Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Hordeum taxa from North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Linde-Laursen ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Niels Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Partial Inactivation ◽  
Pattern Polymorphism ◽  
Nucleolus Organizers

Giemsa C-banding patterns of Hordeum pusillum, H. intercedens, H. brachyantherum (2x, 4x, 6x), H. jubatum, H. arizonicum, and H. depressum (2x and 4x) were rather similar, with mostly small to very small bands with no preferential disposition. The use of C-banding patterns did not improve the level of identification of taxa beyond that reached by the use of chromosome morphology. Widespread banding-pattern polymorphism prevented a reliable identification of homologues among populations based on this character alone. Chromosome length did not differentiate taxa. The ratio longest/shortest chromosome was remarkably constant over taxa, only differentiating the race of H. brachyantherum (4x) from Newfoundland, H. arizonicum, and H. depressum (4x). Marker chromosome morphology suggested the presence of one genome common to all taxa. A further but different genome was common to the perennial polyploids, indicating an alloploid origin and a close relationship calling into question the biological relevance of some sectional divisions in Hordeum. A number of intraspecific chromosome polymorphisms were observed rendering the number of marker chromosomes, a poor diagnostic marker. A pair of relatively shorter submetacentrics than previously reported in Hordeum distinguished the genomes of H. arizonicum and H. brachyantherum (4x) from Newfoundland. A partial inactivation of the nucleolus organizers of one parental genome in interspecific hybrids is considered more common than generally appreciated.Key words: C-banding, karyotype, Hordeum.

Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Hordeum marinum and H. murinum

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ib Linde-Laursen ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Niels Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Pattern Polymorphism ◽  
Hordeum Species

Giemsa C-banding patterns of the predominantly self-pollinating, annual species Hordeum marinum (2x, 4x) and H. murinum (2x, 4x, 6x) showed mostly very small to small bands at centromeric and telomeric positions, at one or both sides of the nucleolar constrictions, and at intercalary positions with no preferential disposition. A similar distribution of bands has been observed in other Hordeum species, suggesting that the pattern is the basic one in the genus Hordeum. Hordeum murinum, especially the hexaploid cytotype, was distinguished from H. marinum by having more numerous and more conspicuous bands, resulting in a significantly higher percentage of constitutive heterochromatin (9–17 vs. 4–8%). The differences in C-banding patterns supported by differences in chromosome morphology confirm that H. marinum and H. murinum are not closely related. Banding-pattern polymorphism was prevalent among populations but unobserved within populations. In spite of this polymorphism, banding patterns in combination with chromosome morphology identified homologous chromosomes of different populations of a taxon and indicated that the chromosome complements of the polyploids of both species comprised the genome of the related diploid as well as one or two "unidentified" genomes. This agrees with an alloploid origin of polyploids. The C-banding patterns of H. marinum ssp. marinum and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (2x) showed some divergence in spite of the close relationship. The C-banded karyotypes of H. murinum ssp. murinum and H. murinum ssp. leporinum (4x) were very similar, supporting conspecificity. Chromosome lengths and longest/shortest chromosome ratios were fairly similar to those previously published, supporting the conclusion that linear relationships of chromosomes are normally stable within genomes. The taxonomy of the two species is discussed.Key words: C-banding, karyotypes, Hordeum.

scholarly journals KARYOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE CHILEAN RHATANY Krameria cistoidea HOOK. & ARN. (KRAMERIACEAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
C. Palma Rojas ◽  
P. Jara Seguel ◽  
M. García ◽  
E. von Brand ◽  
C. Araya Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
C Banding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Karyotype Morphology ◽  
Two Populations

The karyotype of the plant species Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. was studied by assessing chromosome characters such as morphology, size, and C-banding pattern. The karyotype of K. cistoidea was composed only by metacentric chromosomes in the two populations studied. The haploid set length was 51.9±2.3 µm and the mean chromosome size was 8.68±0.78 µm. Some similarities in chromosome morphology and size can be observed among K. cistoidea and K. triandra, in addition to the chromosome number 2n=12 which is conserved within the genus. K. cistoidea exhibited a symmetric banding pattern with large C-bands in the telomeres of the short and long arms of all chromosomes, except the short arm of pair 1. The relative length of the C-bands was 23.5% of the total haploid set length. These cytological results on K. cistoidea are the first data on quantitative karyotype morphology and C-banding patterns in the genus Krameria. Key words: Krameria, karyotype, C-banding

Analysis of karyotypes and Giemsa C-banding patterns in eight species of Arachis

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Cai ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Interspecific Relationship ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Structural Differences

The karyotypes and Giemsa C-banding patterns of the chromosomes in eight species of Arachis L. have been studied. Six species are diploid with 20 chromosomes and two are tetraploid with 40 chromosomes. One diploid species (A. rigonii Krap. et Greg.) belongs to the sect. Erectoides and the rest belong to the sect. Arachis. Among the diploid species from the sect. Arachis, A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg, has a unique karyotype while others have similar karyotypes. Two tetraploid species, A. monticola Krap. et Greg, and A. hypogaea L., possess the most similar karyotypes. However, the diploid species, A. rigonii, from sect. Erectoides, has a karyotype distinguishable from those in sect. Arachis. The C-banding patterns of the chromosomes have been obtained for all the species. The centromeric bands have been found in all the chromosomes and the intercalary bands can be identified in a varied number of chromosomes among these complements. However, the telomeric bands only exist in one or two chromosomes. The comparison of banding patterns demonstrated that structural differences exist among the chromosomal complements of the species with similar chromosome morphology. The karyotype variation among the different species and interspecific relationship are discussed. It is suggested that all the diploid species with the A genome are closely related. There are close relationships between the tetraploid species and diploid species with the A or B genome within sect. Arachis. Key words: Arachis, cytology, karyotypes, Giemsa C-banding.

