Physiological responses and depression of humoral components of the immune system in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) following daily acute stress

Changes in the immune system indicators serum hemagglutinating activity, complement levels, antibody titer, and lymphocyte number and in the plasma levels of cortisol and glucose in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) indicated that stress was induced when fish were chased daily for 8 min with a hand-held net for 16 days. Plasma levels of cortisol and glucose were elevated after 1 day and cortisol remained above prestress levels throughout the experiment. The immune system was altered as indicated by lymphocytopenia and decreases in hemolytic activity, agglutination capacity, and antibody titer. As these results show, for the first time, that the complement system is depressed after stress, a routine complement analysis is suggested as an additional technique for assessing the health status of fish.

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Transient expression pattern of prolactin in Sparus aurata

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.0.0300069 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 69-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MJ Herrero-Turrion ◽

RE Rodriguez ◽

J Aijon ◽

JM Lara

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Development Stages ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

First Time ◽

Distinct Distribution ◽

Prl Gene

Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, the expression of the prolactin (PRL) gene was determined during development in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) for the first time. The mRNA for PRL was detected from the second day of the larval stage onwards. This transcript was also located in the adenohypophysial cells, starting at four days post-hatching and was found to be pituitary-specific. Moreover, the possible involvement of PRL in asynchronous growth in the cultivation of gilthead sea bream was also examined. No differences in the distribution of PRL cells were observed in the three sizes of juvenile gilthead sea bream studied. These results suggest that the transcription of PRL is involved in the early development stages of sea bream and that the asynchronous growth-related changes are not due to distinct distribution of PRL cells.

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Specific Evolution and Gene Family Expansion of Complement 3 and Regulatory Factor H in Fish

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.568631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Babak Najafpour ◽

João C. R. Cardoso ◽

Adelino V. M. Canário ◽

Deborah M. Power

Keyword(s):

Complement System ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Factor H ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Immune Gene ◽

Gene Repertoire ◽

Tandem Gene Duplication ◽

Hepatic Expression ◽

The Complement System

The complement system comprises a large family of plasma proteins that play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. To better understand the evolution of the complement system in vertebrates and the contribution of complement to fish immunity comprehensive in silico and expression analysis of the gene repertoire was made. Particular attention was given to C3 and the evolutionary related proteins C4 and C5 and to one of the main regulatory factors of C3b, factor H (Cfh). Phylogenetic and gene linkage analysis confirmed the standing hypothesis that the ancestral c3/c4/c5 gene duplicated early. The duplication of C3 (C3.1 and C3.2) and C4 (C4.1 and C4.2) was likely a consequence of the (1R and 2R) genome tetraploidization events at the origin of the vertebrates. In fish, gene number was not conserved and multiple c3 and cfh sequence related genes were encountered, and phylogenetic analysis of each gene generated two main clusters. Duplication of c3 and cfh genes occurred across the teleosts in a species-specific manner. In common, with other immune gene families the c3 gene expansion in fish emerged through a process of tandem gene duplication. Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), had nine c3 gene transcripts highly expressed in liver although as reported in other fish, extra-hepatic expression also occurs. Differences in the sequence and protein domains of the nine deduced C3 proteins in the gilthead sea bream and the presence of specific cysteine and N-glycosylation residues within each isoform was indicative of functional diversity associated with structure. The diversity of C3 and other complement proteins as well as Cfh in teleosts suggests they may have an enhanced capacity to activate complement through direct interaction of C3 isoforms with pathogenic agents.

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Dietary effects on insulin and glucagon plasma levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Aquaculture Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00580.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 166-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. ROJAS ◽

A. ALBALAT ◽

E. SANTIGOSA ◽

J. PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ ◽

S.J. KAUSHIK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Dietary Effects ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

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Stress effects of amyloodiniosis in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03199 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 (3) ◽

pp. 201-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Moreira ◽

M Herrera ◽

P Pousão-Ferreira ◽

JI Navas Triano ◽

F Soares

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Stress Effects

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Ingestion of plastic and non-plastic microfibers by farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at different life stages

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 782 ◽

pp. 146851

Author(s):

S. Savoca ◽

K. Matanović ◽

G. D'Angelo ◽

V. Vetri ◽

S. Anselmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Life Stages ◽

Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Carp Cyprinus Carpio

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Experimental Horizontal Transmission of Enterospora nucleophila (Microsporea: Enterocytozoonidae) in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 362

Author(s):

Amparo Picard-Sánchez ◽

M. Carla Piazzon ◽

Itziar Estensoro ◽

Raquel Del Pozo ◽

Nahla Hossameldin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Infected Fish ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Infection Level ◽

Available Information

Enterospora nucleophila is a microsporidian enteroparasite that infects mainly the intestine of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), leading to an emaciative syndrome. Thus far, the only available information about this infection comes from natural outbreaks in farmed fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether E. nucleophila could be transmitted horizontally using naturally infected fish as donors, and to establish an experimental in vivo procedure to study this host–parasite model without depending on natural infections. Naïve fish were exposed to the infection by cohabitation, effluent, or intubated either orally or anally with intestinal scrapings of donor fish in four different trials. We succeeded in detecting parasite in naïve fish in all the challenges, but the infection level and the disease signs were always milder than in donor fish. The parasite was found in peripheral blood of naïve fish at 4 weeks post-challenge (wpc) in oral and effluent routes, and up to 12 wpc in the anal transmission trial. Molecular diagnosis detected E. nucleophila in other organs besides intestine, such as gills, liver, stomach or heart, although the intensity was not as high as in the target tissue. The infection tended to disappear through time in all the challenge routes assayed, except in the anal infection route.

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