Overview of Stochastic Model Updating in Aerospace Application Under Uncertainty Treatment

This chapter presents the technique route of model updating in the presence of imprecise probabilities. The emphasis is put on the inevitable uncertainties, in both numerical simulations and experimental measurements, leading the updating methodology to be significantly extended from deterministic sense to stochastic sense. This extension requires that the model parameters are not regarded as unknown-but-fixed values, but random variables with uncertain distributions, i.e. the imprecise probabilities. The final objective of stochastic model updating is no longer a single model prediction with maximal fidelity to a single experiment, but rather the calibrated distribution coefficients allowing the model predictions to fit with the experimental measurements in a probabilistic point of view. The involvement of uncertainty within a Bayesian updating framework is achieved by developing a novel uncertainty quantification metric, i.e. the Bhattacharyya distance, instead of the typical Euclidian distance. The overall approach is demonstrated by solving the model updating sub-problem of the NASA uncertainty quantification challenge. The demonstration provides a clear comparison between performances of the Euclidian distance and the Bhattacharyya distance, and thus promotes a better understanding of the principle of stochastic model updating, as no longer to determine the unknown-but-fixed parameters, but rather to reduce the uncertainty bounds of the model prediction and meanwhile to guarantee the existing experimental data to be still enveloped within the updated uncertainty space.

Off-line Handwritten Signature Verification System: Artificial Neural Network Approach

Nowadays, it is evident that signature is commonly used for personal verification, this justifies the necessity for an Automatic Verification System (AVS). Based on the application, verification could either be achieved Offline or Online. An online system uses the signature’s dynamic information; such information is captured at the instant the signature is generated. An offline system, on the other hand, uses an image (the signature is scanned). In this paper, some set of simple shaped geometric features are used in achieving offline Verification of signatures. These features include Baseline Slant Angle (BSA), Aspect Ratio (AR), and Normalized Area (NA), Center of Gravity as well as the line’s Slope that joins the Center of Gravities of the signature’s image two splits. Before the features extraction, a signature preprocessing is necessary to segregate its parts as well as to eliminate any available spurious noise. Primarily, System training is achieved via a signature record which was acquired from personalities whose signatures had to be validated through the system. An average signature is acquired for each subject as a result of incorporating the aforementioned features which were derived from a sample set of the subject’s true signatures. Therefore, a signature functions as the prototype for authentication against a requested test signature. The similarity measure within the feature space between the two signatures is determined by Euclidian distance. If the Euclidian distance is lower than a set threshold (i.e. analogous to the minimum acceptable degree of similarity), the test signature is certified as that of the claiming subject otherwise detected as a forgery. Details on the stated features, pre-processing, implementation, and the results are presented in this work.

Comparison of different cytological parameters of three species of Ocimum

Karyomorphological analysis of three species of the genus Ocimum (O. basilicum L., O. americanum L. and O. tenuiflorum L.) was carried out. Gross chromosome morphology of these species are nearly sub metacentric (Sm), nearly metacentric (m) and metacentric (M) in nature. The high values of mean chromosome length, total chromosome length of O. americanum followed by O. basilicum show their primitiveness. Whereas, lower values of these parameters in O. tenuiflorum denotes evolved nature of the species. All the three species of Ocimum showed high values of total forma percentage (TF%) in conjunction with low coefficient of variation (CV), which corresponds to the primitive status in the evolution of flowering plants and was placed in 3A class of Stebbins’ system, indicating the presence of symmetrical karyotype in them. Karyotyping along with UPGMA based dendrogram analysis clearly separated O. basilicum L. and O. americanum L. in one cluster and O. tenuiflorum L. in a separate cluster with greater Euclidian distance.

Cluster Analysis Using the Hierarki Method For Grouping Sub-Districts in The District Steps Based on Health Indicators

<span lang="EN">Cluster analysis is a method used to group objects based on similarity of characteristics they have. Cluster analysis using the hierarchy method is a method with a grouping process that is used in stages. Health is a condition where a person is not sick, has no complaints, and can carry out daily activities. To find out information about the level of health in Langkat Regency, it is necessary to use the grouping method. The grouping was carried out in 23 districts in Langkat Regency. The purpose of this study is to classify sub-districts in Langkat Regency which have similar characteristics based on health indicators through the square euclidian distance is used to measure the similarity between object pairs and the ward method. From the results of cluster analysis using the ward method.</span>

Improving Patient Voice Intelligibility by using a Euclidian Distance-Based Approach to Improve Voice Assistant Accuracy

Voice assistance (VA) is gaining domestic consumer attention in a variety of products, such as Amazon Alexa, Google Home, Apple’s Siri, and Microsoft’s Cortana. Furthermore, VA has recently shown its usefulness and ability to improve inpatient experience in hospitals and clinics. Nevertheless, none of the VA products has an accuracy rate greater than 90%. The accuracy decreases even more in noisy or public environments. Hence, improving VA accuracy in noisy environments requires a speech signal algorithm with good quality and intelligibility. There is great interest in developing an objective intelligibility measure that shows maximum correlation with subjective speech intelligibility and that can measure the effect of speech enhancement algorithms on the processing of noisy speech signals. In this paper, Euclidian distance-based speech intelligibility prediction is proposed to measure the correlation with subjective intelligibility in different noisy environments. This paper also presents a comparative analysis and general background research in speech intelligibility improvement. The results show that no single algorithm is effective in improving the intelligibility of speech signals.

