Pengaruh Pupuk Sampah Kota dan dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadapTinggi Tanaman, Panjang Daun, dan Berat Panen Tanaman Pakcoy (Brasica rapa ) pada Andisol di Kabupaten Indramayu

The objective of this research was to find out the effect of municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on plant height, leaf length, and harvest weight of pakcoy (Brasica rapa) in Andisols in Indramayu Regency. This study used a randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor is municipal waste compost and the second factor is cow manure. Each of them consisted of 4 levels : 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% with two replication. The results showed that there was an interaction between municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on the plant heights of pakcoy 14, 21, and 28 HST, but there was no interaction at 7 HST. The statistical results show that the combination of municipal solid waste compost with cow manure has an effect on the height of pakcoy 14, 21, and 28 HST, but the height of pakcoy 7 HST is influenced by the independent influence of cow manure. There was an interaction between municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on the leaf length of pakcoy 7, 14, 21, and 28 HST, and there was an interaction between municipal waste compost and cow manure on the harvest weight of pakcoy. The application of organic matter, both municipal solid waste compost and cow manure to the soil can increase plant height, leaf length, and harvest weight of pakcoy.

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Antimony Mobility, Phytotoxicity and Bioavailability in Polluted Soils

The effect of a municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), added at 1 and 2% rates, on the mobility, phytotoxicity, and bioavailability of antimony (Sb) was investigated in two soils (SA: acidic soil; SB: alkaline soil), spiked with two Sb concentrations (100 and 1000 mg kg−1). The impact of MSWC on microbial activity and biochemical functioning within the Sb-polluted soils was also considered. MSWC addition reduced water-soluble Sb and favored an increase in residual Sb (e.g., by 1.45- and 1.14-fold in SA-100 and SA-1000 treated with 2% MSWC, respectively). Significant increases in dehydrogenase activity were recorded in both the amended soils, as well as a clear positive effect of MSWC on the metabolic activity and catabolic diversity of respective microbial communities. MSWC alleviated Sb phytotoxicity in triticale plants and decreased Sb uptake by roots. However, increased Sb translocation from roots to shoots was recorded in the amended soils, according to the compost rate. Overall, the results obtained indicated that MSWC, particularly at a 2% rate, can be used for the recovery of Sb-polluted soils. It also emerged that using MSWC in combination with triticale plants can be an option for the remediation of Sb-polluted soils, by means of assisted phytoextraction.

Innovative amendments derived from industrial and municipal wastes enhance plant growth and soil functions in PTE-polluted environments

Highlights- Water Treatment Residuals, Red Muds, Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Biochar can reduce labile PTE in contaminated soils.- When used as amendments, WTR, RM, MSWC and BCH improve soil chemical fertility of PTE-polluted soils.- WTR, RM, MSWC and BCH stimulate soil enzyme activity and heterotrophic bacterial abundance in PTE-polluted soils.- WTR, RM, MSWC and BCH can be used as strategic amendments to enhance plant growth in environments polluted by PTE. Potentially toxic elements (PTE), e.g. As, Sb, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, can severely impact soil element cycling, organic matter turnover and soil inhabiting microbiota. Very often this has dramatic consequences for plant growth and yield which are greatly restricted in PTE-contaminated soils. The use of innovative amendments to reduce the labile pool of such soil contaminants, can result as a feasible and sustainable strategy to improve the fertility and functionality of PTE-contaminated soils as well as to exploit these latter from an agronomic point of view. Water treatment residuals (WTR), red muds (RM), organic-based materials originating from the waste cycle, e.g. municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and biochar (BCH), have emerged in the last decades as promising amendments. In this paper, we report a synthesis of the lessons learned from research carried out in the last 20 years on the use of the above-mentioned innovative amendments for the manipulation of soil fertility and functionality in PTE-contaminated soils. The amendments considered possess physico-chemical properties useful to reduce labile PTE in soil (e.g. alkaline pH, porosity, Fe/Al phases, specific functional groups and ionic composition among the others). In addition, they contain organic and inorganic nutrients which can contribute to improve the soil chemical, microbial and biochemical status. This is often reflected by a higher organic matter content in amended soils and/or an increase of the cation exchange capacity, available P and total N and/or dissolved organic C. As a result, soil microbial abundance, in particular heterotrophic fungi and bacteria, and enzyme activities (e.g. dehydrogenase, urease and β-glucosidase) are commonly enhanced in amended soils, while plant growth can be significantly stimulated. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the studied amendments can be used to reduce PTE bioavailability in polluted soils, improve soil microbial status and functionality, and enhance the productivity of different crops. This can offer a precious opportunity for the productive recovery of PTE-polluted soils.

Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost Supplemented with Inorganic Nitrogen on Physicochemical Soil Characteristics, Plant Growth, Nitrate Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Spinach

In this study, we evaluated the effects of municipal solid waste compost supplemented with inorganic N on the physicochemical properties of soil, plant growth, nitrate concentration, and antioxidant activity in spinach. Experiments were carried out in neutral and acidic soils that were low in organic matter. A fertilized soil was used as a control, while four compost treatments—two compost rates of 35 and 70 t ha−1, supplemented or not with inorganic N (92 kg N ha−1 as Ca (NO3)2)—were applied by fertigation. The addition of compost increased the soil organic matter content and pH in both soils. The compost supplementation with N greatly increased the shoot dry weight and spinach fresh yield by nearly 109%. With the highest compost rate and 43% N applied, the yield increased in both soils, similar to results obtained in fertilized soil (3.8 kg m−2). The combined application of compost and N could replace inorganic P and K fertilization to a significant extent. The compost application at both rates and in both soils considerably decreased shoot Mn concentrations.