Application of microsatellite DNA variation to estimation of stock composition and escapement of Nass River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D Beacham ◽  
Chris C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Large River ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mixed Stock

Spawning escapements of individual Pacific salmon stocks returning to remote spawning locations throughout large river systems can in theory be estimated by mixed-stock analysis of appropriately weighted samples from test fisheries near the river mouth. However, the feasibility of this approach has usually been limited by practical difficulties in identifying closely related populations within the same watershed. Microsatellite DNA techniques offer new promise for overcoming these limitations as illustrated for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Nass River of northern British Columbia. Variation at six microsatellite DNA loci (Omy77, Ots3, Ots100, Ots103, Ots107, and Ots108) was surveyed from about 1400 fish from nine stocks in the Nass River drainage as well as from 249 fish in a test fishery conducted in the lower river during 1996. Five stocks were surveyed in more than one year, and variation in allele frequencies among stocks was, on average, about 10 times greater than annual variation within stocks. Allele frequencies of stocks where the juveniles do not rear in lakes ("riverine" or "sea type") were more similar to each other compared with frequencies from lake-rearing stocks. Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed among most stocks at all loci. About 4.5% of observed variation over all loci was attributable to stock differentiation. Simulated mixed-stock samples suggested that the six microsatellite DNA loci surveyed should provide the ability to provide relatively accurate and precise estimates of stock composition when utilized for fishery management applications. The estimated proportion of Meziadin Lake sockeye salmon in the 1996 test fishery was about 73%, in close agreement with an estimate derived from direct tagging of fish in the test fishery.

Homing in Wild Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Populations as Inferred from Differences in Parasite Prevalance and Allozyme Allele Frequencies

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1963-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Quinn ◽  
C. C. Wood ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
B. E. Riddell ◽  
K. D. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

Although it is widely accepted that adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawn in their natal stream, there are few quantitative estimates of homing precision in wild populations. The prevalence of two myxosporean parasites, Myxobolus neurobius and Henneguya salminicola, indicated very precise homing in certain sockeye salmon (O. nerka) populations in British Columbia (Long and Owikeno lakes on the central coast and Sproat, Great Central, and Henderson lakes on Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island). These populations were also sampled for electrophoretic differences at 23 loci. Genetic differences were found among all five populations, and estimates of straying from these data corroborated the parasitological evidence that straying is rare (< 1%).

Microsatellite DNA variation in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792) populations of eastern Kamchatka

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
O. A. Pilganchuk ◽  
N. Yu. Shpigalskaya ◽  
V. V. Savenkov ◽  
O. N. Saravansky ◽  
G. V. Bazarkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Eastern Kamchatka

scholarly journals Importance of sample size for estimating prevalence: A case example of infectious hematopoietic necrosis viral RNA detection in mixed-stock Fraser River Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), British Columbia, Canada.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Laurin ◽  
Julia Bradshaw ◽  
Laura Hawley ◽  
Ian A. Gardner ◽  
Kyle A Garver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Mixed Stock

Proper sample size must be considered when designing infectious-agent prevalence studies for mixed-stock fisheries, because bias and uncertainty complicate interpretation of apparent (test)-prevalence estimates. Sample size varies between stocks, often smaller than expected during wild-salmonid surveys. Our case example of 2010-2016 survey data of Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from different stocks of origin in British Columbia, Canada, illustrated the effect of sample size on apparent-prevalence interpretation. Molecular testing (viral RNA RT-qPCR) for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNv) revealed large differences in apparent-prevalence across wild salmon stocks (much higher from Chilko Lake) and sampling location (freshwater or marine), indicating differences in both stock and host life-stage effects. Ten of the 13 marine non-Chilko stock-years with IHNv-positive results had small sample sizes (< 30 samples per stock-year) which, with imperfect diagnostic tests (particularly lower diagnostic sensitivity), could lead to inaccurate apparent-prevalence estimation. When calculating sample size for expected apparent prevalence using different approaches, smaller sample sizes often led to decreased confidence in apparent-prevalence results and decreased power to detect a true difference from a reference value.