NEW COMPUTER GENERATED-SCMA CODEBOOK WITH MAXIMIZED EUCLIDIAN DISTANCE FOR 5G

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is one of the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) that attracts many researchers for its promising future uses in 5G systems. In this paper, a Computer Generated-Sparse Code Multiple Access (CG-SCMA) is proposed. CG-SCMA generates a complex SCMA codebook that maximizes the Minimum Euclidian Distance (MinED) of 16-point star-QAM. This codebook is generated using computer program to specify the most appropriate values for this constellation. Then Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) is used to divide the constellation into four sub constellations to maximize MinED. The new codebook reaches MinED for four sub constellations {3.46, 2.16, 2.16, 3.46} and achieves increment over SCMA codebook based 16-point star-QAM by 10.1%. The multiplexer and de-multiplexer for proposed codebook and traditional SCAM codebook is implemented using netFPGA-1G-CML Kintex-7. it can speed up the process by 597.6 times over MATLAB simulator and decreasing BER compared to open literature codebooks.

Indeks Keberlanjutan Dimensi Peraturan Dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan PLTN Di Indonesia

Salah satu manfaat nilai indeks keberlanjutan dimensi peraturan untuk menyempurnakan peraturan perencanaan pembangunan PLTN sampai di tingkat pemerintah daerah, serta sebagai bahan masukan dokumen Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP) di Indonesia. Tujuan kajian mendapatkan nilai indeks keberlanjutan dari dimensi peraturan dalam rangka rencana pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (PLTN) di Indonesia seiring revolusi industri 4.0. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) dengan memetakan persepsi (perceptual mapping) yang mengandalkan Euclidian Distance antara satu atribut dengan atribut lainnya. Hasil analisis MDS yang menyertakan 16 peraturan menunjukan indeks keberlanjutan dimensi peraturan sebesar 42,89 (belum berkelanjutan). Sebagai langkah nyata, Peraturan Pemerintah RI No.61 tahun 2013 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Radioaktif dengan RMS 6,43, dan Keputusan Presiden No. 106 tahun 2001 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Keselamatan Nuklir dengan RMS 6,18 layak disertakan dalam dokumen perencanaan untuk level provinsi dan daerah.

The Grouping of Species Saurauia Willd. in West Sumatera Based on Morphometric Analysis and Pollination System

Saurauia Willd. is a genus of perennial plant or bush which usually found in highland forest or as rheophyte in rocky areas along the river bed. There are 12 species of this genus found in West Sumatera. The purpose of this research is to analyze the grouping of Saurauia species based on morphometric analysis and determine the pollination system based on pollen-ovule (P/O) ratio. The research has been conducted since September 2014 until December 2015 by using the self-collected specimen and Herbarium ANDA specimen. Morphometric analysis was applied to all 12 species which consist of 21 morphological characters and pollen–ovule (P/O) ratio was applied to 10 species. The results of this research are: generally the euclidian distance is ranged 7.35-14.73. The shortest one is S. cerea and S. laxa which d point is 7.35 and the longest one is S. cerea and Saurauia sp. which the d point is 14.73. Saurauia sp. is closely related with S. leprosa and S. bracteosa which are belonged to same sub cluster and having the same character which are glabrous leaf surface, acuminate apex and 5 similar sepals. Pollen-ovule (P/O) ratio determined the pollination system of Saurauia is xenogami.

Kamuflase dan Strategi Antipredasi Pada Kepiting Hantu Ocypode (Weber, 1795) di Pantai Congot, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Antipredation adalah salah satu jenis adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh hewan mangsa dalam menghadapi predator, baik yang menghindar maupun bertarung. Strategi antipredasi yang paling sering dilakukan oleh beberapa hewan adalah dengan menipu para predator, salah satunya dengan kamuflase. Dalam kepiting hantu yang disamarkan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik pencocokan latar belakang, yang mengubah warna tubuh mereka dan mencocokkannya dengan warna lingkungan mereka dengan menyesuaikan konsentrasi dan dispersi pigmen di chromatophore (Davies, 2013). Selain kamuflase, kepiting hantu juga menjadikan lubang sebagai tempat persembunyian pemangsa. Dengan mengacu pada strategi kamuflase dan antipredasi pada Kepiting Hantu (Ocypode), perlu dilakukan penelitian yang meneliti perilaku strategi antipredasi yang mencakup kamuflase dan arsitektur liang kepiting hantu di Pantai Congot, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini termasuk mengambil data potret cahaya tampak menggunakan Ocypode dan lingkungannya untuk menganalisis nilai RGB, kemudian membandingkan komposisi RGB dengan spesimen dan lingkungannya dengan indeks Euclidean Distance. Selain itu, pengumpulan data arsitektur liang menggunakan bubuk gypsum disterilkan dengan air dan kemudian dibiarkan kering dan kemudian hasil cetakan diukur dan dianalisis. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain nilai Euclidian Distance sebesar 0,12 yang menunjukkan bahwa warna pada karapas sesuai dengan warna lingkungan. Selain itu, ada 29 cor arsitektur liang yang terdiri dari 20 bentuk-I, 2 bentuk-J, 2 bentuk-L, 1 bentuk spiral 3-Y, dan 1 bentuk kompleks.