scholarly journals Patterns of morphological diversification in giant Berberomeloe blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) reveal an unexpected taxonomic diversity concordant with mtDNA phylogenetic structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Vialas ◽  
Mario García-París ◽  
José L Ruiz ◽  
Ernesto Recuero
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Morphological Diversification

Abstract Delimiting species boundaries is a complex challenge usually hindered by overlooked morphological diversification or misinterpretation of geographically structured phenotypic variability. Independent molecular data are extremely useful to characterize and understand such morphological diversity. Morphological and molecular variability of the non-phoretic and apterous, widely distributed, giant blister beetles of the genus Berberomeloe, were investigated within and between lineages across most of the distributional range of the genus. We used two mtDNA gene fragments to characterize genetic variability and to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny of the genus. Our results reveal several mitochondrial lineages, allopatrically, parapatrically and sympatrically distributed. Most clades are not distinguishable between each other based on morphometrics. However, no morphometric overlap is observed between two closely related clades, one of them occurring in sympatry with a distantly congeneric species (B. insignis), suggesting that sympatry could trigger morphological diversification. Although most species share a morphometric space, they can be morphologically identified by a combination of easily observed characteristic qualitative features. Based on the concordance between mtDNA clades and morphological units, we describe six new species of Berberomeloe (B. castuo sp. nov., B. comunero sp. nov., B. indalo sp. nov, B. yebli sp. nov., B. payoyo sp. nov. and B. tenebrosus sp. nov.), revalidate two taxa (B. maculifrons comb. nov. and B. laevigatus comb. nov.) and redefine B. majalis.

scholarly journals Debating phylogenetic relationships of the scleractinian Psammocora: molecular and morphological evidences

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Benzoni ◽  
Fabrizio Stefani ◽  
Jaroslaw Stolarski ◽  
Michel Pichon ◽  
Guillaume Mitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
The Family

The phylogenetic relationships of the scleractinian genus Psammocora with the other genera traditionally included in the family Siderastreidae and some Fungiidae are assessed based on combined skeletal and molecular data. P. explanulata differs from the other examined congeneric species (P. contigua, P. digitata, P. nierstraszi , P. profundacella, P. superficialis, and P. stellata) in possessing interstomatous septa between adult corallites, costae, and in having continuous buttress-like structures joining septal faces (i.e., fulturae) which typically occur in fungiids. These characters are shared with Coscinaraea wellsi but not with the remainder of the examined siderastreids (the congeneric C. columna, and Anomastraea irregularis, Horastrea indica, Pseudosiderastrea tayamai, Siderastrea savignyana) whose septa are interconnected by typical synapticulae. Most of the examined species form septa with distinct transverse groups of centers of calcification, a biomineralization pattern typical of the Robusta clade. The observations on skeletal structures corroborate the results of the ITS2 and 5.8S molecular phylogeny. C. wellsi and P. explanulata are phylogenetically very close to each other and show closer genetic affinity with the examined Fungiidae (Halomitra pileus, Herpolitha limax, Fungia paumotensis, and Podabacia crustacea) than with the other species in the genera Psammocora and Coscinaraea, or with any other siderastreid. Our results show that neither Psammocora nor Coscinaraea are monophyletic genera. The high genetic distances between the species of Siderastreidae, especially between Pseudosiderastrea tayamai and Siderastrea savignyana on one side and the other genera on the other, suggest a deep divergence in the phylogenetic structure of the family.

New species reveal unexpected interspecific microhabitat diversity in the genus Uthina Simon, 1893 (Araneae : Pholcidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Kai R. Caspar ◽  
Jonas Eberle
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Records ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Colour Dimorphism

Representatives of the Southeast Asian pholcid spider genus Uthina Simon, 1893 have been thought to be very homogeneous in their ecology and morphology. The 14 previously known species all inhabit near-ground microhabitats and cave entrances, and range from pale to dark brown in colour. Even their genitalia are partly very similar, with some species pairs being barely distinguishable based on morphological characters. Here we describe three new species from Bali, Java and Sulawesi that represent three further microhabitats and demonstrate considerable ecological and morphological diversity within the genus: U. maya, sp. nov. from Bali is a large dark species on tree trunks; U. hylobatea, sp. nov. from Bali and eastern Java is a pale leaf-dwelling species that exhibits colour dimorphism; and U. mimpi, sp. nov. is a pale troglomorphic species collected in the aphotic zones of two South Sulawesi caves. In addition, we present new data for five previously described species, including ultrastructure, natural history, new records, taxonomic notes and a description of the previously unknown female of Uthina khaosokensis Yao, Li & Jäger, 2014. Molecular data suggest that all previously described species are very closely related to each other (constituting the monophyletic luzonica-group), and that the three new species represent separate clades within the genus. However, the basal trichotomy could not be resolved: U. maya + (U. hylobatea + U. mimpi) + luzonica-group.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological data reveal three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleis(Mehely 1904) (Anura, Microhylidae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio C. Forlani ◽  
João F.R. Tonini ◽  
Carlos A.G. Cruz ◽  
Hussam Zaher ◽  
Rafael O. de Sá
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coloration Patterns