Effects of Androgens, Estrogens, and Cortisol on the Skin, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, and Kidney in Gonadectomized Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Skin Atrophy ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Marked Atrophy

A study was made of the histological changes occurring in the skin, stomach, liver, pancreas and kidney of adult gonadectomized male and female sockeye salmon in response to hormone treatments. The males received 11-ketotestosterone, 17α-methyltestosterone or cortisol for 4 or 7 weeks, and the females received estradiol, estradiol cypionate, or cortisol for 8 weeks.In the males, androgen injection evoked a highly significant increase in the thickness of the epidermis, a marked atrophy of the stomach, and a degeneration in the liver and kidney. In the pancreas, the exocrine portion showed characteristics of cytolysis in the acini, whereas the islets of Langerhans were hypertrophied. These changes were generally more pronounced after 7 weeks than after 4 but, in the skin, no further increase in the thickening of the epidermis was noted after the 4th week of treatment. No differences between responses of these tissues to 11-ketotestosterone and 17α-methyltestosterosne were detected.Estrogen administration in the females evoked similar, albeit weaker, responses in the skin, stomach, pancreas, and kidney than those recorded in the androgen-treated males. The liver of the females exhibited the characteristics of a hyperactive organ, which probably reflects estrogen-induced vitellogenesis.The effects of cortisol were similar in both sexes: little, if any, change was noted in the skin; atrophy or degeneration was observed in the stomach, liver, kidney, and in the exocrine portion of the pancreas, and the islets of Langerhans were hypertrophied. The cortisol-induced alterations were not, however, as pronounced as those noted in either the androgen- or estrogen-treated fish.These changes are discussed in relation to the changes observed in normal sexually maturing and reproducing Pacific salmon.

Movements of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Skeena River Estuary as Revealed by Ultrasonic Tracking

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Groot ◽  
K. Simpson ◽  
I. Todd ◽  
P. D. Murray ◽  
G. A. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal Flows ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Passive Movements

Movements of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) entering the Skeena River were examined in 1969 and 1970 by ultrasonic tracking methods. Fifteen of 18 sockeye released in the lower river seemed to move passively in and out with flood and ebb streams. Two fish moved upstream independent of tides and one salmon swam against ebb and flood currents. Ground speeds in both years of operation were 1.6 km/h during rising and 2.1 km/h during falling tides, causing the fish to be transported downstream by about 3 km per tidal cycle. Three salmon released outside the river mouth in salt water also seemed to ride the tidal flows passively. Ground speeds during ebb (3.6 km/h) were again greater than during flood (2.0 km/h), indicating a net offshore movement. We conclude that these passive movements are not an artifact but that sockeye salmon normally slow down or pause upon reaching the "home river" and drift for a period in tidal currents in the estuary and river mouth before migrating upstream.

A hierarchical model for salmon run reconstruction and application to the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Flynn ◽  
André E Punt ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Process Error ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
River Test ◽  
Run Timing

The goal of spreading the annual catch of a Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) run proportionally across all segments of the migration is rendered difficult or impossible because of the interannual variability in both run size and run timing. This problem is particularly acute in the case of the fishery for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, for which traditional run reconstruction models are not applicable because of the extreme temporal compression of the run. We develop a run reconstruction model appropriate for sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay by accounting for the hierarchical structure of the problem and by including process error. Our results indicate that the hierarchical structure is, in fact, not necessary, whereas the process error parameters are needed to fit the data. We suggest further model development without the hierarchical structure, including incorporating in-river test fishing data. The results of our method can be used to address questions regarding environmental or intrinsic drivers of run timing and the possibility of artificial selection on run timing.

Spawning success of males using alternative mating tactics in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1785-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Foote ◽  
G S Brown ◽  
C C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
Sperm Volume ◽  
Spawning Success

Protein electrophoresis was used to determine the relative spawning success of jack sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, males when they joined spawnings of larger, older individuals in experimental enclosures in the natal stream, Pierre Creek, Babine Lake, British Columbia. We attempted to relate the results to distance of the jack from female before spawning and relative size of the jack to the alpha male. Further, we measured the relationships between relative gonad size and available sperm volume to body size to determine if sperm competition could also play a role in determining the relative spawning success of males. Jack spawning success was variable (3-93%) and not significantly different from that of large males, even though they were further from the female before spawning, had smaller gonads, and had less available sperm. Jack males were adept at sneaking, usually commencing spawning within a split second of the alpha male and always on the opposite, free, side of the spawning female. The results are related to various theories on the evolution of alternative mating strategies and tactics in Pacific salmon.

