GENETIC STUDIES ON THREE STALK TRAITS IN MAIZE USING CHROMOSOMAL INTERCHANGES

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Kang ◽  
M. S. Zuber ◽  
Oval Myers Jr. ◽  
T. R. Colbert
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Stalk Lodging

Yield losses due to stalk-lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) have been estimated at 5 to 25% annually. Information on chromosomal arms carrying gene(s) favorable to stalk-quality improvement would be useful to maize breeders. Reciprocal chromosomal translocations (interchanges) were used to locate genes for three stalk-quality traits, viz, stalk-section weight, crushing strength, and rind thickness, in two inbred lines (B14A and B37) with excellent stalk-quality, using two testers (Oh43 and N31) with poor stalk-quality. Genes conditioning stalk-section weight were located in nearly all the ten linkage groups. Six and seven chromosome arms were found to carry gene(s) for stalk crushing strength in B14A and B37, respectively. Rind thickness was found to be controlled by four chromosome arms in B37 and possibly by two arms in B14A. This information may be helpful to maize breeders in improving stalk-quality in maize by transferring favorable chromosome arms by means of chromosomal interchanges. Certain chromosome arms could not be conclusively ruled out. Additional translocations involving each of the following chromosome arms should be studied for this purpose: 1L, 3L, 5S, 6S, 8S, 10S, and 10L. The shriveled (semi-sterile) versus non shriveled (fertile) anther classification method could be reliably used to determine semi-sterility and fertility in a normal growing season.

scholarly journals First Report of Puccinia polysora on Corn in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hernández ◽  
M. Yasem de Romero ◽  
C. G. Díaz ◽  
J. C. Ramallo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northwest Argentina ◽  
Puccinia Polysora

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in northwest Argentina but acreage has declined over the last several years due to disease problems. During the 2000 to 2001 growing season, leaf diseases were observed on corn growing in northeastern Tucumán Province (Departamiento Leales), which resulted in yield losses. One of the most prevalent diseases was caused by a rust fungus that produced both uredinial and telial stages. At the time of flowering 32% of the leaf area was infected, and 3 weeks later 69% was infected. Three rust fungi are known from corn (2), and this fungus was identified as Puccinia polysora Underw. based on the morphology of the two types of sori and spores (1). Although known from most tropical and subtropical regions, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. polysora in Argentina (voucher BPI 841342). Tucumán Province, where the disease was observed, is a subtropical region with temperatures during the growing season >24°C and a relative humidity >90%. P. polysora has not been observed in the Pampas Humedas, the corn belt of Argentina, possibly because the area is more temperate than northwest Argentina and therefore the environment is not conducive to disease development or perhaps P. polysora has not been introduced into the region. References: (1) G. B. Cummins. The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971. (2) J. K. Pataky. Rusts. Pages 35–38 in: Compendium of Corn Diseases, 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999.

scholarly journals Contributions of Dent Corn Germplasm to Stalk and Root Quality in Sweet Corn

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-889
Author(s):  
C.L. Treat ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Root Lodging ◽  
Stalk Lodging ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Root Quality

Root or stalk lodging can be a serious problem in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production. Four dent corn inbreds, crossed to five sweet corn inbreds in a design II mating system, and a half diallel with five sweet corn inbreds were used to 1) determine the effect and potential contribution of dent corn germplasm on stalk and root quality traits in sweet corn, 2) examine the variation for stalk and root quality traits in some sweet corn germplasm, and 3) evaluate the utility of traits used in improving dent corn root and stalk quality in sweet corn improvement. The dent corn germplasm used in this study had a favorable affect on stalk and root quality in the dent × sweet hybrids. Compared to the sweet × sweet hybrids, the dent × sweet hybrids had significantly higher stalk crushing strength and stalk soluble carbohydrates, while having significantly less stalk lodging. The mean stalk lodging for the dent × sweet hybrids was 4.4%, while the sweet × sweet hybrids averaged 18.7%. Within the diallel, effects due to hybrids were highly significant for stalk section weight, rind thickness, and stalk diameter. Percent stalk lodging was negatively correlated with stalk section weight [r = (-0.63), P ≤ 0.05] and crushing strength [r = (-0.64), P ≤ 0.05]. No traits were significantly correlated with root lodging within the sweet corn crosses. Dent corn has potential as a source of improved stalk and root quality in sweet corn.

