Variation of prolactin and β-Lactoglobulin genes in the Indonesian FH Cattle

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone, encoded by the prolactin (PRL) gene, synthesized and secreted by anterior pituitary, and affecting milk yield and composition. β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is the major whey proteinin the milk of ruminants. This study was conducted to identify the PRL and LGB genes polymorphism in the Indonesian FH cattle. A total of 139 individual cattle blood samples from West Java were used to obtain DNA samples through the DNA extraction process. Identification of the PRL and LGB genes was performed using PCR-RFLP method with RsaI (PRL gene) and HaeIII (BLG gene) restriction enzymes. The PRL gene was amplified using forward primer 5’-ccaaatccactgaattatgctt-3’ and reverse primer 5’-acagaaatcacctctctcattca-3’. The BLG gene was amplified using forward primer 5’-tgtgctggacaccgactacaaaaag-3’ and reverse primer 5’-gctcccggtatatgaccaccctct-3’. The PRL and BLG genes in the Indonesia FH cattle were polymorphic based on the PCR-RFLP analysis but the heterozygosity value was low. There were two alleles (G and A) and three genotypes (GG, GA, and AA) identified in the PRL gene of the Indonesian FH cattle with genotype frequencies were 0.914, 0.079, and 0,007 for GG, GA, and AA genotypes respectively. There were two genotypes (CC and CG) identified in the BLG gene with genotype frequencies were 0.91 (CC), and 0.09 (CG). Information about the PRL and BLG genes polymorphism in this study can be considered for further study to analyse its association with milk yield trait.

MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN

Изучена взаимосвязь аллельных вариантов генов пролактина и соматотропина с показателями молочной продуктивности коров черно-пестрой породы по 1 и 3 лактации. У первотелок, как и у полновозрастных животных, наиболее высокий удой (4642 и 6240 кг), количество молочного жира (174,1 и 215,0 кг) и молочного белка (149,0 и 182,5 кг) достигнуты в группе с генотипом PRL АА. По массовой доле жира и белка в молоке коровы с генотипом PRL ВВ достоверно превосходили животных с генотипом PRL АА на 0,12% (Р<0,05) и 0,05% (Р<0,05) соответственно. По гену соматотропина наибольший уровень молочной продуктивности выявлен у коров с генотипом GH LL при достоверном преимуществе над GH VV у первотелок по удою на 439 кг (Р<0,01), выходу молочного жира — на 13,6 кг (Р<0,001), выходу молочного белка — на 15,3 кг (Р<0,01). У полновозрастных коров превышение над остальными группами было только по удою — на 219—548 кг (Р<0,05). Наибольшая жирномолочность характерна животным с генотипом GH VV по 1 лактации — 3,83% и по 3 лактации — 3,82%, а лучшая белковомолочность — коровам, имеющим аллель V гена GH: 3,21 и 3,23% соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне молочной продуктивности у коров с генотипом PRL АА и GH LL, но лучшая жирномолочность и белковомолочность отмечены у особей, имеющих в своем генотипе аллели В гена PRL и V гена GH. The interrelation of allelic variants of prolactin and somatotropin genes with indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows for the 1st and 3rd lactation was studied. The highest milk yield (4642 and 6240 kg) amount of milk fat (174.1 and 215.0 kg) and milk protein (149.0 and 182.5 kg) were in the group with the PRL AA genotype in first-calf heifers as well as in full-age animals. In terms of the mass fraction of fat and protein of milk, the cows with the PRL BB genotype significantly exceeded animals with the PRL AA genotype by 0.12% (P<0.05) and 0.05% (P<0.05), respectively. According to the somatotropin gene, the highest level of milk productivity was revealed in cows with the GH LL genotype with a significant advantage over GH VV in first-calf heifers in milk yield by 439 kg (P<0.01), milk fat yield by 13.6 kg (P<0.001), milk protein yield by 15.3 kg (P<0.01). The excess over the other groups in full-age cows was only in terms of milk yield that was by 219-548 kg (P<0.05). The highest protein content of milk is a characteristic of animals with the GH VV genotype, 3.83% is for the 1st lactation and 3.82% is for the 3rd lactation, and the best protein content of milk in cows with V allele of the GH gene is 3.21 and 3.23%, respectively. The obtained data indicated a higher level of milk productivity in cows with the PRL AA and GH LL genotypes but the best fat and milk content was noted in cows with alleles B of the PRL gene and V of the GH gene in their genotype.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Prolactin Gene Is Associated With Clinical Aggressiveness and Outcome of Canine Mammary Malignant Tumors

Prolactin (PRL) is a key hormone involved in canine mammary development and tumorigenesis. In this study, the influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PRL gene (rs23932236) on the clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with canine mammary tumors (CMTs) was investigated. A total of 206 female dogs with spontaneous mammary tumors were enrolled in this study and circulating blood cells were genotyped. This specific SNP was associated with larger size (>3 cm diameter) for malignant tumors ( P = .036), tumors with infiltrative/invasive growth pattern ( P = .010), vascular invasion ( P = .006), and lymph node metastasis ( P = .004). Carriers of the variant allele had a shorter overall survival compared to the wild-type population with an overall survival of 18.7 months and 22.7 months, respectively ( P = .004). These findings suggest that SNP rs23932236 of canine PRL gene may be used as an indicator for the development of clinically aggressive forms of CMTs.

Short Communication: Prolactin and x-collagen genes polymorphism in Central Javanese local ducks, Indonesia

Susanti R, Yuniastuti A. 2020. Short Communication: Prolactin and x-collagen genes polymorphism in Central Javanese local ducks, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 605-610. Genetic conservation is an effective approach to preserve unique and protected species in Indonesia, including indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758). One of the most important things is an identification effort by studying genetic characteristics to support genetic resource conservation programs. This study aim was to analyze the genetic polymorphisms of Central Javanese local duck based on prolactin (PRL) and collagen-x (COLX) genes. A total of 35 local ducks in Central Java was collected as samples, the duck’s calamus feathers were taken for tissue DNA isolation. Polymorphism analysis of PRL and COLX genes were performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and PCR-RFLP method. The amplicons were then digested with DraI restriction enzyme (AhaIII) (5'TTT/ AAA) for PRL gene, and HaeIII (BsuRI) enzyme (5'GG/ CC-3 ') for COLX gene. The genotype was determined based on RFLP PCR amplicon band results from each target gene. For each gene, data on genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, expected heterozygosities (HE), and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed using PopGene32 software. Based on the PRL gene, there were 25 ducks (71.43%) with BB genotype and 10 ducks (28.57%) with AB genotype. While based on the COLX gene, as many as 25 ducks (71.43%) had TT genotypes, 9 ducks (25.71%) had TC types and 1 duck (1.86%) had CC types. Both PRL and COLX genotypes were clustered the Central Javanese local ducks into 5 haplotypes (A-E). The high allele frequency has belonged to B allele (85.71%) of the PRL gene and T allele (84.25%) of the COLX gene that showed high egg production and quality. Allele B (PRL gene) and T allele (COLX gene) could be predicted as weight eggs’ alleles marker.