scholarly journals Genetic variability in four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Philippsen ◽  
Erasmo Renesto ◽  
Ana Maria Gealh ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni ◽  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique

Four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo were analyzed through the allozyme electrophoresis technique in corn starch gel. The allozyme pattern was similar to those found in N. paranensis with 24 loci scored. Two samples (ribeirão Atlântico and ribeirão Uraí) showed monomorphic bands for all 24 loci, whereas the other two (rio Verde and rio Fortaleza) showed 8.3% of polymorphic loci. The He genetic variability estimates for the rios Verde and Fortaleza populations were 0.0195 and 0.0179, respectively, too much inferior to the mean heterozygosity summed to species from the whole world (0.051). The Wright statistical values F IS = 0.5181, F IT = 0.5681 and F ST = 0.1039 and the genetic distance of Nei values showed that the four samples are genetically very similar to each other and that there is homozygote excess in the polymorphic loci.

scholarly journals ALLOZYME DIVERSITY IN CHESTNUT (CASTANEA SPP.).

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 736a-736
Author(s):  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Joseph Norton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Changjiang River ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Changjiang River ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
River Region

Allozyme genetic variability in three chestnut (Castanea) species was investigated using 19 loci from ten enzyme systems. G-tests of heterogeneity of isozymic allele distribution showed significant differences in both intraspecific and interspecific populations. C. mollissima was found to possess a significantly higher value of mean gene heterozygosity (H=0.3050±0.0419), percentage of polymorphic loci (P=84.21%) and average number of alleles per locus (A=2.05) than any other species in the Castanea section Eucustanon. When the genetic variability of populations of C. mollissimo from four regions in China was investigated, population from the Changjiang river region showed a markedly higher mean gene heterozygosity (H=0.3480±0.0436) than populations from the other regions. An approximately identical genetic distance between the population from the Changjiang river region and populations from three other regions was observed, while populations from the latter regions showed almost the same genetic distance from each other.

scholarly journals Analysis of variance of partial diallel tables

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcelo Soriano Viana ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Antonio Américo Cardoso ◽  
Adair José Regazzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominance Testing ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Diallel

The theory of variance analysis of partial diallel tables, following Hayman's proposal of 1954, is presented. As several statistical tests yield similar inferences, the present analysis mainly proposes to assess genetic variability in two groups of parents and to study specific, varietal and mean heteroses. Testing the nullity of specific heteroses equals testing absence of dominance. Testing equality of varietal heteroses of the parents of a group is equivalent to testing the hypothesis that in the other group allelic genes have the same frequency. Rejection of the hypothesis that the mean heterosis is null indicates dominance. The information obtained complements that provided by diallel analysis involving parents and their F1 hybrids or F2 generations. An example with the common bean is included.

Microbiological Sampling of Carcasses by Excision or Swabbing with Three Types of Sponge or Gauze

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARDO MARTÍNEZ ◽  
M. FELICIDAD CELDA ◽  
BEGOÑA ANASTASIO ◽  
INÉS GARCÍA ◽  
M. CARMEN LÓPEZ-MENDOZA
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Cellulose Sponge ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Polyurethane Sponge ◽  
The Mean

Fifty-five bovine, 50 equine, 60 ovine, and 50 porcine carcasses were sampled in a slaughterhouse in eastern Spain. Two samples were taken from each carcass, one using the excision method and the other using the swabbing method. Four different materials were used for swabbing: cellulose, polyurethane, or viscose sponges, and medical gauze. Samples were collected at the end of the process by four different people before the carcasses were taken to the cooler. The samples were examined for total viable bacteria counts (TVCs) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (ECs). The mean TVC for all species sampled by excision was 4.50 log CFU/cm2, which was significantly higher than the 3.53 log CFU/cm2 obtained by swabbing. The TVCs obtained using gauze and the cellulose and polyurethane sponges were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding TVCs obtained using viscose sponges. Animal species, the person who collected the samples, and microbiological load also had a significant effect on TVC. ECs were obtained from 82.8% of excision samples, from larger percentages of samples obtained using cellulose or polyurethane sponges or gauze swabs, but from smaller percentages of samples obtained using viscose sponges. The Enterobacteriaceae load significantly influenced the EC. In contrast, animal species and the person who collected the samples had no significant effect. The cellulose sponge, polyurethane sponge, and gauze gave high mean log counts of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, which makes these swab types suitable for use in slaughterhouses for the purpose of assessing production process hygiene.

