Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Sea Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in the West Atlantic

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Jamieson ◽  
R. A. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Sea Scallops

Levels of Gonyaulax excavata toxin in sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) tissues were monitored in eastern Canada on a monthly basis between 1977 and 1981. All tissues but the adductor muscle were found to be highly toxic in Bay of Fundy scallops, with negligible toxicity observed in scallops from Georges Bank, the outer Scotian Shelf, and Northumberland Strait scallops. Level of Bay of Fundy toxicity was much higher than previously observed (maximum digestive gland toxicity: 150 000 μg/100 g in March 1978), and recent average monthly toxicity for Bay of Fundy scallop roe ranged from 184 to 286 μg/100 g. Considerable fluctuation in toxicity can occur between adjacent months, and peak toxicities in sea scallops occur during fail and winter months. Scallop roe fisheries should be permitted to be established for scallops fished from the northern part of Georges Bank and Northumberland Strait. However, a closed zone for scallop roe should be established in the Bay of Fundy and adjacent Scotian Shelf.Key words: scallop, PSP, Gonyaulax, Placopecten, mollusk

Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Sea Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus, Gmelin)

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Sea Scallops

Bioassays for paralytic shellfish poison were carried out in sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus, Gmelin) from the major scallop producing areas off the Canadian Atlantic coast. There was very little or no toxin in Georges Bank or southern Gulf of St. Lawrence scallops. In Bay of Fundy scallops, adductor muscles and gills were poison-free but livers and mantles remained toxic the year round. The highest score of roes in these scallops was 43 μg of toxin per 100 g of roe.

Accumulation of domoic acid by the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fed cultured cells of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Douglas ◽  
E R Kenchington ◽  
C J Bird ◽  
R Pocklington ◽  
B Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Sea Scallops

Sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were fed Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (formerly P. pungens f. multiseries, Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries) cells of high domoic acid (DA) content (4.0-6.7 pg DA cdot cell-1) for 22 days, followed by 14 days of feeding with nontoxic microalgae. DA was incorporated within 24 h by the scallops, with increased uptake after 6 days, and was concentrated in tissues in the following order: digestive gland >> remaining soft tissue >> adductor muscle. A maximum DA concentration of 3108 mu g cdot g-1 was recorded in the digestive gland, approximately 150 times the regulatory limit (20 mu g DA cdot g-1) and among the highest levels observed in bivalve molluscs; however, only trace amounts, 0.7-1.5 mu g cdot g-1, were found concomitantly in the adductor muscle. At the end of the exposure period, 50.9% of the DA that had been supplied to the scallops had been incorporated into the tissues. Concentrations in the digestive gland 14 days after termination of the toxic diet remained high, 752 mu g DA cdot g-1. Throughout the experiment, there was no sign of illness or mortality attributable to high DA loading, although the destructive sampling of animals did not allow us to assess the effects of the toxin in the longer term.

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, in the Bay of Fundy

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Hsu ◽  
A. Marchand ◽  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
G. G. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
A Minor

The paralytic shellfish poison of the giant sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin), from the Bay of Fundy has been analyzed. Of eight toxins isolated, seven were identified with those previously recognized in various sources including the Atlantic toxic dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax tamarensis cells. The major components were gonyautoxin-I, gonyautoxin-II, and neosaxitoxin; saxitoxin was responsible for only a very small portion of the total toxicity. A minor toxin that was eluted between neosaxitoxin and saxitoxin in the chromatography system was found to be new and designated as gonyautoxin-VII. Key words: paralytic shellfish poisons, gonyautoxins, neosaxitoxin, Gonyaulax tamarensis

Fourier Analysis of Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Shells in Determining Population Structure

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Kenchington ◽  
W. E. Full
Keyword(s):  
Shell Shape ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Shape Descriptors ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Harmonic Numbers ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Sea Scallops ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Fourier Harmonics

Sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were sampled from each of four scallop beds: the northeast peak of Georges Bank, Western Bank, St. Pierre Bank, and the Bay of Fundy near Digby, N.S. The outlines of scallop top shells were captured by video imagery using a semiautomated approach. Fourier shape descriptors were calculated and analyzed. Age and year-class effects were shown to be important factors influencing scallop shell shape. Allometric effects on Fourier harmonics also have a significant influence on shell shape in this species. Comparisons of Fourier harmonics between scallop beds separated by age and sampling year, and corrected for allometry, revealed significant differences in the majority of harmonic numbers. Post hoc analyses identified St. Pierre Bank and the Bay of Fundy as being significantly different from the other beds in a suite of separate analyses.

Cadmium in Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Tissues from Clean and Contaminated Areas

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Uthe ◽  
C. L. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Sea Scallops

Over 90% of the total cadmium in the soft tissues of sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) was in the digestive gland with less than 1% in the adductor muscle. The amount of cadmium in the digestive gland was significantly related to shell height. Shell height was superior to age as an independent (predictor) variable due to difficulties in ageing scallops. Based on these relationships, scallops of approximately 100 mm shell height were selected to study interregional differences. Neither cadmium concentration nor burden could be used to identify contaminated areas. The ratio of digestive gland cadmium to that in the adductor muscle was lowest for scallops from Chaleur Bay, which had received substantial anthropogenic cadmium input, and for scallops that had been starved for approximately 14 mo. We suggest that the high tissue cadmium levels in scallops from Georges Bank and Browns Bank are not due to contamination from anthropogenic or natural sources but rather reflect feeding and the nutritional inadequacy of the diets. Conversely, the high levels of cadmium input to Chaleur Bay were not reflected in high tissue concentrations or burdens in scallops.

Identification of Planktonic Sea Scallop Larvae (Placopecten magellanicus) (Gmelin)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tremblay ◽  
L. D. Meade ◽  
G. V. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Sea Scallop ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Scallop Larvae ◽  
Shape And Size

Methods for the collection, processing, and identification of planktonic sea scallop larvae (Placopecten magellanicus) (Gmelin) are described. Bivalve larvae collected from the Bay of Fundy were compared with cultured P. magellanicus larvae. Sea scallop larvae collected from the plankton can be tentatively identified based on shape and size; examination of the larval hinge structure allows confirmation.

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Natural Foods

<i>Abstract</i>.—The Gulf of Maine (GoM) may have defined borders to some, but to the Canadian fishing industry, it carries a flow of larvae, nutrients, and other resources that help sustain the fishery from Georges Bank to the West Scotian Slope to the Bay of Fundy and all points in between. The GoM provides a source of wealth to people and communities, as well as supplying what may be one of the last natural foods on the planet. The fishing industry has been using the GoM for centuries, yet it is only recently that monitoring and data gathering has been taking place. In my opinion, we can extract much more value from the fisheries than we presently do. If the fisheries resource of the GoM is not delivering its full potential, who is ultimately responsible and accountable? In the past decade, transboundary groundfish resources from Georges Bank have been successfully managed through the Transboundary Management Guidance Committee. We can improve decision making even further in a greater ecosystem context, recognizing that decisions have to be made with the information available. An ecosystem approach to fisheries proposes a pragmatic view based on assessing the risk of not meeting agreed objectives.

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