Morphological Observations on Recently Recovered Early Agricultural Period Maize Cob Fragments from Southern Arizona

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Tucson Basin ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Early Agricultural Period

Metric analyses of recently excavated maize (Zea mays, L.) cupules and cob fragments from Early Agricultural period (2000 B. C.-A.D. 50) sites in southern Arizona indicate that early maize cultivars produced small cobs with small cupules. Although it is risky to generalize about the yield potential of a plant that may have no compelling modern analogues, this work provides further support for the claim that ancient Tucson Basin maize plants provided relatively low yields as compared with more recent varieties.

Grain Yield Potential of Some Diverse Maize (Zea mays L.) Morphotypes Intercropped with Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ayuk-Takem ◽  
H. R. Chhedda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Erect Leaves

SUMMARYThree maize cultivars, BACOA, SAW and COCA, were evaluated when intercropped with cocoyams at a density of 50 000 maize plants and 10 000 cocoyam stands ha−1. BACOA which matures in 120 days, and SAW (130 days) transmitted significantly more light to the lower canopy than COCA, which has spreading leaves and matures in 150 days. Relative yields for BACOA, SAW and COCA in pure stands were 72, 100 and 85%, respectively, while those for cocoyams in BACOA/cocoyam, SAW/cocoyam and COCA/cocoyam mixtures were 82, 58 and 54%, respectively, showing that COCA significantly suppressed the yield of cocoyam when intercropped.Yields of a COCA type with erect leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1 in pure stands, while yields of COCA with spreading leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 40 000 plants ha−1 but decreased when plant population increased to 50 000 plants ha−1. When COCA with erect leaves was intercropped with cocoyams, cocoyam tuber yields were fairly stable and maize yields continued to increase significantly as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1, whereas the yields of COCA with spreading leaves and cocoyams were greatly reduced when intercropped and when the plant population increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1.

scholarly journals The Influence of Aqueous Extracts from Stellaria media L. on the Growth of Zea mays L. Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiman ZANDI ◽  
Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ ◽  
Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY ◽  
Joanna PUŁA ◽  
Alina STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Weed Infestation

Plants introduce chemicals into the environment that can be toxic, both for themselves and for other species. Weed infestation of crops is a competition for environmental resources, but at the same time is a source of chemical substances released into the soil, often reducing yield potential. The paper attempts to investigate the allelopathic interaction of aquatic extracts from dry shoots of chickweed Stellaria media L. on germination and development of maize Zea mays L. seedlings of ‘San’, ‘Kidemos’ and ‘DKC 3441’ cultivars. Along with the increase in the concentration of allelopathic substances, a decrease in the germination activity of all tested maize cultivars was observed. Germination percentage as like percentage of control was the highest for seeds germinating on substrates with 1% chickweed extracts and the lowest for seeds watered with 5% extracts. Biometric measurements of seedlings showed that the most sensitive cultivar of maize was ‘DKC 3441’, and the resistant cultivar ‘San’. The relative water content was the highest for seedlings grown on the 5% extracts. Significant differences in the amount of fresh and dry masses of maize seedlings were demonstrated at the highest concentrations of extracts compared to the control. A significant increase in electrolyte leakage compared to the control sample was found in the ‘Kidemos’ cultivar. The lowest differences in the destabilization of the ionic transport through cell membranes for the ‘DKC 3441’ cultivar were demonstrated.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aammar Tufail ◽  
María Touceda-González ◽  
Ilaria Pertot ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Identification of DNA of pathogens from Fusarium genus in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Tumanova ◽  
◽  
Cristina Grajdieru ◽  
Valentin Mitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plants

scholarly journals Maize Plants Infestation by Fusarium spp. and Deoxynivalenol in Genetically Modified Corn Hybrid and Traditional Maize Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREK SELWET
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetically Modified Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Mon 810

The objective of the performed investigations was to isolate pathogenic fungi from contaminated maize cobs, to assess the appearance of maize cob fusariosis and to determine grain contamination with deoxynivalenol in the cultivation of genetically modified maize containing a gene resistance against European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn) as well as selected non-modified cultivars. The plant material comprised the following genetically modified maize cultivar: DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and non-modified cultivars obtained from Smolice Plant Breeding Ltd., IHAR Group: Junak (FAO 210-220), Prosna (FAO 220), SMH (FAO 230), Baca (FAO 220). Prior to harvesting, the occurrence of maize cob fusariosis was determined in the 89 (BBCH) developmental ripening stage. Microbiological assessment was carried out on grains selected from cobs characterized by various pathological symptoms. In 2008, a total of 133 isolates was obtained from the examined samples of infected maize plants, of which 51 isolates were species-identified, while in 2009, the total of 123 isolates were determined, of which 63 were species-identified. In both experimental years, the majority of isolates contained fungi from the Fusarium genus. The performed analysis of mean levels of cob contamination by fusarioses revealed that DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and SMH (FAO 230) cultivars showed the smallest levels of contamination as well as the lowest percent of cob contamination per plant, while Junak (FAO 210-220) and Baca (FAO 220) cultivars were characterized by the highest degree of contamination. The lowest deoxynivalenol concentrations were determined in years 2008 and 2009 in the case of the DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) cultivar, whereas Prosna (FAO 220) cultivar was characterized by the highest deoxynivalenol concentration.