Geographic variability and wing plasticity in Sitona sulcifrons (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Tomáš Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Total Variability

AbstractGenetic variability in four polymorphic loci and variation in phenotypic plasticity in relation to the relative size of wings, were compared and contrasted among eight local populations of Sitonasulcifrons Thunberg from the Czech and Slovak republics. The distances between localities from which samples were taken were between 49 and 492 kilometres. The results demonstrated that: 1. The variability between populations was 5.5% and the other 94.5% of the total variability was realized within populations. 2. Significant differences in allozyme frequencies among populations existed when distances were more than 100 km. A similar trend was also found in variability of relative wing size in males among populations when distances were more than 200 km. 3. Overall, a significant deficiency of heterozygotes in relation to Hardy-Weinberg predictions existed from all samples. The results support the idea that, at least inagricultural areas, gene flow in S. sulcifrons does not seem to be strong enough to stabilize one large interbreeding population in distances over 100 kilometres.

Allozyme variation and geographic differentiation in the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata (Girard, 1854)

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Brieva ◽  
J. Ramón Formas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Statistics

AbstractElectrophoretic variation in proteins encoded by 15 loci was analyzed in nine populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata. The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 16.2% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.18. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities for the populations were 0.9% and 5.9%, respectively. The average Rogers genetic distance among pairs of populations was 0.105. F statistics analysis showed high levels of genetic subdivision (Fst = 0.450). An isolation-by-distance test indicated significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Resumen. Se analizó la variabilidad electroforética de proteínas codificadas por 15 loci en nueve poblaciones de la rana leptodactílida chilena Batrachyla taeniata. La proporción general de loci polimórficos se estimó en 16,2% y el número promedio de alelos por locus en 1,18. Las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas promedio fueron 0,9% y 5,9% respectivamente. El promedio de la distancia de Rogers entre pares de poblaciones fue 0,105. El análisis estadístico de F mostró altos niveles de subdivisión genética (Fst = 0,450). El análisis del aislamiento por distancia indicó una correlación significativa entre la distancia genética y la distancia geográfica.

The systematic status of the lagoon periwinkle, Littorina tenebrosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain F. Wilson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Gosling ◽  
William Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

Eight samples of Littorina tenebrosa and L. saxatilis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ireland and Britain, including pairs of each form from two locations in Ireland, were screened for genetic variation at 12 polymorphic enzyme loci using starch gel electrophoresis. Levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity were similar in L. tenebrosa and L. saxatilis, apart from a sample of L. tenebrosa from Britain which was less polymorphic than the Irish samples. No alleles were found to be unique to either form. Phylogenetic analysis using UPGMA showed that L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa populations clustered as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the mean genetic distance between parapatric populations of L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa (D=0.076) was similar to the mean for allopatric populations of either species (D=0.080). This indicates that there is a barrier to gene flow between the two forms Despite this, L. tenebrosa does not merit specific status since populations of this snail do not cluster as a distinct group, separate from L. saxatilis populations.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of the short-haired and rough-haired Segugio Italiano dog breeds and their genetic distance from the other related Segugio breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallotti ◽  
Antonietta La Terza ◽  
Attilio De Cosmo ◽  
Dario Pediconi ◽  
Irene Pazzaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
The Other

scholarly journals Use of RAPD Markers to Analyze Genetic Variability of Introgressed Brassica Lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Md. Harun-Or-Rashid ◽  
Md. Shafikur Rahman ◽  
Sudhir Chandra Nath ◽  
S S R M Mahe Alam Sorwar ◽  
Md. Tanvir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Cross

