Allozymic Variation and Species Diversity in North American Bosminidae

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita De Melo ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
North American ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Allozyme Analysis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Morphological Studies

North American members of the genus Bosmina show marked morphological variation and integradation, which have been attributed to the occurrence of both phenotypic plasticity and occasional hybridization between a small number of species. We employed allozyme analysis on 72 bosminid populations from 62 North American habitats to ascertain the validity of species boundaries and to verify the occurrence of hybridization. Results showed that levels of genetic variability (15.8% polymorphic loci, 10% individual heterozygosities) in bosminids were comparable with those reported in other zooplankton groups. Significant Hardy–Weinberg deviations were detected at 38% of polymorphic loci and were usually due to heterozygote deficiency. No clear evidence of interspecific hybridization was obtained, although some cases of heterozygote excess require further investigation. While prior morphological studies indicated the occurrence of only six species, the allozyme data revealed the presence of eight assemblages showing allelic substitutions at one or more loci. Each assemblage corresponded to a different species belonging to one of four subgenera (Bosmina, Eubosmina, Neobosmina, or Sinobosmina). Within two assemblages, individuals could be further partitioned into two morphologically distinct, but genetically similar species, leading to the recognition of 10 species in this study.

Geographic variability and wing plasticity in Sitona sulcifrons (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Tomáš Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Total Variability

AbstractGenetic variability in four polymorphic loci and variation in phenotypic plasticity in relation to the relative size of wings, were compared and contrasted among eight local populations of Sitonasulcifrons Thunberg from the Czech and Slovak republics. The distances between localities from which samples were taken were between 49 and 492 kilometres. The results demonstrated that: 1. The variability between populations was 5.5% and the other 94.5% of the total variability was realized within populations. 2. Significant differences in allozyme frequencies among populations existed when distances were more than 100 km. A similar trend was also found in variability of relative wing size in males among populations when distances were more than 200 km. 3. Overall, a significant deficiency of heterozygotes in relation to Hardy-Weinberg predictions existed from all samples. The results support the idea that, at least inagricultural areas, gene flow in S. sulcifrons does not seem to be strong enough to stabilize one large interbreeding population in distances over 100 kilometres.

A STUDY OF THE SPECIES OF ENTYLOMA ON NORTH AMERICAN COMPOSITES

1947 ◽  
Vol 25c (3) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. O. Savile
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Made In

A study of the species of Entyloma on North American composites suggests that almost every form can be assigned to one of two phyletic groups. E. polysporum contains most of the forms with densely crowded, rather large teliospores and no conidia. E. Davisii on Rudbeckia hirta and, probably, a fungus on Lepachys columnaris are segregated from it. E. Compositarum contains most of the forms with smaller, uncrowded spores and abundant conidia. E. arnicale and possibly one or two other forms may be regarded as segregates from this species.Emended descriptions of E. polysporum and E. Compositarum are given to clarify the differences between these two species. Corrections are also made in the identification of some exsiccati specimens.Comparisons are made with European forms to the extent that material has been available, but far more study of European specimens is needed to allow assessment of some species.Species concepts for these fungi are discussed, and criteria are suggested for adequate morphological studies.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding in the Fish Market and Nearby Seafood Restaurants in Taiwan Reveals the Underestimation of Fish Species Diversity in Seafood

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Hung-Tai Lee ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Liao ◽  
Te-Hua Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Fish Species Identification

Seafood, especially in traditional food Taiwan, is rarely sourced from a fixed species and routinely from similar species depending on their availability. Hence, the species composition of seafood can be complicated. While a DNA-based approach has been routinely utilized for species identification, a large scale of seafood identification in fish markets and restaurants could be challenging (e.g., elevated cost and time-consuming only for a limited number of species identification). In the present study, we aimed to identify the majority of fish species potentially consumed in fish markets and nearby seafood restaurants using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Four eDNA samplings from a local fish market and nearby seafood restaurants were conducted using Sterivex cartridges. Nineteen universal primers previously validated for fish species identification were utilized to amplify the fragments of mitochondrial DNA (12S, COI, ND5) of species in eDNA samples and sequenced with NovaSeq 6000 sequencing. A total of 153 fish species have been identified based on 417 fish related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) generated from 50,534,995 reads. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) further showed the differences in fish species between the sampling times and sampling sites. Of these fish species, 22 chondrichthyan fish, 14 Anguilliformes species, and 15 Serranidae species were respectively associated with smoked sharks, braised moray eels, and grouper fish soups. To our best knowledge, this work represents the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of a large scale of seafood identification using eDNA metabarcoding approach. Our findings also imply the species diversity in traditional seafood might be seriously underestimated and crucial for the conservation and management of marine resources.

A comparison of latitudinal species diversity patterns between riverine and terrestrial earthworms from the North American temperate zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Mac A. Callaham ◽  
Richard P. Shefferson ◽  
Evelyn S. Wenk ◽  
Carlos Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
North American ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Patterns of morphological diversification in giant Berberomeloe blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) reveal an unexpected taxonomic diversity concordant with mtDNA phylogenetic structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Vialas ◽  
Mario García-París ◽  
José L Ruiz ◽  
Ernesto Recuero
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Morphological Diversification

Abstract Delimiting species boundaries is a complex challenge usually hindered by overlooked morphological diversification or misinterpretation of geographically structured phenotypic variability. Independent molecular data are extremely useful to characterize and understand such morphological diversity. Morphological and molecular variability of the non-phoretic and apterous, widely distributed, giant blister beetles of the genus Berberomeloe, were investigated within and between lineages across most of the distributional range of the genus. We used two mtDNA gene fragments to characterize genetic variability and to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny of the genus. Our results reveal several mitochondrial lineages, allopatrically, parapatrically and sympatrically distributed. Most clades are not distinguishable between each other based on morphometrics. However, no morphometric overlap is observed between two closely related clades, one of them occurring in sympatry with a distantly congeneric species (B. insignis), suggesting that sympatry could trigger morphological diversification. Although most species share a morphometric space, they can be morphologically identified by a combination of easily observed characteristic qualitative features. Based on the concordance between mtDNA clades and morphological units, we describe six new species of Berberomeloe (B. castuo sp. nov., B. comunero sp. nov., B. indalo sp. nov, B. yebli sp. nov., B. payoyo sp. nov. and B. tenebrosus sp. nov.), revalidate two taxa (B. maculifrons comb. nov. and B. laevigatus comb. nov.) and redefine B. majalis.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Philippsen ◽  
Erasmo Renesto ◽  
Ana Maria Gealh ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni ◽  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique

Four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo were analyzed through the allozyme electrophoresis technique in corn starch gel. The allozyme pattern was similar to those found in N. paranensis with 24 loci scored. Two samples (ribeirão Atlântico and ribeirão Uraí) showed monomorphic bands for all 24 loci, whereas the other two (rio Verde and rio Fortaleza) showed 8.3% of polymorphic loci. The He genetic variability estimates for the rios Verde and Fortaleza populations were 0.0195 and 0.0179, respectively, too much inferior to the mean heterozygosity summed to species from the whole world (0.051). The Wright statistical values F IS = 0.5181, F IT = 0.5681 and F ST = 0.1039 and the genetic distance of Nei values showed that the four samples are genetically very similar to each other and that there is homozygote excess in the polymorphic loci.

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