Experimental Harvest Policies for a Mixed-Stock Fishery: Fraser River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Mixed Stock

We investigated harvest strategies aimed at rebuilding the less abundant stocks of Fraser River sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Monte Carlo simulations were run to estimate catch under four different harvest policy designs and three alternative parameterizations of the Ricker model. A pooled regression model was fit to 34 yr of spawner–recruit data from the 10 major stocks of Fraser sockeye. Compared with estimating separate parameters for each stock, the pooled regression model resulted in a more precise estimate of the Ricker a parameter (productivity at low stock sizes). Exploitation rate for maximum sustainable yield depends only on the a parameter and is thus well defined by the pooled regression even though the corresponding optimal escapement levels remain uncertain. A reduction in harvest rates to 70% from the current average 80% increased the simulated 40-yr catch by 31%. More extreme harvest-rate reductions, involving 50% exploitation rates on some stocks for four generations, allowed faster rebuilding and further increases in catch. Extreme harvest-rate reductions were necessary to obtain a 0.5 or greater probability of correctly detecting increased escapements, should the less-abundant runs increase as expected.

Transmission of Myxobolus arcticus Pugachev and Khokhlov, 1979, a myxosporean parasite of Pacific salmon, via a triactinomyxon from the aquatic oligochaete Stylodrilus heringianus (Lumbriculidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kent ◽  
D. J. Whitaker ◽  
L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Myxosporean Parasite ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
The Brain

Laboratory transmission studies were conducted on Myxobolus arcticus, a myxosporean that infects the brain of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Attempts at transmission from fish to fish with spores of M. arcticus from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), including experiments with spores aged for up to 9 months in sterilized mud, were unsuccessful. Transmission was achieved when hatchery-reared (in well water) sockeye salmon fry were exposed to the oligochaete Stylodrilus heringianus collected from a lake where M. arcticus infections are common in this fish. All experimental fish exhibited the infection when examined 3 –4 months after exposure. Of 23 sockeye salmon fry exposed to triactinomyxon spores collected from naturally infected S. heringianus, 21 were found to be infected with M. arcticus spores when examined after 3 months. Thus, the life cycle of M. arcticus involves transformation into a triactinomyxon stage in S. heringianus. Alternate development of myxosporeans in aquatic oligochaetes has been established or implicated for nine other species of myxosporeans belonging to three families, but this is the first report of alternate development in a lumbriculid worm.

scholarly journals Stock-recruitment models, principles of management and rules for regulating the fishery on the main Chukotka stocks of sockeye and chum salmon

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-751
Author(s):  
E. A. Shevlyakov ◽  
M. G. Feldman ◽  
A. N. Kanzeparova
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Far East ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Recruitment Model

Fishery pressure on populations of pacific salmons has increased in the Rusian Far East in the last decade because of growing fishing and processing capacity, so measures for the fishery regulation are necessary, as the regime of pass days in rivers and marine coastal areas. Chukotka is now almost the only region where such restrictions are still absent. However, if the interest of fishery industry to the stocks of pacific salmon in Chukotka will grow, a successful scientifically based strategy of fishery should be developed to maintain exploitation of the stocks without exceeding the limits of excessive use. Year-to-year time series on spawning stock and recruitment of chum salmon in the Anadyr area and sockeye salmon in the Meynypilgyn area were analysed for development of recruitment models and establishment of general principles for adaptive fishery management. Nonlinear adaptive fishery management based on principles of buffer managing is proposed and tested under various regimes of landing using the stock simulation models accounting deviations from the standard stock-recruitment model. There is concluded that the level of exploitation is much lower than optimal for the Anadyr chum salmon, whereas escapement for spawning of the Meynypilgyn sockeye salmon should be increased in cases of low spawning stock of this species.

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