Seven individuals of introgressed Brassica lines (Binasarisha-5/Daulot) and two of their parental lines were used for this study to estimate genetic variability using three randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (61AB10G1, 72AB10G12 and 73AB10T13). A total of 23 clear bands were scored, of which 21 (91.30%) bands were proved to be polymorphic. The highest proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values were 43.48% and 0.187, respectively in the line five of Binasarisha-5/Daulot. The lower proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values were 8.70% and 0.034; 8.70% and 0.026 in the line seven of the cross and one parent, Daulot, respectively. The co-efficient of gene differentiation (Gst) and gene flow (Nm) values were 0.677 and 0.237, found respectively from the Popgene analysis. Result of cluster analysis indicated that the nine accessions were capable of being classified into two major groups - one consists of only one parent Daulot (Brassica juncea) while another consists of Binasarisha-5 (Brassica napus) and all introgressed lines of C6 generation (treated with colchicine in C1 generation) resulted from the cross B. napus and B. juncea. Introgressed line seven and Binasarisha-5 showed the lowest genetic distance of 0.077. Higher similarity was found between Binasarisha-5 and introgressed progenies. Introgressed line one and Daulot showed the highest genetic distance of 0.709, which can be used as germplasm for breeding program that aim to improve Brassica. It was concluded that RAPD markers can be used for the study of molecular characterization and diversity in Brassica.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 122-133

Allozyme variation in three closely related species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta)

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
F.D. Danielyan ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Insular Populations

AbstractGenetic diversity at 37 allozyme loci was surveyed from Lacerta valentini (4 populations), L. portschinskii and L. rudis (1 population each). The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 (L. valentini) to 11 (L. rudis). Mean heterozygosity (direct count) ranged from 0.003 (L. valentini) to 0.071 (L. rudis). Nei's (1978) genetic distance ranged from 0-0.03 among populations of L. valentini, 0.127-0.163 between L. valentini and L. rudis and 0.366-0.487 between L. portschinskii and the two other taxa. Indices of genetic variability for species having disjunct distributions were lower than in species with contiguous distributions, similar to the case of insular populations, which have lower values than do mainland populations.

Genetic analysis of ten sheep breeds using microsatellite markers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
E. O'Reilly ◽  
C. Dollard ◽  
C.R. Kelsey Jr.
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

The genetic variability of 257 sheep from 10 breeds; North Country Cheviot (NCC), Cheviot (CHE), Dorset (DOR), Suffolk (SUF), Scottish Blackface (SBF), Texel (TEX), Romanov (ROM), Finnish Landrace (FIN), Icelandic (ICE) and Red Masai (MAS) was assessed using 10 microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.3 in ROM, 5.0 in MAS, and spanned a narrow range (5.4 to 6.0) in the other breeds. Estimates of expected heterozygosity (HE) of the breeds varied within 0.05 point of each other (0.62 in FIN to 0.67 in CHE), except for ROM (0.53) which was lower (P < 0.05) than those of the other breeds, and in MAS (0.57), which was lower (P < 0.05) than those of NCC, CHE and SBF. Estimates of observed heterozygosity (HO) of the breeds were the lowest in MAS, ROM and SUF (0.50 to 0.53) and the highest in NCC and CHE (0.64 and 0.67). The HE was greater (P < 0.01) than HO only in SUF. The results suggest that there have not been drastic losses of genetic variability in the intensely selected breeds. The low genetic variability of ROM was probably due to a small number of animals imported to North America. The British breeds (NCC, CHE, SUF, DOR, SBF) were genetically close to each other, as were the North European breeds (ROM, ICE, FIN). MAS was remotely related to the British breeds, but it was surprisingly close to the North European breeds. TEX was more closely related to the British breeds than to the North European breeds. More than 90% of 1000 simulated individuals from each breed were assigned to the correct breed, indicating that this panel of markers is useful for the identification of breed membership of individual animals, and could be used to protect the integrity of registered breeds. Key words: Sheep, genetic variability, genetic distance, microsatellites

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