Paralytic shellfish poisoning with a Gymnodinium catenatum red tide on the Pacific Coast of Mexico

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Mee ◽  
Mayola Espinosa ◽  
Gilberto Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum

scholarly journals Ciguatera in Mexico (1984–2013)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Núñez-Vázquez ◽  
Antonio Almazán-Becerril ◽  
David López-Cortés ◽  
Alejandra Heredia-Tapia ◽  
Francisco Hernández-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sphyraena Barracuda ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Historical records of ciguatera in Mexico date back to 1862. This review, including references and epidemiological reports, documents 464 cases during 25 events from 1984 to 2013: 240 (51.72%) in Baja California Sur, 163 (35.12%) in Quintana Roo, 45 (9.69%) in Yucatan, and 16 (3.44%) cases of Mexican tourists intoxicated in Cuba. Carnivorous fish, such as snapper (Lutjanus) and grouper (Epinephelus and Mycteroperca) in the Pacific Ocean, and great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) and snapper (Lutjanus) in the Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea), were involved in all cases. In the Mexican Caribbean, a sub-record of ciguatera cases that occurred before 1984 exists. However, the number of intoxications has increased in recent years, and this food poisoning is poorly studied in the region. Current records suggest that ciguatera fish poisoning in humans is the second most prevalent form of seafood poisoning in Mexico, only exceeded by paralytic shellfish poisoning (505 cases, 21 fatalities in the same 34-year period). In this study, the status of ciguatera in Mexico (epidemiological and treatment), and the fish vectors are reviewed. Dinoflagellate species Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum are related with the reported outbreaks, marine toxins, ecological risk, and the potential toxicological impact.

scholarly journals Accumulation and Elimination Dynamics of the Hydroxybenzoate Saxitoxin Analogues in Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Exposed to the Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Reis Costa ◽  
Ana Braga ◽  
Andrew Turner
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Marine Dinoflagellates ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a severe food-borne illness, caused by the ingestion of seafood containing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which are naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and accumulate in shellfish during algae blooms. Novel PST, designated as hydroxybenzoate analogues (also known as GC toxins), was relatively recently discovered in Gymnodinium catenatum strains worldwide. However, to date, there have been no studies examining their accumulation in shellfish. In this study, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to G. catenatum for five days and then exposed to a non-toxic diet for 24 h, to investigate the toxin’s accumulation/elimination dynamics. As determined by UHPLC-HILIC-MS/MS, the hydroxybenzoate analogues, GC1 to GC6, comprised 41% of the algae toxin profile and only 9% in mussels. Elimination of GC toxins after 24 h was not evident. This study highlights that a relevant fraction of PST in mussels are not routinely analysed in monitoring programs and that there is a need to better understand the toxicological potential of the hydroxybenzoate analogues, in order to properly address the risk of G. catenatum blooms.

SINGAPORE ISOLATES OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM (DINOPHYCEAE) PRODUCE A UNIQUE PROFILE OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS1

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael James Holmes ◽  
Christopher J. S. Bolch ◽  
David H. Green ◽  
Allan D. Cembella ◽  
Serena Lay Ming Teo
Keyword(s):  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum

Patterns of Intoxication of Shellfish in the Gulf of Maine Coastal Waters

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Hurst ◽  
Clarice M. Yentsch
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Low Probability

There is considerable variability of intoxication in Mytilus edulis leading to Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) along the Gulf of Maine coast. When samples from the same sampling location are collected and analyzed on a sufficiently frequent basis, patterns are evident. The patterns are (1) There are areas of high and low probability of shellfish toxin on the Maine coast. (2) Within the high probability areas, the timing at different stations is similar although there is intraannual variability. (3) Toxin rise can occur any time during vernal warning, the most probable timing being spring or late summer. (4) Toxin levels at offshore stations (e.g. Monhegan Island) are frequently much higher than toxin levels at nearshore and inshore stations. These patterns are useful as tracers of bloom dynamics.Key words: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, PSP; shellfish toxins, dinoflagellates, bloom dynamics, red tide, Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata, Mytilus edulis

Sensitive Determination of Eight Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Aquatic Products by LC-MS-MS Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 633-636
Author(s):  
Bing Feng ◽  
You Qiong Cai ◽  
Xiao Ling Zhang ◽  
Hui Juan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Sensitive Determination ◽  
Psp Toxins

With the rapid increasing happening frequency of red tide in China, the urgent pollution issue of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in aquatic products is becoming more serious and attacking greater attention. Thus, the routine monitoring of PSP toxins in aquatic products need to be vigorously enforced. In this study, the LC-MS-MS method for eight PSP toxins was developed and applied for the quantitative analysis in sea foods from different areas of China. The result showed the proposed method can completely meet the need for their routine monitoring purpose.

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