Morphology and genome analyses of interspecific hybrids of Elymus scabrus

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Torabinejad ◽  
J. G. Carman ◽  
C. F. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Paired Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Genome Analyses

Sexual, hexaploid (2n = 42) Elymus scabrus (R. Br.) A. Löve (formerly Agropyron scabrum (R. Br.) Beauv.) was used as the male parent for crossability studies and genome analysis of this Australian species. Mean number of paired chromosome arms (PA) and mean number of chromosome associations per metaphase I cell were determined for four different interspecific hybrids. Means by the female parent of each interspecific hybrid were as follows: tetraploid Elymus canadensis L., 1.17 PA and 32.76 I + 0.04 II (ring) + 1.08 II (rod) + 0.005 IV (chain) in 179 cells from four F1's; hexaploid Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, 14.13 PA and 23.48 I + 4.69 II (ring) + 4.13 II (rod) + 0.27 III + 0.01 IV (ring) + 0.01 IV (rod) in 140 cells from three F1's; tetraploid Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev, 4.20 PA and 27.53 I + 0.39 II (ring) + 3.12 II (rod) + 0.15 III in 59 cells from one F1; and tetraploid Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) A. Löve, 3.98 PA and 27.961 + 0.34 II (ring) + 2.86 II (rod) + 0.16 III + 0.04 IV (chain) in 50 cells from one F1. All F1's were completely sterile. An amphiploid of F1 E. tsukushiensis – E. scabrus was obtained by 0.1% colchicine treatment. It was partially sterile and had the expected chromosome number of 2n = ca. 84. The data were interpreted to indicate that E. scabrus lacks the S and H genomes of E. canadensis, contains the Y genome and a modification of another genome of E. tsukushiensis, and a modification of the Y genomes of E. longearistatus and E. semicostatus. These results contradict a previous report of an S and H genome composition for the Australasian wheatgrasses. Key words: apomixis, Elymus canadensis, Elymus longearistatus, Elymus semicostatus, Elymus tsukushiensis.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS IN CANADA AND NEIGHBORING AREAS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

A cytotaxonomic treatment is given for 12 native species, 2 introduced species, and 3 natural interspecific hybrids of the genus Elymus L. that occur in Canada. Five of the native Elymus species and an additional natural interspecific hybrid are found in Alaska. Eleven of the native species, one introduced species, and two of the natural interspecific hybrids are present in the mainland United States. Some additional native species and natural interspecific hybrids of Elymus from the mainland United States are treated briefly.Nomenclatural proposals include: Elymusglaucus Buckl. var. virescens (Piper) Bowden; E. ×uclueletensis Bowden (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. glaucus Buckl. var. glaucus); E. × aleuticus Hultén (pro sp.) (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. hirsutus Presl); E. canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowden f. wiegandii and f. calvescens (Fern.) Bowden; E. ×maltei Bowden nm. maltei, nm. simulans Bowden, nm. churchii Bowden, and nm. brownii Bowden (E. virginicus L. × E. canadensis L.); E. virginicus L. var. jenkinsii Bowden; E. hystrix L. var. bigelovianus (Fern.) Bowden; E.piperi Bowden; E. innovatus Beal subsp. innovatus var. glabratus Bowden; and E. triticoides Buckl. var. pacificus (Gould) Bowden. Hystrixpatula Moench is here treated as Elymushystrix L.Voucher specimens are cited for the following chromosome number determinations:(1) diploid, 2n = 14: Elymusjunceus.(2) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus canadensis var. canadensis, E. canadensis var. wiegandii f. wiegandii, E. diversiglumis, E. glaucus var. glaucus, E. glaucus var. virescens, E. hirsutus, E, hystrix var. hystrix, E. hystrix var. bigelovianus, E. innovatus subsp. innovatus var. innovatus, E. × maltei nm. maltei, E. riparius, E. sibiricus, E. villosus f. villosus, E. virginicus var. virginicus f. virginicus, and E. virginicus var. submuticus.Earlier literature reports (based on voucher specimens) are given for the following:(1) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus mollis (two subsp. and three forms), E. piperi, and E. × vancouverensis nm. crescentianus.(2) hexaploid, 2n = 42: Elymus × vancouverensis nm. vancouverensis, and E. × vancouverensis nm. californicus.(3) octoploid, 2n = 56: Elymus arenarius, E. innovatus subsp. velutinus, and E. piperi.

scholarly journals A Fertile Tetraploid Anigozanthos Hybrid Produced by in Vitro Colchicine Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Sterile Hybrid ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Kangaroo paw is a new cut flower crop native to Australia. There are several interspecific hybrids with improved flower colors, heat tolerance, and growth habit. These hybrids are sterile due to divergent evolution of the parent species. Colchicine was used to double the chromosome number of one important sterile hybrid. This hybrid is everblooming. dwarf. and heat tolerant. The resulting allodiploid was fertile, and progeny are now being evaluated.