Three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleisfrom the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described. Two of these species occur in the northeastern states of Sergipe and Bahia, whereas the third species is found in the southeastern state of São Paulo. The new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the molecular data, as evidenced in the phylogeny, and by a combination of morphological characters including: size, foot webbing, dermal spines, and coloration patterns.Chiasmocleisspecies differ in osteological traits, therefore we also provide an osteological description of each new species and comparsions with data reported for other species in the genus.

scholarly journals Mysterious chokeberries: new data on the diversity and phylogeny of Aronia Medik. (Rosaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Shipunov ◽  
Sofia Gladkova ◽  
Polina Timoshina ◽  
Hye Ji Lee ◽  
Jinhee Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
European Species ◽  
Generic Hybrid ◽  
Woody Shrubs

Aronia Medik. (chokeberry, Rosaceae) is a genus of woody shrubs with two or three North American species. Species boundaries and relationships between species of Aronia are frequently under question. The only European species in the genus, A. mitschurinii A.K.Skvortsov & Maitul., is suggested to be an inter-generic hybrid. In order to clarify the relationships between species of Aronia, we performed several morphometric and molecular analyses and found that the molecular and morphological diversity within data on American Aronia is low, and species boundaries are mostly not clearly expressed. Whereas morphology is able to separate American species from A. mitschurinii, there is no support for such discrimination from the molecular data; our analyses did not reveal evidence of A. mitschurinii hybrid origin. We believe that higher-resolution markers are needed to resolve species boundaries and putative hybridization events.

Hidden diversity within the Diopatra cuprea complex (Annelida: Onuphidae): morphological and genetics analyses reveal four new species in the south-west Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Corrêa Seixas ◽  
Tatiana Menchini Steiner ◽  
Antônio Mateo Solé-Cava ◽  
Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral ◽  
Paulo Cesar Paiva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
South West ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Determinant Factor

Abstract Diopatra is the most species-rich genus of Onuphidae with about 60 species. Although 14 species have been reported for Brazil, the cosmopolitan D. cuprea is the most commonly reported from the area, including populations with a large morphological diversity. To better elucidate this species complex, we use morphological and molecular data, and reveal a hidden diversity. Thus, we describe four new species (D. hannelorae sp. nov., D. marinae sp. nov., D. pectiniconicum sp. nov. and D. victoriae sp. nov.) and discuss their geographical and bathymetrical distributions. None of the analysed specimens could be identified as D. cuprea based on available sequences. New taxonomic characters were highlighted, including jaw morphology, which was the determinant factor to differentiate D. marinae from D. victoriae. Phylogenetic analysis indicates three (COI and ND4) or four (concatenated) lineages, because D. marinae was not always reciprocally monophyletic. Sequence-based species delimitation also indicates three to five species, depending on the method used. Inter- and intragroup genetic divergence and haplotype network analysis supported four species. The divergence time among species indicates that Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations and the Vitória–Trindade chain limited the gene flow between northern and southern populations and contributed to the emergence of species, mainly in the case of D. marinae and D. victoriae.

scholarly journals New New Records of Snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) from Lai Chau Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Quang Truong
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

