Patterns of Intoxication of Shellfish in the Gulf of Maine Coastal Waters

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Hurst ◽  
Clarice M. Yentsch
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Low Probability

There is considerable variability of intoxication in Mytilus edulis leading to Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) along the Gulf of Maine coast. When samples from the same sampling location are collected and analyzed on a sufficiently frequent basis, patterns are evident. The patterns are (1) There are areas of high and low probability of shellfish toxin on the Maine coast. (2) Within the high probability areas, the timing at different stations is similar although there is intraannual variability. (3) Toxin rise can occur any time during vernal warning, the most probable timing being spring or late summer. (4) Toxin levels at offshore stations (e.g. Monhegan Island) are frequently much higher than toxin levels at nearshore and inshore stations. These patterns are useful as tracers of bloom dynamics.Key words: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, PSP; shellfish toxins, dinoflagellates, bloom dynamics, red tide, Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata, Mytilus edulis

scholarly journals Understanding interannual, decadal level variability in paralytic shellfish poisoning toxicity in the Gulf of Maine: The HAB Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Anderson ◽  
Darcie A. Couture ◽  
Judith L. Kleindinst ◽  
Bruce A. Keafer ◽  
Dennis J. McGillicuddy, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Sensitive Determination of Eight Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Aquatic Products by LC-MS-MS Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 633-636
Author(s):  
Bing Feng ◽  
You Qiong Cai ◽  
Xiao Ling Zhang ◽  
Hui Juan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Sensitive Determination ◽  
Psp Toxins

With the rapid increasing happening frequency of red tide in China, the urgent pollution issue of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in aquatic products is becoming more serious and attacking greater attention. Thus, the routine monitoring of PSP toxins in aquatic products need to be vigorously enforced. In this study, the LC-MS-MS method for eight PSP toxins was developed and applied for the quantitative analysis in sea foods from different areas of China. The result showed the proposed method can completely meet the need for their routine monitoring purpose.

Dynamic modelling of phycotoxin kinetics in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, with implications for other marine invertebrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Silvert ◽  
A. D. Cembella
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Modelling the uptake and detoxification kinetics of phycotoxins in marine filter-feeding bivalve molluscs is discussed and illustrated by a case study involving blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the lower St. Lawrence estuary in eastern Canada. A dynamic model was fit to empirical data acquired on differential responses of mussels transplanted from sites characterized by differing history of exposure to toxigenic blooms responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Although it is difficult to collect sufficient data to calibrate complicated models, it appears that one- and two-compartment models are fully adequate for this type of modelling. Measuring phycotoxin levels in shellfish can be a useful and cost-effective adjunct to direct monitoring of phytoplankton toxicity in the water column, because ongoing filtration by shellfish provides an integrated estimate of the toxin to which they are exposed.

Distribution of paralytic shellfish poison among Pyrrhophyta

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Schmidt ◽  
Alfred R. Loeblich
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Using the mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), the distribution of toxicity among 23 dinoflagellate species was studied. Special consideration was given to red-tide-forming species and to those species previously implicated as causative organisms in paralytic shellfish poisoning. Among those investigated were ten marine species of the genus Gonyaulax, previously known to contain three toxic species. The presence of PSP was detected only in Gonyaulax species of the section Catenella. The amount of toxin varied in different species, ranging from 0.05 to 24 pg/cell. The amount of toxin per cell also varied with the phase of growth (exponential or stationary) in the New England red-tide species, G. tamarensis var. excavata Braarud.

SEM observations of bloom-forming toxic diatoms from Monterey Bay, California

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 832-833
Author(s):  
E. A. Hale ◽  
J. M. Krupp ◽  
D. L. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Monterey Bay ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Northern Anchovy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pseudonitzschia Australis

In the late summer of 1991, large numbers of seabirds in northern Monterey Bay, California died after showing unusual neurological symptoms. The first suspects were dinoflagellates, planktonic algae known to produce the toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Although toxic dinoflagellates were found, no evidence for PSP was present. Subsequent chemical analysis of tissue and stomach contents from affected birds and from locally collected northern anchovy showed high concentrations of domoic acid. During the seabird kill in Monterey Bay, the plankton was dominated by Pseudonitzschia australis (=Nitzschia pseudoseriata) a diatom not previously known to produce domoic acid.

scholarly journals Categorizing the severity of paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in the Gulf of Maine for forecasting and management

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Kleindinst ◽  
Donald M. Anderson ◽  
Dennis J. McGillicuddy ◽  
Richard P. Stumpf ◽  
Kathleen M. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish
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