Recurrent selection in doubled-haploid populations of barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
E. Reinbergs ◽  
S. O. Fejer
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Dh Lines

Cycle zero (C0) of recurrent selection in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was initiated by diallel mating of seven highly selected parents. A total of 398 doubled-haploid (C0DH) lines were derived from 21 crosses and were evaluated along with their parents in C0 experiment. Seven doubled-haploid lines (DH) were selected from the cycle zero (C0) experiment and intercrossed to form cycle 1 (C1). From the 21 crosses of the diallel, 260 doubled-haploid lines (C1DH) were derived and were evaluated along with the C0 and C1 parents. The frequency distribution of the standardized means of the DH lines from C0 and C1 indicated a slight response to selection for seed yield. Genetic analysis of the C1DH population showed high additive genetic variance for yield per hill, plant height, and yield per spike, and a high proportion of additive × additive epistasis for spikes per hill, days to heading, and 100-seed weight. Seven doubled-haploid lines were selected from different high-yielding crosses represented by C1DH lines. High selection pressure was applied for yield per hill, yield per spike, and spikes per hill. Further response to selection is expected in later cycles. The seven selected doubled-haploid lines will be used as the parents of the next recurrent selection cycle.Key words: recurrent selection, doubled haploids, additive, epistasis, heritability, Hordeum.

COMPARAISON ENTRE DES LIGNEES PEDIGREES ET DES LIGNEES HAPLOIDES DOUBLEES CHEZ L’ORGE (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE TURCOTTE ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
KEH MING HO
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Time Required

Pedigree and doubled haploid lines from seven crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were compared over 2 years. The lines were tested, in a randomized complete block design, in row plots at Ste-Foy in 1977 and in hill plots at Brawley, California in 1978. There are significant differences between the two methods of pure line production for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, resistance to lodging and date of maturity. Furthermore, these significant differences between doubled haploid and pedigree lines seem to be tied to wide crosses. After showing that doubled haploids are superior for resistance to lodging, we conclude that the use of doubled haploid lines must be seriously considered in a barley breeding program on the basis of improved selection efficiency and the short time required to get homozygous lines.

THE EFFICIENCY OF USING DOUBLED HAPLOIDS IN A RECURRENT SELECTION PROGRAM IN A DIPLOID, CROSS-FERTILIZED SPECIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
L. W. Kannenberg
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Selection Intensities

Mass selection in both doubled haploid and diploid populations was simulated for a 30-year period under additive and complete dominance models. The response to S1 selection was also included for the purpose of comparison. All selection programs were conducted at two selection intensities, 5% and 25%, under 0.2 heritability with a constant population size of 400. S1 lines were evaluated in 10-plant plots with four replications; use of a winter nursery was assumed. The character under selection was controlled by 20 major (A = 2) genes and 20 minor (A = 1) genes. The initial frequency of ten of the major genes and ten of the minor genes was 0.5; that of the remaining ten of each type was 0.1. The response to mass selection with doubled haploids was about 1.4 times faster than diploid mass selection and equal to S1 selection in terms of gain per year. If replicated trials were used to evaluate the doubled haploids, the rate of gain was faster than in S1 selection. The greater efficiency of using doubled haploids was due to doubling of the additive genetic variance and the elimination of dominance variance. However, significant loss of desirable genes occurred in the mass selected doubled haploid population under both the 5% and 25% selection intensities in the additive and complete dominance models.

DOUBLED HAPLOIDS FOR ESTIMATING ADDITIVE EPISTATIC GENETIC VARIANCES IN SELF-POLLINATING CROPS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines

In this study it was shown that besides additive and additive × additive genetic variances, additive × additive × additive genetic variance can also be estimated from a diallel experiment in which each cross is represented by a number of doubled haploid lines.

