Influence of colchicine treatment on chromosome number and growth rate of tissue cultures of Valeriana wallichii DC

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Chavadej ◽  
Hans Becker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Tissue Cultures

scholarly journals Limitation of current probe design for oligo-cross-FISH, exemplified by chromosome evolution studies in duckweeds

Chromosoma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Phuong T. N. Hoang ◽  
Jean-Marie Rouillard ◽  
Jiří Macas ◽  
Ivona Kubalová ◽  
Veit Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza

AbstractDuckweeds represent a small, free-floating aquatic family (Lemnaceae) of the monocot order Alismatales with the fastest growth rate among flowering plants. They comprise five genera (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) varying in genome size and chromosome number. Spirodela polyrhiza had the first sequenced duckweed genome. Cytogenetic maps are available for both species of the genus Spirodela (S. polyrhiza and S. intermedia). However, elucidation of chromosome homeology and evolutionary chromosome rearrangements by cross-FISH using Spirodela BAC probes to species of other duckweed genera has not been successful so far. We investigated the potential of chromosome-specific oligo-FISH probes to address these topics. We designed oligo-FISH probes specific for one S. intermedia and one S. polyrhiza chromosome (Fig. 1a). Our results show that these oligo-probes cross-hybridize with the homeologous regions of the other congeneric species, but are not suitable to uncover chromosomal homeology across duckweeds genera. This is most likely due to too low sequence similarity between the investigated genera and/or too low probe density on the target genomes. Finally, we suggest genus-specific design of oligo-probes to elucidate chromosome evolution across duckweed genera.

scholarly journals LASTING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egilde Seravalli ◽  
René Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Adult Weight

Certain specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice bred and maintained under semiprotected conditions have an intestinal flora which is qualitatively simpler (although not quantitatively smaller) than that of mice of the same genetic stock produced under ordinary conditions. They are also heavier at weaning time, grow at a faster rate, and reach a greater adult weight than ordinary mice. When SPF mice are contaminated per os shortly after birth with certain bacterial cultures isolated from the intestinal contents of adult ordinary mice, these bacteria multiply extensively throughout the gastrointestinal tract and persist at extremely high levels until weaning time. Such bacterial infections do not affect significantly either weaning weight, growth rate, or maximum adult weight. In contrast, weight depression could be consistently brought about by contaminating newborn SPF mice per os with bacteria-free filtrates of homogenates of intestines from ordinary mice. The weight-depressing agent passed through Millipore discs of 0.45 and 0.22 µ porosity, but was held back at 0.10 µ porosity. The depression of weight caused by either intestine homogenate or filtrates thereof could be detected within a few days after contamination (of 2 day old mice) and persisted throughout the adult life of the contaminated animals. When intestine homogenate of the SPF mice used in this study were introduced per os into newborn SPF mice, they did not affect their growth rate or adult weight. On several occasions, but not consistently, bacteria-free filtrates capable of depressing the weight curve of SPF mice produced alterations in the appearance of tissue cultures of BHK-21 and mouse embryo cells. When tissue cultures so infected were introduced into newborn SPF mice, the weight of these animals was depressed early and lastingly. An agent exhibiting weight-depressing activity has been transferred from mouse to mouse over many passages by contaminating newborn SPF animals per os. Weight depression was achieved with extremely small doses of material (10–5 ml of intestine homogenate of 10–4 of mouse embryo culture). Under these conditions, none of the animals showed obvious signs of disease except reduced weight. Only very young SPF mice (preferably less than 3 days old) proved susceptible to the weight-depressing effect of the filtrates of intestine homogenates or of infected tissue cultures prepared therefrom. After oral contamination, it took approximately 1 wk before the intestinal homogenate obtained from contaminated animals exhibited a high level of weight-depressing activity. The growth-depressing effect could be transmitted from one generation to the next by mating SPF mice that had been contaminated shortly after birth and that were consequently smaller than control SPF animals.

Growth Factor Requirements and Chromosome Number in Tobacco Tissue Cultures

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eugene Fox
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Tissue Cultures

scholarly journals Induksi Mutasi Kromosom dengan Kolkisin Pada Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Kultivar ‘Kesuna Bali’ (Induced Chromosome Mutation Using Colchicine in Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) Cultivar ‘Kesuna Bali’)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Pharmawati ◽  
Ni Luh Ayu Jami Wistiani
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chromosome Mutation

Abstrak Tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) adalah tanaman holtikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat terutama umbinya yang umumnya digunakan sebgai bumbu dan obat. Salah satu kultivar bawang putih yang ditanam di Bali adalah ‘Kesuna Bali’ yang hanya memiliki satu siung.  Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki karakter tanaman adalah dengan cara induksi mutasi kromosom dengan kolkisin. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan kolkisin terhadap indeks stomata dan jumlah kromosom dari tanaman ‘Kesuna Bali’. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan kolkisin yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10% dan 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkisin menurunkan indeks stomata dan meningkatkan jumlah kromosom. Kromosom triploid (2n=3x=24) dihasilkan pada perlakuan kolkisin 20%. Kata kunci : Allium sativum L., ’Kesuna Bali”, kolkisin, mutasi, sitologi Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a horticultural crop that has many benefits, especially as spice and traditional medicine.  One of garlic cultivars planted in Bali is ‘Kesuna Bali’ which only has one clove. To improve characters of ‘Kesuna Bali’, modification of ‘Kesuna Bali’ properties can be done by means of induced mutation using colchicine.  This research aims to analyse the effect of colchicine on stomata index and the number of chromosomes of 'Kesuna Bali'. This research used randomized block design with six replicates. In this experiment the concentration of colchicine used were 5%, 10% and 20%. The results of this study showed that colchicine treatment of 20% resulted in the lowest stomata index and there was an increase in chromosome number. Colchicine at concentration of 20% resulted in triploid chromosome set (2n = 3x = 24). Keywords: Allium sativum L., ’Kesuna Bali”, cholchicine, mutation, cytology