CYTOGENETICS OF SOME SPECIES AND NATURAL HYBRIDS IN PROSOPIS (LEGUMINOSAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hunziker ◽  
L. Poggio ◽  
C. A. Naranjo ◽  
R. A. Palacios ◽  
A. B. Andrada
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Regular Meiosis ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Cytological results on 12 species and 4 putative hybrids of Prosopis are presented. Of these, 5 species and 4 hybrids have been hitherto unknown cytologically. The following species proved to be diploid (2n = 28) and constitute new chromosome number determinations for the genus: P. algarobilla Griseb., P. hassleri Harms, P. nigra (Griseb.) Hieron., P. patagonica Speg., P. tamarugo Phil. The diploid nature of some races of P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is established; apparently under this taxon there are also tetraploid populations. The following putative interspecific hybrids showed regular meiosis with formation of 14 bivalents: P. vinalillo Stuck. (P. ruscifolia × P. alba?), P. alba × P. nigra? and P. hassleri × P. ruscifolia?.So far 28 taxa of the genus have been studied cytologically; 27 of these are diploid. The scarcity of polyploidy in the genus (3.5%) might be a consequence of the almost general lack of means of vegetative reproduction and of the absence of chromosome repatterning in primary speciation. Results of other authors concerning cytological data are also discussed.

scholarly journals Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Pennisetum interspecific hybrids and its effect on plant morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshpreet Kaur ◽  
Rahul Kapoor ◽  
Yogesh Vikal ◽  
Anu Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Stomata Size

We report the production of hexaploid plants of interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum, with the ultimate aim to improve the biomass yield, drought tolerance and multicut behaviour of this genus. Chromosome doubling was achieved with the application of colchicine at three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) for two time durations (12 and 24 hours). The root slips and stem cuttings of interspecific hybrids were used for treatment and the root slips were found to be more efficient. The preliminary screening to select the putative hexaploid plant was done based on stomatal frequency and morphology. Plants containing significantly lower stomatal frequency and larger stomata size were selected for further analysis by chromosome counting. This experiment confirmed that 0.1% concentration of colchicine treatment to root slips for 24 hours was more effective to induce the amphiploids in Pennisetum.

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING ALFALFA. VI. INEFFECTIVENESS OF ALLOPLOIDY IN INDUCTION FERTILITY IN MEDICAGO PIRONAE × M. DAGHESTANICA HYBRIDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Plant Meiosis

Colchicine treatment of hybrids from the interspecific cross Medicago pironae Vis. × M. daghestanica Rupr. induced the formation of three tetraploid shoots, one with 2n = 29 and two with 2n = 32, in their somatic nuclei. Their flowers had 21, 44 and 62% plasma-filled pollen, respectively. No seed was obtained from these tetraploids after selfing and intercrossing more than 1,200 flowers, indicating the presence of a built-in fertility barrier between the two species.By applying pollen from the tetraploid hybrids to alfalfa (M. sativn L.) two trispecies hybrids with 2n = 34 and 30 chromosomcs were produced. The first had 32%, the second 22% plasma-filled pollen grains. On backcrossing to M. sativa, a higher seed set was obtained with pollen from the 2n = 34 plant than from the 2n = 30 plant. Meiosis in the 2n = 30 plant was abnormal. At MI multivalents were observed, indicating that chromosomal material may be interchanged between M. pironae-daghestanica and M. sativa. Approximately half the meiocytes at AI possessed lagging chromosomes and only 6% of secondary meiocytes at AII were without disturbances.

Evidence for the presence of an intercontinental genome in the Australian hexaploid alliance of Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Menzel ◽  
DW Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South America ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New World ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Data Support ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Genomes of the G group in Hibiscus sect. Furcaria have been found previously in one African diploid species and in various ailoploid combinations in Africa, India and Sri Lanka, North and South America and the Hawaiian Islands. Study of 11 interspecific hybrids between the Australian species H. heterophyllus and H. splendens and G-genome testers indicates that genomes somewhat related to the G group are present in the Australian allohexaploid alliance. These genomes are designated G′. Several of the intercontinental hybrids studied were weak, inviable or morphologically abnormal. The data support the interpretation that the genomes of the Australian alliance have diverged more from African and New World genomes than the latter two have from each other.

A new hybrid between blue spruce and white spruce

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hanover ◽  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Controlled pollinations were made within and between blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in 1967 and 1968. Interspecific hybrids were obtained and verified by comparative measurements of several traits. The cross was successful when either species was used as the female parent. Hybrid seed germinated more rapidly than that of either species and hybrid seedlings showed some heterosis for early growth. Also, hybrid seedlings had needles intermediate between, and significantly different from, the parental seedlings. Growth form of the hybrid was quite variable compared with that of either species. Further evidence for the successful crossing of blue spruce and white spruce was provided by biochemical analyses of monoterpene compounds in the parents and progeny.

Grafting as a tool in common bean breeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Gurusamy ◽  
K E Bett ◽  
A Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
Phaseolus Species ◽  
Seed Increase

Compatibility of rootstock for grafting was investigated in four species of Phaseolus to study the use of grafting as a tool in bean breeding programs. Four genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris and one genotype of P. coccineus were used as rootstocks. Two genotypes of P. vulgaris, and one each of P. acutifolius and P. angustissimus, and an interspecific hybrid of P. acutifolius × P. angustissiumus were used as scions. The common bean genotype ICA Pijao, a widely used female parent in bean interspecific hybridization, was the most compatible rootstock among the five genotypes tested, with high mean percent survival for scions across all four Phaseolus species. Grafting was an efficient technique compared with rooted cuttings for seed increase in determinate type bean plants, where obtaining the maximum number of clones before the reproductive phase is critical. Grafting resulted in 91 and 66% higher mean seed yield per plant compared with ungrafted control and rooted cutting treatments, respectively. This grafting technique using compatible rootstocks such as P. vulgaris ICA Pijao has potential to improve early generation seed increase ratio, multiplication of clones for screening, and perpetuation of sterile or recalcitrant interspecific hybrids for various breeding strategies. Key words: Grafting, Phaseolus sp., interspecific hybrids, compatible rootstocks, clonal propagation, seed multiplication, breeding efficiency

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document