The influence of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. J. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Sister Chromatids

It is well known that there is a strong influence of fixation, i.e., acetic methanol versus formaldehyde, on the chromosome morphology at stages of the first meiotic division. In this study the influence of both these types of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes was examined in human lymphocytes. After methanol – acetic acid (3:1) fixation, the chromosomes show the "classical" condensed shape in which it is not always possible to recognize the two sister chromatids. These chromosomes are accessible to the conventional G-, R-, and C-banding techniques. After formaldehyde fixation at a relatively high pH, the chromosomes are thinner and longer (two to six times) when compared with chromosomes following methanol – acetic acid fixation. They show a scaffold-like morphology, sometimes with a halo of thin material around it. In all cases the two sister chromatids could be recognized. This chromosome structure could be easily stained with silver, Giemsa, 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), and fluorescein isocyanate isomere 1 (FITC). The results obtained following these stainings gave no indication to any specific chemical composition of a probable central scaffold. The scaffold-like structures were not accessible to G-, R-, or C-banding techniques. The only effect observed following these banding techniques was the disappearance of the halo of thin material around the central scaffold-like structure.Key words: chromosome structure, fixation influence, human lymphocytes.

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Giemsa C-banding in Asiatic taxa of Hordeum section Stenostachys with notes on chromosome morphology

Hereditas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB LINDE-LAURSEN ◽  
ROLAND BOTHMER ◽  
NIELS JACOBSEN
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
C Banding

Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Zhi Wei ◽  
W. F. Campbell ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
R. Ruey-Chyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), is an important forage grass and a potential source of germplasm for cereal crop improvement. Because of genetic heterogeneity as a result of its self-incompatibility, it is difficult to identify trisomics of this diploid species based on morphological characters alone. Putative trisomies (2n = 2x + 1 = 15), derived from open pollination of a triploid plant by pollen grains of diploid plants, were characterized by Giemsa C-banding. Based on both karyotypic criteria and C-banding patterns, four of the seven possible primary trisomics, a double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomics were identified.Key words: Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea, trisomic, C-banding, karyotype.

Redescription of the karyotype of five species of the family Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) from central area of Argentina

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baraquet ◽  
Julián Valetti ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Adolfo Martino
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula

AbstractIn this study karyotypic features of the five species of the family Bufonidae from the central area of Argentina are described. The species are Rhinella achalensis, Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella fernandezae, Rhinella schneideri and Melanophryniscus stelzneri. The metaphases were obtained from intestinal and testis cells, using conventional techniques. Twenty metaphasic figures per individual were analyzed and the total length of each chromosome and the length of the four arms were measured. The obtained measurements were processed using Excel 2000 to obtain the average length of the arms p and q, the arm ratio, the centromeric index, the relative chromosome length and the relative arm length. All species showed karyotype 2n = 22, and karyotype formula of 6: 5. Pairs one to six were large, with a relative chromosome length between 18.64–7.59%; pairs seven to eleven were small, with a relative chromosome length between 7.18–2.42%. In all species the chromosome morphology was metacentric or submetacentric. Karyotype and ideograms were made for all species, based on morphometric parameters of the chromosome complement. Finally, discriminant analysis was used to separate the five species analyzed, with a highly significant classification rate of 80% and P < 0.0001. These results agree, in general, with those presented by other authors, however, in M. stelzneri detailed karyological studied have not been made so far, thus this work represents a significant contribution to the karyotypic decryption features of this species and the Rhinellla species from central area of Argentina.

CHROMOSOME BANDING HOMOLOGIES OF A TANDEM FUSION IN RIVER, SWAMP, AND CROSSBRED BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Bongso ◽  
M. Hilmi
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Centromere Region ◽  
Hybrid Female ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Tandem Fusion ◽  
Y Chromosomes

The chromosomes of the Murrah (River), Swamp (Malaysian kerbau), F1 hybrid (Murrah × Swamp) and first generation backcross (F1 hybrid female × Murrah male) buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis L.) were studied using Giemsa (G) and centromeric (C) banding techniques. The diploid chromosome number for the Murrah was 2n = 50, Swamp 2n = 48, F1 hybrid 2n = 49 and two backcross animals had 2n = 49 and 2n = 50, respectively. The largest two metacentric chromosomes of the Swamp resulted from a tandem fusion between the two chromosomes 4p and 9, respectively, of the Murrah karyotype. The F1 hybrid (2n = 49) and one of the backcrosses (2n = 49) had karyotypes intermediate to the Murrah and Swamp parents. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes of the buffalo and demonstrated that a major portion of the centromere region of chromosome 9 was not incorporated into chromosome 4 during the tandem fusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document