FILAMENTOUS GROWTH IN BASSWOOD TISSUE CULTURES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Filamentous Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Humid Environment

Filamentous growths have been observed in various regions of many varieties of higher plants. They have been noted particularly in tissue cultures and in similar locations in vivo, i.e., where humidity was high and the nutrition appropriate. The reasons for this phenomenon have not been investigated completely although it had been proposed that this represented the initial stages of callus development.This present paper explores the possibility that the outgrowths termed filamentous are the result of two circumstances, a highly humid environment combined with the isolation of the initiating cells either spatially or through the favoring of one cell over its neighbor nutritionally or through other means that would cause a sharp differential in growth rate.

Growth rate and chromosome number of tumor cell lines with different metastatic potential

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Cifone ◽  
Margaret L. Kripke ◽  
Isaiah J. Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines

scholarly journals Stability in chromosome number and DNA content in synthetic tetraploids of Lolium multiflorum after two generations of selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselaine Cristina Pereira ◽  
Natália de Souza Santos ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽  
Andrea Mittelmann ◽  
Vânia Helena Techio
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Viable Seeds

ABSTRACT: Chromosome doubling of Italian ryegrass genotypes ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) adapted to the brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions is an important strategy used by breeders and aims to obtain more vigorous genotypes with better forage quality and disease resistance. The effectiveness of chromosome doubling can be measured by genetic stability and fertility rates of plants over generations. However, a common problem in the polyploidization process is the regeneration of mixoploid plants that have impaired fertility and genetic stability. The objective of this study was to verify if progenies of recently tetraploidized plants remain stable regarding DNA content and chromosome number, over two generations. Progenies of L. multiflorum plants artificially tetraploidized with colchicine treatment were evaluated. Chromosome counting and estimates of the DNA content were used to evaluate the genetic stability. The percentage of tetraploid plants (4X) increased over generations (18%, 34% and 91% in cycle 0, 1 and 2, respectively). All progenies identified as tetraploid by flow citometry showed variation in chromosome number (mixoploidy), but produced viable seeds. Results showed that stabilization in chromosome number and DNA content in tetraploidized plant progenies requires time and that the success of this procedure depends on a continuous and accurate screening and selection.

scholarly journals Cytological diversity in colchiploid of Pontianak tangerine citrus

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Farida Yulianti ◽  
Dita Agisimanto
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Stomatal Size

Pontianak tangerine citrus (Siam Pontianak) is the most popular tangerine citrus in Indonesia. Induced mutation with colchicine treatment on Pontianak tangerine was intended to produce polyploid plants. The study aimed to analyze the cytological diversity in colchiploid of Pontianak tangerine citrus. The study was conducted at ICISFRI from January – May 2018. The cytological analysis was performed on a five-year-old of 36 colchiploids of Pontianak tangerine and a mother plant as control. The results showed that the colchiploid plants had higher chromosome numbers, stomatal sizes, and chloroplast numbers than the control. However, the stomatal density in several genotypes did not differ from that of the control. Colchicine treatment resulted in an aneuploid plant with chromosome number 18+x. Based on the clustering analysis results, all colchiploid plants differed from the control with a variability coefficient of 0.65. The colchiploid plants were not grouped according to colchicine concentration and duration of treatment. The increase of colchicine concentration and treatment duration did not correlate with the increasing ploidy number of colchiploid plants. The implication of the research result was the stomatal density, stomatal size, and chloroplast number were useful tools for rapid pre-screening of plant polyploidy.

scholarly journals Artificially Induced Polyploidization in Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. and Its Effect on Morphological Traits

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renwei Huang ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Zhineng Li ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Lobularia Maritima ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. is an important ornamental plant. We investigated an efficient method to induce tetraploid plants of L. maritima (L.) Desv. by treating germinating seeds and apical growing points of seedlings with a range of concentrations of colchicine for different periods of time. Examination of the ploidy level by counting chromosome numbers at metaphase confirmed that the chromosome number of diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 24, whereas 2n = 4x = 48 was observed in tetraploid plants. The morphological characteristics of the diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid plants were compared. Increases in the size of leaves, flowers, and stomata were observed in the tetraploid plants compared with the diploids. However, the stomatal density and plant height of the tetraploid plants were lower than for the diploid plants. This study presents the first report of autotetraploid plants of L. maritima (L.) Desv., and of the successful generation of tetraploid plants with improved ornamental traits by colchicine treatment.

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