Cytogenetics and reproductive behavior of induced and natural tetraploid guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hashemi ◽  
A. Estilai ◽  
J. G. Waines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Ring Bivalents ◽  
Colchicine Application ◽  
Regular Meiosis

Tetraploid guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) plants with 72 chromosomes were obtained by colchicine application to the shoot apices of the diploid (2n = 36) seedlings. Interspecific hybridization of guayule as female with Parthenium rollinsianum Rzedowski (2n = 36) was used to compare the mode of reproduction of the induced tetraploids with that of natural tetraploids. Plants produced from crosses of induced tetraploid guayule and P. rollinsianum were all hybrids. Hybrid plants showed 2n = 54 chromosomes, indicating that the artificially produced tetraploids reproduce sexually. Interspecific crosses between natural tetraploids and P. rollinsianum produced predominantly maternal type progeny. This suggests that the apomictic mode of reproduction in guayule is a consequence of mutations which accumulated in the natural polyploids. Diploid guayule plants showed regular meiosis with an average of 14.86 rod and 3.14 ring bivalents. Induced tetraploids produced 0.25 I, 29.21 II, 0.13 III, and 3.24 IV. In comparison, natural tetraploids showed 1.20 I, 30.85 II, 0.06 III, and 2.23 IV. The frequency of multivalents, which was limited in the induced tetraploids, showed further reduction in natural polyploid guayule, which may indicate diploidization in these plants. Percent pollen stainability was 98.5 ± 1.03, 83.7 ± 12.24, and 89.5 ± 3.41 for diploids, induced tetraploids, and natural tetraploids, respectively. Both induced and natural tetraploids had larger capitula, achenes, and pollen and thicker leaves than the diploids.Key words: guayule, natural rubber, reproductive behavior, meiosis, polyploid induction.

scholarly journals Domestication of Avena magna Murphy et Terrell: a wild tetraploid oat species endemic of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
N. Saidi ◽  
N. Shaimi ◽  
A. S. Idrissi ◽  
A. Souihka ◽  
F. Gaboun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Oat Cultivars

Avena magna Murphy et Terrell (2n = 4x = 28), a tetraploid oat species endemic of Morocco, has a high groat protein content (more than 20%), good resistance to diseases and good adaptability to the Mediterranean edaphic and climate conditions. Moreover, this taxon is morphologically similar to the hexaploid oat species A. sativa and promising for interspecific crosses with A. sativa in order to transfer the domestication syndrome into it. Four hybridization cycles employing four accessions of A. magna and five Moroccan hexaploid oat cultivars of A. sativa were accomplished to domesticate A. magna. Morphological characterization and cytogenetic analysis of derivative hybrid seeds were made to determine their ploidy level and select the seeds with 2n = 28. The overall combinations yielded 81 hybrid plants with 2n varying from 28 to 29, with 58% having 2n = 28, and pollen fertility over 85%. However, 27 hybrids yielded a seed set ranging from 20 to 80%. Selected hybrid plants were subjected to pedigree selection in the field until they reached the 8th generation and assessed for agronomic performance. Three domesticated lines of tetraploid oat A. magna were selected for their good disease resistance. Analysis of groat protein content in the selected hybrids using the Kjeldahl method showed that it was 2 to 3% higher than in their parents.

Nature of sterility and mechanism of the evolution of higher ploidy in Solanum section Solanum (Maurella)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ganapathi ◽  
G. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Sterile Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Regular Meiosis

Cytomorphology of solanum nigrum L. (2n = 6x = 72) and S. americanum Mill. (2n = 2x = 24) was studied. Crosses were made between these two species, but crosses were successful only when the higher ploidy form was used as the maternal parent. The F1 hybrid was a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) and showed highly irregular meiosis. It did not set fruit either on selfing or on open pollination. A fertile octoploid branch spontaneously grew from the sterile hybrid. The octoploid had regular meiosis and produced several fruits with viable seeds. Pollen stainability was 82%. From cytological studies of the tetraploid and its amphiploid, it is concluded that hybridization and polyploidy have played a significant role in the origin and evolution of higher chromosomal forms of Solanum section Solanum (Maurella).Key words: Solanum, polyploid, sterility.

Cytogenetic analyses of intersectional hybrids between Parthenium argentatum and Parthenium confertum

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hashemi ◽  
A. Estilai ◽  
J. G. Waines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Preferential Pairing ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Multivalent Formation ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses

Induced tetraploid guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, a rubber-producing and woody species of section Parthenicaeta) was crossed to P. confertum var. lyratum Gray, a herbaceous species of section Argyrocheta. Hybrids were obtained when guayule was used as female. Like their diploid progenitors, induced tetraploids were sexual and self-incompatible. At meiosis, they averaged 0.30 I, 29.63 II, 0.12 III, and 3.02 IV. Parthenium confertum had 69 chromosomes and was apomictic. At meiosis, it averaged 1.00 I, 32.98 II, and 0.51 IV. Hybrids received 36 chromosomes from guayule and 34 chromosomes from P. confertum. At meiosis, they averaged 0.52 I, 33.44 II, 0.20 III, and 0.50 IV. F1 plants behaved like an amphidiploid in which homologous chromosomes of guayule genome paired with each other and homologous chromosomes of P. confertum genome also paired preferentially. Chromosome association in the hybrids indicated that P. confertum parent may be a tetraploid with suppressed multivalent formation. Although hybrids were partially fertile and produced backcross progeny, the transfer of desirable traits (rapid growth and herbaceous growth habit) from P. confertum into guayule will depend on elimination of preferential pairing in the hybrids.Key words: guayule, natural rubber, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

scholarly journals Characterization of F1 interspecific hybrids between wild Helianthus annuus L. populations and cultivated sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Terzic ◽  
Jovanka Atlagic ◽  
Dejana Pankovic
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Pollen Vitality

