Chromosome landing near avirulence gene vH13 in the Hessian fly

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Dean Rider, Jr. ◽  
Weilin Sun ◽  
Roger H Ratcliffe ◽  
Jeffrey J Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Gene For Gene

AFLP markers in linkage disequilibrium with vH13, an avirulence gene in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) that conditions avirulence to resistance gene H13 in wheat (Triticum spp.), were discovered by bulked segregant analysis. Five AFLPs were converted into codominant site-specific markers that genetically mapped within 13 cM of this gene. Flanking markers used as probes positioned vH13 near the telomere of the short arm of Hessian fly chromosome X2. These results suggest that the X-linked avirulence genes vH6, vH9, and vH13 are present on Hessian fly chromosome X2 rather than on chromosome X1 as reported previously. Genetic complementation demonstrated that recessive alleles of vH13 were responsible for the H13-virulence observed in populations derived from four different states in the U.S.A.: Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington. Results support the hypothesis that a gene-for-gene interaction exists between wheat and Hessian fly.Key words: bulked segregant analysis, gene-for-gene interaction, wheat, Triticum, Mayetiola destructor.

Genetic mapping of Hessian fly avirulence gene vH6 using bulked segregant analysis

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Stuart ◽  
S J Schulte ◽  
P S Hall ◽  
K M Mayer
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), an important insect pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., has a gene-for-gene relationship with wheat: single genes in the insect condition avirulence to specific resistance genes in wheat. We report the discovery of the first molecular genetic marker that is tightly linked to a Hessian fly avirulence gene. This dominant DNA polymorphism (OPG15-1) was identified using bulked segregant analysis and arbitrary primers in polymerase chain reactions. Bulked segregant analysis was modified to accommodate the anomalous chromosome cycle of the Hessian fly. It was used to identify DNA polymorphisms linked to the gene (vH6) that confers avirulence to the resistance gene H6 in wheat. OPG15-1 was cloned and sequenced, and a pair of site-specific primers were designed that converted it into a codominant single-stranded conformational polymorphism. Both OPG15-1 and vH6 were shown to be X-linked, and the genetic distance between the two loci was 2.5 ± 2.5 cM. In situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of larval salivary glands indicated that OPG15-1 resides near the centromere of Hessian fly chromosome X1.Key words: Mayetiola destructor, avirulence gene, RAPD-PCR, bulked segregant analysis, single-stranded conformational polymorphism, SSCP, in situ hybridization.

Genetic mapping of Hessian fly avirulence gene vH6 using bulked segregant analysis

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Stuart ◽  
S.J. Schulte ◽  
P.S. Hall ◽  
K.M. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Avirulence Gene

Evidence on wheat for gene-for-gene relationship between formae speciales of Erysiphe graminis and genera of gramineous plants

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tosa
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Gramineous Plant ◽  
Hybrid Culture ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Gene For Gene

The avirulence of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. agropyri, Ak-1, on Triticum aestivum 'Norin 4' is conditioned by two major genes. When an F2 population derived from the cross between 'Norin 4' and a susceptible cultivar was inoculated with F1 hybrids between Ak-1 and E. graminis f.sp. tritici, Tk-1, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in either a 15:1 or a 3:1 ratio. The F1 cultures producing a 15:1 segregation and those producing a 3:1 segregation occurred in a ratio of 1:2. These results suggested that the resistance of 'Norin 4' to Ak-1 is conditioned by two major genes corresponding to the two avirulence genes. 'Norin 4' carries a resistance gene, Pm10, which operates on an F1 hybrid culture, Gw-34, but not on another F1 culture, Gw-180. Triticum compactum 'No. 44' carries another resistance gene, Pm11, which operates on Gw-180 but not on Gw-34. When these cultivars were inoculated with F2 cultures derived from the cross Gw-34 × Gw-180, avirulent and virulent cultures segregated in a 1:1 ratio. The segregation patterns on the two cultivars were independent. These results indicated that, for each of Pm10 and Pm11, there is one corresponding avirulence gene. These genes were considered to be derived from the wheatgrass mildew fungus, Ak-1. The two series of experiments strongly suggest that the forma specialis – genus specificity in the E. graminis – gramineous plant system follows the gene-for-gene theory.Key words: powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis, wheat, wheatgrass.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to the alm1 Avirulence Gene of Leptosphaeria maculans

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patchara Pongam ◽  
Thomas C. Osborn ◽  
Paul H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Gene For Gene

A gene-for-gene interaction was previously suggested by mapping of a single major locus (LEM 1) controlling cotyledon resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans isolate PHW1245 in Brassica napus cv. Major. In this study, we obtained further evidence of a gene-for-gene interaction by studying the inheritance of the corresponding avirulence gene in L. maculans isolate PHW1245. The analysis of segregating F1 progenies and 14 test crosses suggested that a single major gene is involved in the interaction. This putative avirulence gene was designated alm1 after the resistance locus identified in B. napus. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to generate a rudimentary genetic linkage map of the L. maculans genome and to locate markers linked to the putative avirulence locus. Two flanking AFLP markers, AC/TCC-1 and AC/CAG-5, were linked to alm1 at 3.1 and 8.1 cM, respectively. Identification of markers linked to the avirulence gene indicated that the differential interaction is controlled by a single gene difference between parental isolates and provides further support for the gene-for-gene relationship in the Leptosphaeria-Brassica system.

scholarly journals BSA-Seq Discovery and Functional Analysis of Candidate Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) Avirulence Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Navarro-Escalante ◽  
Chaoyang Zhao ◽  
Richard Shukle ◽  
Jeffrey Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Avirulence Genes

scholarly journals Genetics of resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) [Diptera : Cecidomyiida] biotype L in diploid wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Sharma ◽  
H.W. Ohm ◽  
F.L. Patterson ◽  
O. Benlhabib ◽  
S. Cambron
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Resistant Accession ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Segregation Ratios

Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is a serious pest of wheat (Triticum spp.) and of the reported biotypes of Hessian fly, biotype L is described as the most virulent. Inheritance of resistance to Hessian fly biotype L was investigated in crosses of a resistant accession of Triticum monococcum, and two susceptible accessions of T. monococcum and one susceptible accession of T. boeoticum, all diploid wheats. F2 and testeross (backeross) families were classified for reaction to Hessian fly in the seedling stage and analysed by Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests for genetic segregation ratios of resistant or segregating families to susceptible families. Resistance was found to be simply inherited, controlled by one or two genes. This is the first report on the inheritance of resistance to Hessian fly in A-genome diploid wheats, and simple genetic control indicates possibility of transfer of this trait to cultivated wheats.

scholarly journals Avirulence gene mapping in the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) reveals a protein phosphatase 2C effector gene family

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Zhao ◽  
Richard Shukle ◽  
Lucio Navarro-Escalante ◽  
Mingshun Chen ◽  
Stephen Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 2C ◽  
Effector Gene

Molecular genetic mapping of three X-linked avirulence genes, vH6, vH9 andvH13, in the Hessian fly

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Schulte ◽  
S D Rider, Jr. ◽  
J H Hatchett ◽  
J J Stuart
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Hessian Fly Resistance ◽  
Relationship Of

Three X-linked avirulence genes, vH6, vH9, and vH13 in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, confer avirulence to Hessian fly resistance genes H6, H9, and H13 in wheat. We used a combination of two- and three-point crosses to determine the order of these genes with respect to each other, the white eye mutation and three X-linked molecular markers, G15-1, 020, and 021, developed from genomic lambda clones, λG15-1, λ020, and λ021. The gene order was determined to be vH9-vH6-G15-1-w-vH13-020-021. In situ hybridization of λG15-1, λ020, and λ021, on the polytene chromosomes of the Hessian fly salivary gland established their orientation on Hessian fly chromosome X1. Based on the size of the Hessian fly genome, and the genetic distances between markers, the relationship of physical to genetic distance was estimated at no more than 300 kb/cM along Hessian fly chromosome X1, suggesting that map-based cloning of these avirulence genes will be feasible.Key words: Mayetiola destructor, avirulence genes, genetic map, SSCP, in situ hybridization.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Locus Rmo2 Conditioning Resistance in Barley to Host-Specific Subgroups of Magnaporthe oryzae

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga ◽  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Izumi Chuma ◽  
Gang-Su Hyon ◽  
Kazuma Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Crosses ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Common Parent

Barley cultivars show various patterns of resistance against isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae and M. grisea. Genetic mechanisms of the resistance of five representative barley cultivars were examined using a highly susceptible barley cultivar, ‘Nigrate’, as a common parent of genetic crosses. The resistance of the five cultivars against Setaria, Oryza, Eleusine, and Triticum isolates of M. oryzae was all attributed to a single locus, designated as Rmo2. Nevertheless, the Rmo2 locus in each cultivar was effective against a different range of isolates. Genetic analyses of pathogenicity suggested that each cultivar carries an allele at the Rmo2 locus that recognizes a different range of avirulence genes. One allele, Rmo2.a, corresponded to PWT1, which conditioned the avirulence of Setaria and Oryza isolates on wheat, in a gene-for-gene manner. The other alleles, Rmo2.b, Rmo2.c, and Rmo2.d, corresponded to more than one avirulence gene. On the other hand, the resistance of those cultivars to another species, M. grisea, was conditioned by another locus, designated as Rmo3. These results suggest that Rmo2 is effective against a broad range of blast isolates but is specific to M. oryzae. Molecular mapping revealed that Rmo2 is located on the 7H chromosome.

scholarly journals Evolution of views on plant immunity: from Flor’s “gene-for-gene” theory to the “zig-zag model” developed by Jones and Dangl

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-438
Author(s):  
T. N. Shafikova ◽  
Yu. V. Omelichkina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Pathogen Effector ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Gene For Gene

The study of plant defence mechanisms in response to pathogens in the mid-20th century resulted in Harold Flor’s gene-for-gene interaction hypothesis, which became recognised as central to the study of phytoimmunity. According to this theory, the outcome of interactions in plant – pathogen phytopathosystems – i.e. compatibility or incompatibility – is controlled genetically in interacting organisms and determined by the presence of specific genes in both pathogen and plant: resistance genes in the plant and avirulence genes in pathogen. The latest achievements in phytoimmunology, obtained with the help of modern molecular biology and bioinformatics methods, have made a significant contribution to the classical understanding of plant immunity and provided grounds for a modern concept of phytoimmunity consisting in the “zig-zag model” developed by Jonathan Jones and Jefferey Dangl. Plant immunity is currently understood as being determined by an innate multi-layer immune system involving various structures and mechanisms of specific and non-specific immunity. Recognition by plant membrane receptors of conservative molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, as well as molecules produced during cell wall disruption by pathogen hydrolytic enzymes forms a basic non-specific immune response in the plant. Detection of pathogen effector molecules by plant intra-cellular receptors triggers a specific effector-triggered immunity, resulting in the development of the hypersensitive response, systemic resistance and immune memory of the plant. Virulence factors and pathogen attack strategies on the one hand, and mechanisms of plant immune protection on the other, are the result of one form of constant co-evolution, often termed an “evolutionary arms race”. This paper discusses the main principles of Flor's classical “gene-for-gene interaction” theory as well as the molecular-genetic processes of plant innate immunity, their mechanisms and participants in light of contemporary achievements in phytoimmunology.

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