scholarly journals Number of experiments for adaptability and stability analysis in maize by Lin and Binns method

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
José Paulo Guadagnin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Reference File ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Degree Of Association

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the necessary number of experiments to analyze the adaptability and stability of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) using the Lin and Binns method. Grain yield data extracted from 63 maize cultivar trials were used. Trials were divided in six groups of experiments, according to the cycle (early and super early) and the agricultural year (2002/2003, 2003/2004, and 2004/2005). In each group, from the set of all experiments (reference file) new data files were formed by combinations in groups of 2, 3, 4, ..., n-1 experiments, with a total of 10,683 files. For each file, the estimation of the adaptability and stability parameter (Pi) of the Lin and Binns method was calculated. To verify the degree of association of the estimates of Pi obtained with the combinations of experiments and with all the experiments (reference), Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was used. Number of experiments giving values of r≥0.80 in 100% of the combinations was considered sufficient. Seven experiments sufficed for the analysis of adaptability and stability of maize cultivars by the method of Lin and Binns.

PERFORMANCE PRODUTIVA DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO EM TRÊS SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO NO LESTE MARANHENSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO CHARLES DOS SANTOS SILVA ◽  
MARIA DA CRUZ CHAVES LIMA MOURA ◽  
JOSÉ RONEILSON SILVA COSTA ◽  
EGON BASTOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ITALO JHONNY COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The City

RESUMO – O Leste Maranhense corresponde à mais nova fronteira agrícola do Brasil. Entretanto, fatores limitantesda produtividade, como a escolha correta da variedade e o sistema de cultivo mais adequado para as condições locais,ainda são desconhecidos. Objetivou-se estudar o desempenho produtivo de 17 genótipos de milho, sob três sistemasde cultivo para a região. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um na cidade de Chapadinha e outro na cidade de Brejo,sendo avaliados 17 genótipos ao todo. Os ensaios foram dispostos no delineamento em blocos casualisados com quatrorepetições em esquema fatorial 3x10 [10 cultivares e três sistemas de cultivo (plantio com cobertura de palha decarnaúba; plantio sem cobertura; plantio intercalado com feijão caupi)]. O sistema de cultivo com palha de carnaúba,independentemente do genótipo de milho e do local de avaliação, proporcionou os maiores rendimentos de grãos.Em Chapadinha, os genótipos mais produtivos foram as variedades de polinização aberta Caiano e Al-Bandeirante,o híbrido duplo AGN 1051, os híbridos triplos 2B 433, BRS 3060 e CMS 3E482 e o híbrido simples P 3646 H. ParaBrejo, os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelos híbridos duplos 2B 707 HX e AGN 1051 e pelos híbridos simples2B 604 HX, 30 F35 H e P 3646 H.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Palhada, Rendimento de grãos.PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE CULTIVARS IN THREE FARMING SYSTEMS IN EAST MARANHÃO STATEABSTRACT - East Maranhão State is the newest agricultural frontier in Brazil. However, productivity limiting factorssuch as the correct choice of variety and the cropping system more suitable to the local conditions are still unknown.The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of 17 maize genotypes under three cultivationsystems for the region. Two experiments were carried out, one in the city of Chapadinha and another in the city ofBrejo, evaluating 17 genotypes. The trials were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications in a 3x10factorial scheme [10 cultivars and 3 cultivation systems (planting with cover of carnaúba straw, plantation withoutcover, intercropping with cowpea). The use of carnaúba straw provided the highest grain yields, regardless the maizegenotype and the evaluation site,. In Chapadinha the most productive genotypes were the open-pollinated varietiesCaiano and Al-Bandeirante, the double hybrid AGN 1051, the triple hybrids 2B 433, BRS 3060 and CMS 3E482 andthe simple hybrid P 3646 H. For Brejo the best results were obtained by the double hybrids 2B 707 HX and AGN 1051and by the simple hybrids 2B 604 HX, 30 F35 H and P 3646 H.Keywords: Zea mays L., Straw, Grain Yield.

Effects of municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizer amendments on soil properties and heavy metals distribution in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

Chemosphere ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1614-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoria Carbonell ◽  
Rosario Miralles de Imperial ◽  
Manuel Torrijos ◽  
Mar Delgado ◽  
José Antonio Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Maize Plants
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document