Phenotype, chromosomes pairing and pollen vitality were compared between parental populations and F1 hybrids of interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus L. and cultivated sunflower. The investigation of the simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism was also used to test the hybrid nature of F1 populations. The phenotypic traits of F1 hybrid plants were either closer to the wild species or intermediate. Irregular chromosome pairing was found in only 0 to 10% of meiocytes in the meiosis of F1 hybrid plants. Interspecific crosses were confirmed with SSR markers in all hybrid combinations. Alleles that were not present in parental DNA were frequently observed in F1 hybrids. That is additional evidence that those hybrid combinations were not produced by self-fertilization. The results suggest that SSR markers can be efficiently used for the F1 hybrid characterization in crosses between closely related species, in which, the changes of phenotype, meiosis and pollen vitality are not always significant.

scholarly journals Derivatives of Vaccinium arboreum × Vaccinium Section Cyanococcus. II. Fertility and Fertility Parameters

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia J. Brooks ◽  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Female Fertility ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Darrowi ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Pollen Shed ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Made In

Fertility of F1 hybrids and their open-pollinated progeny was studied for the intersectional cross Vaccinium darrowi Camp × V. arboreum Marsh as part of a project to determine the feasibility of using V. arboreum to breed vigorous, drought-tolerant southern highbush blueberry cultivars. The 16 F1 hybrids that were studied were vigorous but very low in fertility. Second generation hybrids [MIKs (mother is known) obtained by open-pollination of the F1s] and MIK derivatives were extremely variable in vigor and fertility, but averaged far higher in fertility than the F1s as evidenced by pollen stainability and amount of pollen produced. F1s produced an average of 0.4 seedlings per 100 pollinated flowers when hand-pollinated in a greenhouse with pollen from V. darrowi, 0.2 when pollinated by V. arboreum and 3.4 when pollinated by cultivated highbush. Some MIKs that were crossed with other MIKs and with cultivated southern highbush were very high in male and female fertility. Female fertility was estimated in greenhouse crosses from fruit set, berry weight, number and weight of seeds, number of plump seeds per berry, and number of seedlings obtained. Male fertility was estimated by pollen stainability with acetocarmine and amount of pollen shed. Chromosome counts showed that three F1s were diploid and that four fertile MIKs were tetraploid. One MIK appeared to be aneuploid. Aneuploidy may explain much of the low fertility found in MIK populations. These results indicate that good progress is being made in returning the hybrid plants to cultivar quality in only a few generations of backcrossing.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and reproductive aspects in genetic variability studies of forage peanut

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilda Augusta Peres Oliveira ◽  
José Francisco Montenegro Valls
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Euclidian Distance ◽  
Production Variability ◽  
Stigma Morphology

Morphological characterization and the study of reproductive behavior are important procedures to identify desirable traits of progenitors to be included in breeding programs. Morphological descriptors and the reproductive behavior of parental accessions of the legumes Arachis pintoi Krapov & W.C.Gregory and A. repens Handro were analyzed looking for the probable causes of seed production variability. Morphological and reproductive characterization were used for the estimation of the genetic variability of five A. pintoi and two A. repens accessions, with crosses being conducted in a greenhouse. Parents and hybrids have shown high pollen stainability, regular meiosis (2n=20), and presented distinctive reproductive behaviors: A. pintoi accessions GK 12787, V 13468 and V 6791-wf are prolific seed producers, while A. pintoi V 13167, V 13338 and A. repens Nc 1579 and Nc 1578, rarely produce seeds. Intraspecific crosses generated fertile F1 and F2 hybrids from five combinations. Interspecific crosses produced sterile F1 hybrids. Stigma morphology and distinct mode of reproduction present among accessions suggest possible barriers for seed production in some cross-combinations. Euclidian distance range between parents was 0.20 to 5.52. Accessions GK 12787 and Nc 1579 presented the maximum distance: 5.52, and V 13468 and Nc 1579 the minimum distance: 0.20. The Euclidian distance was considered an adequate methodology to study genetic diversity of parental accessions.

scholarly journals Downregulation of a CYP74 Rubber Particle Protein Increases Natural Rubber Production in Parthenium argentatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante F. Placido ◽  
Niu Dong ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
Von Mark V. Cruz ◽  
David A. Dierig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Rubber Production

scholarly journals Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), a Renewable Resource for Natural Polyisoprene and Resin: Composition, Processes and Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Amandine Rousset ◽  
Ali Amor ◽  
Teerasak Punvichai ◽  
Sandrine Perino ◽  
Serge Palu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Economic Considerations

Natural rubber is an essential material, especially for plane and truck tyres but also for medical gloves. Asia ranks first in the production of natural rubber, of which the Hevea tree is currently the sole source. However, it is anticipated that this source alone will not be able to fulfill the growing demand. Guayule, a shrub native to northern Mexico and southern United States, may also contribute. This plant not only contains polyisoprene, but also resin, a mixture of lipids and terpenoids. This review summarizes various aspects of this plant, from the usage history, botanical description, geographical distribution and cultivation practices, down to polyisoprene and resin biosynthesis including their distribution within the plant and molecular composition. Finally, the main processes yielding dry rubber or latex are depicted, as well as the properties of the various extracts along with economic considerations. The aim is to provide a wide picture of current knowledge available about this promising crop, a good feedstock candidate for a multiple-product biorefinery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document