Cytogenetic studies of progenies from crosses between 'Centurk' wheat and its doubled haploids derived from anther culture

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan S. Youssef ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
C. M. Papa
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
A Minor

Karyotype stability, which is essential when using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploids in a breeding program, was evaluated in 14 anther-derived doubled-haploid lines after at least three generations of selfing, by crossing them as females with the parent cultivar 'Centurk' and doing cytological studies on the progenies. There were no deviations from the hexaploid chromosome number (2n = 42) in root tips. Meiotic chromosome pairing was as stable as that in the control ('Centurk' × 'Centurk') in most progenies. Chromosomal structural changes and (or) behavioral deviations were detected at the metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, and quartet stages of meiosis in a minor proportion of the cells. The frequencies of multivalents, lagging bivalents and univalents, bridges, and micronuclei were higher in some progenies than in the control. Chromosomal fragments were infrequent. The ranges in percentages of normal cells were 72.4–90.0 at anaphase I, 76.4–92.6 at telophase I, and 82.6–93.2 at quartet stages in the doubled-haploid progenies, compared with 95–100, 92–100, and 94–96, respectively, in the control. On the basis of these results, the doubled-haploid lines should produce enough normal gametes to provide adequate seed supplies when they are used as parents in wheat cultivar and population improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chromosome pairing, chromosome aberrations, gametoclonal variation.

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kranthi Kumar ◽  
N C Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Differential Methylation ◽  
Rdna Repeat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Parental Combination

Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

scholarly journals In vitro androgenesis in triticale

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Oksana Ivanovna Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
In Vitro Androgenesis

Abstract The technology for in vitro anther culturing was optimized in hexaploid triticale using combination of external factors that allowed to obtain more than 100 doubled haploid lines. Investigation of genetic variation among anther culture derived doubled haploids of triticale showed the occurrence of heterozygous plants.

scholarly journals Generation of doubled haploid lines from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding material using in vitro anther culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Osama Zuhair Kanbar ◽  
Csaba Lantos ◽  
Paul Karumba Chege ◽  
Erzsébet Kiss ◽  
János Pauk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Dh Lines

We investigated the anther culture (AC) efficiency of thirteen F<sub>4</sub> combinations of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The genotype dependency was assessed during the induction of the androgenic entities, i.e. embryo-like structures (ELS), regenerated-, green-, albino-, and transplanted plantlets. The number of green plantlets per 100 anthers (GP/100A) varied from 0.36 to 24.74 GP/100A with a mean of 8.31 GP/100A. Albino plantlets (AP) occurred in each combination, ranging from 0.20 to 22.80 AP/100A with an average value of 5.59 AP/100A. Between 25–87.76 doubled haploid (DH) plants per 100 acclimatised plantlets (DH/100ADP), depending on the combination, with a mean of 59.74% were recovered. We have found the highest DH production in the combinations Béres/Midas, Kalász/Tacitus, Béres/Pamier, and Premio/5009. This improves remarkably the choice of basic genetic material in subsequent crossing programmes. These observations emphasise the usability and efficiency of in vitro AC in producing a large number of DH lines for breeding and the applied researches of winter wheat. Although albinism was found in each combination, it was mitigated by the in vitro AC application.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON POLYEMBRYONY IN CROSSES BETWEEN TWINNING AND NONTWINNING LINES OF FLAX

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
L. A. WEERASENA
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twinning Frequency

A recurrent selection program was initiated using the polyembryony character found in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) to produce haploids that could then be used to create doubled haploid lines. Observations from this programme show that using the haploid member of a twin seedling as the female parent in crosses to the diploid male is not as efficient as using its diploid twin as the female parent. Previous work has suggested that in lines carrying the polyembryony character, bolls containing fewer than 10 seeds, which is the maximum number in flax, were more likely to contain a seed that would give rise to a twin seedling. In this study twin seedlings were obtained from seed of bolls containing from 1 to 10 seeds, and bolls with 10 seeds were often as good a source of twin seedlings as those with nine seeds or fewer. There was no significant difference in the twinning frequency of F2 seed of crosses between twinning and nontwinning lines (range 0.8–1.9%) but these same crosses were significantly different in twinning frequency in doubled haploid lines (range 1.1–7.9%). The twinning frequency of individual doubled haploid lines within crosses varied from 0.4 to 20.3%.Key words: Flax, haploid breeding, polyembryony, Linum usitatissimum

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