scholarly journals Reaction of susceptible maize inbred lines to herbicides

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-774
Author(s):  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov ◽  
Milan Brankov ◽  
Jelena Srdic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Production

Maize production is inconceivable without herbicide application, and certainly depends on crop susceptibility. Some injuries could be induced by herbicides, what could result in yield losses. This is especially prominent in maize seed production, due to the lines susceptibility to various stressful conditions, including herbicides. Crop response to herbicide application could include whole range of different biochemical reactions such as alterations in content of various metabolites and antioxidants. The experiment was conducted to examine the response of three sensitive maize lines (sugary, popcorn and white kernel maize) to herbicides from sulfonylurea and triketone groups, during the period after herbicide application, when visual injuries are the most obvious and in correlation with grain yield. Variations in soluble proteins, phytic and inorganic phosphorus content, as important metabolites, were followed. The variations in soluble proteins and particularly phytic and inorganic phosphorus content are linked to the expression of susceptibility to herbicides in examined maize lines. Growing season had significant influence on susceptibility. In 2015, as unfavourable season, line ZPT165b expressed the highest susceptibility, having the highest values of examined metabolites at the beginning of experiment. All applied herbicides increased grain yield in 2014, but in 2015 nicosulfuron expressed the lowest selectivity, by decreasing grain yield and soluble proteins up to the 21th day after herbicide application, when compared to control.

Robustness of QTLs across germplasm pools using a model quantitative trait

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Lee ◽  
J. M. Staebler ◽  
C. Grainger ◽  
M. E. Snook
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Simplistic Model ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Flavone Synthesis

Knowledge of the inheritance of C-glycosyl flavone synthesis in maize ( Zea mays L.) silk tissues has been acquired through detailed genetic studies involving primarily germplasm from the Corn Belt Dent race. To test the robustness of this genetic knowledge, we examined C-glycosyl flavone synthesis in a genetically distinct germplasm pool, popcorn. C-glycosyl flavone profiles and levels and the involvement of three specific genes/quantitative trait loci (p, pr1, and sm1) in C-glycosyl flavone synthesis were examined in popcorn germplasm representing at least two races and various diverse geographic regions. Twenty-four inbred lines and 23 hybrids involving these inbred lines and inbred line R17 were characterized for their flavone profiles and levels in silk tissues. Two F2 mapping populations were constructed to examine the involvement of p, pr1, and sm1 on C-glycosyl flavone synthesis. C-glycosyl flavone levels threefold higher than previously reported in Corn Dent Belt materials and a novel class of compounds were discovered. The gene action of sm1 was different, the functional p allele was not always dominant, and pr1 did not affect maysin synthesis. Based on this rather simplistic “model” quantitative trait, it appears that caution should be exercised when attempting to apply quantitative trait locus knowledge accumulated in one germplasm base to a germplasm base that is known to be distinctly unique.

Inheritance of Crushing Strength and Rind Thickness in Several Inbred Lines of Corn 1

Crop Science ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Loesch ◽  
M. S. Zuber ◽  
C. O. Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Crushing Strength

The "reindeer" mutation and a revision of linkage groups V and X in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Group V ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Dominant Mutants

Reindeer (Rd) is a dominant mutation affecting antenna morphology in the tenebrionid flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In contrast with most dominant mutants previously described for this species, homozygotes are fully viable, thus making Rd very useful for genetic studies. Rd is tentatively assigned to either linkage group IX or X. Abbreviated appendages (aa), formerly placed in linkage group X, is reassigned to linkage group V on the basis of demonstrated linkage to jet (j).Key words: Tribolium, mutation Rd, linkage, antenna morphology.

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