Based on recently herpetological collection from Sin Ho forest between 2017 to 2018, we herein report five new records of snakes from Lai Chau Province, comprising Dendrelaphis pictus (Colubridae), Bungarus multicinctus (Elapidae), Hebius chapaensis (Natricidae), Pareas carinatus (Pareatidae), and Ovophis monticola (Viperidae). Our findings brought the total number of snakes species recorded from Lai Chau province up to 26. We also provide additional information about morphology and natural history of the afore mentioned species. Keywords Colubridae, Elapidae, Natricidae, New records, Pareatidae, Sin Ho District, Viperidae References [1] Ủy Ban nhân tỉnh Lai Châu, 2018, Công thông tin điện tử (http://http://sinho.laichau.gov.vn), cập nhật ngày 6/1/2019.[2] Nguyen, S. V., Ho, C. T. & Nguyen, T. Q., Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 2009.[3] Ziegler, T., Ngo, N. H., Pham, V. A., Nguyen, T. T., Le, D. M. & Nguyen, Q. T., A new species of Parafimbrios from northern Vietnam(Squamata: Xenodermatidae), Zootaxa 4527(2) (2018): 269–276.[4] Bourret, R., Les serpents de l'Indochine. H. Dasuyau, Toulouse, Vol. 1 and 2, 141+505pp, 1936.[5] Smith, M. A., The fauna of Bistish india, Ceylon and Burma, reptilia and Amphibia. Vol III. Serpentes, 1943.[6] Ziegler, T. & Vogel, G., On the knowledge and specific status of Dendrelaphis ngansonensis (Bourret, 1935) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), Russian Journal of Herpetology, 6(3) (1999): 199–208.[7] Nguyễn Văn Sáng, Động vật chí Việt Nam (Phân bộ Rắn), Tập 4, Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 2007.[8] Phạm Văn Anh, Nguyễn Thị Bích Ngọc, Nguyễn Thị Mến, Nguyễn Lân Hùng Sơn, Nguyễn Quảng Trường, Ghi nhận mới về sự phân bố của một số loài rắn (Squamata: Serpentes) ở tỉnh Sơn La, Báo cáo khoa học, Kỷ yếu hội nghị toàn quốc về Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật lần thứ 5 (2013): 461–467.[9] Ren, J-L., Wang, K., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, V. C., Zhong, G-H., Jiang, K., Guo, P., Li, J-T., Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China, Zootaxa 4486 (1) (2018): 031–056.[10] Bourret, R., Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine Française I. Ophidiens de Chapa. Bull. Gen. Instr. Pub. Hanoi 7 (March 1934): 129-138. [11] Guo, K. & Xuejiang, D., A new species of Pareas (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae) from the Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China, Zootaxa 2008 (2009): 53–60.[12] Malhotra, A., Dawson, K., Guo, P. & S. Thorpe, S. R., Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2) (2011): 444–457.

Two new species of Litostigma (Gesneriaceae) from the China–Vietnam border area based on morphological and molecular data, adding new stigma characters for the genus

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen You‐Sheng ◽  
Yun‐Feng Huang ◽  
Lian‐Sheng Xu ◽  
Bing‐Mou Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Description of a new species Coomansus batxatensis (Mononchida, Mononchidae) from Vietnam, with an updated key to species

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T.T. Vu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Abstract Coomansus batxatensis sp. nov., recorded from Vietnam, is described and illustrated and its phylogenetic relationship within the Mononchida is analysed. The molecular data (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) are provided for the new species. The new species is characterized by small body size (body length, L = 0.7–0.9 mm); buccal cavity sub-rectangular in shape, flattened at base, 21–24 × 12–13 μm or 1.9 (1.7–2.0) times as long as wide; posterior position of dorsal tooth apex (59–63% from the base of buccal cavity); pars refringens vaginae with faint and small (2.5 × 1.7 μm) teardrop-shaped pieces, short pars distalis vaginae; and males with short spicules (50–51.5 μm) with rounded head and conical blade part. The new species is close to Coomansus parvus but differs from it by the smaller buccal cavity size, more posterior position of the dorsal tooth apex, longer tail and presence of males. An updated identification key to Coomansus species and a compendium of all the species known are presented.

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

scholarly journals Black spicules from a new interstitial opheliid polychaete Thoracophelia minuta sp. nov. (Annelida: Opheliidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Jimi ◽  
Shinta Fujimoto ◽  
Mami Takehara ◽  
Satoshi Imura
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe phylum Annelida exhibits high morphological diversity coupled with its extensive ecological diversity, and the process of its evolution has been an attractive research subject for many researchers. Its representatives are also extensively studied in fields of ecology and developmental biology and important in many other biology related disciplines. The study of biomineralisation is one of them. Some annelid groups are well known to form calcified tubes but other forms of biomineralisation are also known. Herein, we report a new interstitial annelid species with black spicules, Thoracophelia minuta sp. nov., from Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. Spicules are minute calcium carbonate inclusions found across the body and in this new species, numerous black rod-like inclusions of calcium-rich composition are distributed in the coelomic cavity. The new species can be distinguished from other known species of the genus by these conspicuous spicules, shape of branchiae and body formula. Further, the new species’ body size is apparently smaller than its congeners. Based on our molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S and 28S sequences, we discuss the evolutionary significance of the new species’ spicules and also the species' progenetic origin.

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