Resistance to wheat leaf rust and stem rust in Triticum tauschii and inheritance in hexaploid wheat of resistance transferred from T. tauschii

Twelve accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. were genetically analyzed for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f.sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four genes conferring seedling resistance to leaf rust, one gene conferring seedling resistance to stem rust, and one gene conferring adult-plant resistance to stem rust were identified. These genes were genetically distinct from genes previously transferred to common wheat from T. tauschii and conferred resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogen races. Two of the four seedling leaf rust resistance genes were not expressed in synthetic hexaploids, produced by combining tetraploid wheat with the resistant T. tauschii accessions, probably owing to the action of one or more intergenomic suppressor loci on the A or B genome. The other two seedling leaf rust resistance genes were expressed at the hexaploid level as effectively as in the source diploids. One gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2D more than 50 cM from the centromere and the other was mapped to chromosome 5D. Suppression of seedling resistance to leaf rust in synthetic hexaploids derived from three accessions of T. tauschii allowed the detection of three different genes conferring adult-plant resistance to a broad spectrum of leaf rust races. The gene for seedling resistance to stem rust was mapped to chromosome ID. The degree of expression of this gene at the hexaploid level was dependent on the genetic background in which it occurred and on environmental conditions. The expression of the adult-plant gene for resistance to stem rust was slightly diminished in hexaploids. The production of synthetic hexaploids was determined to be the most efficient and flexible method for transferring genes from T. tauschii to T. aestivum, but crossing success was determined by the genotypes of both parents. Although more laborious, the direct introgression method of crossing hexaploid wheat with T. tauschii has the advantages of enabling selection for maximum expression of resistance in the background hexaploid genotype and gene transfer into an agronomically superior cultivar.Key words: Triticum tauschii, rust resistance, gene expression, gene transfer, wheat, synthetic hexaploid.

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Characterization of Leaf Rust Resistance in Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1127 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (10) ◽

pp. 1127-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

L. M. Oelke ◽

J. A. Kolmer

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Seedling Leaf ◽

Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is the most common disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in hard red spring wheat cultivars grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and postulate the identity of the seedling leaf rust resistance genes in the cultivars. Twenty-six cultivars, near-isogenic lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes, and three wheat cultivars with known leaf rust resistance genes, were tested with 11 different isolates of leaf rust collected from the United States and Canada. The leaf rust infection types produced on seedling plants of the cultivars in greenhouse tests were compared with the infection types produced by the same isolates on the Thatcher near-isogenic lines to postulate which seedling leaf rust resistance genes were present. Seedling leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, Lr16, Lr21, and Lr24 were postulated to be present in spring wheat cultivars. Seedling genes Lr3, Lr14a, and Lr23 likely were present in some cultivars but could not be clearly identified in this study. Most of the cultivars had some level of adult plant leaf rust resistance, most likely due to Lr34. Cultivars that had seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, or Lr16 had poor to intermediate levels of leaf rust resistance in field plots. Cultivars with combinations of seedling resistance genes Lr16 and Lr24 with additional adult plant resistance were highly resistant to leaf rust.

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Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance in Six Durum Wheat Genotypes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-03-14-0065-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (12) ◽

pp. 1322-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexander Loladze ◽

Dhouha Kthiri ◽

Curtis Pozniak ◽

Karim Ammar

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Allelism Tests

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. This study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. Six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines and the resulting F1, F2, and F3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. In addition, allelism tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that most genotypes carried single effective dominant or recessive seedling resistance genes; the only exception to this was genotype Gaza, which carried one adult plant and one seedling resistance gene. In addition, it was concluded that the resistance genes identified in the current study were neither allelic to LrCamayo or Lr61, nor were they related to Lr3 or Lr14a, the genes that already are either ineffective or are considered to be vulnerable for breeding purposes. A complicated allelic or linkage relationship between the identified genes is discussed. The results of the study will be useful for breeding for durable resistance by creating polygenic complexes.

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Identification of stem rust and leaf rust resistance genes in Amagalon oats

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01084 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. N. Adhikari ◽

R. A. McIntosh

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Unique Source ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Studies were undertaken to identify the genes conferring stem rust and leaf rust resistances in Amagalon and to determine the usefulness of this line as a source of rust resistance in oat breeding programs. Amagalon was crossed with certain rust-resistant and rust-susceptible lines and segregating populations were tested with pathotypes of Puccinia graminis avenae and P. coronata avenae. Tests with the widely virulent P. graminis avenae pt 94+Pg-13 indicated that resistance in Amagalon was governed by the complementary recessive gene complex known as Pg-a. This hypothesis was further substantiated by temperature sensitivity tests and by a test of induced susceptibility to stem rust, known to be unique to lines possessing Pg-a. However, Amagalon yielded a unique source of resistance to leaf rust that was effective against current pathotypes of P. coronata avenae in Australia. This gene, assumed to be Pc91, was inherited independently of a second leaf rust resistance gene present in cv. Culgoa. It was concluded that Amagalon is a useful source of resistance to leaf rust that should be used in combination with other genes for resistance to prolong its effectiveness.

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Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10252 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

C. R. Wellings ◽

R. A. McIntosh ◽

R. F. Park

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

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Transfer to hexaploid wheat of linked genes for adult-plant leaf rust and seedling stem rust resistance from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-079 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 530-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

E. R. Kerber ◽

P. L. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Aegilops Speltoides ◽

Plant Leaf

A partially dominant gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance together with a linked, partially dominant gene for stem rust resistance were transferred to the hexaploid wheat cultivar 'Marquis' from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum by direct crossing and backcrossing. Pathological evidence indicated that the alien resistance genes were derived from Ae. speltoides. Differential transmission of the resistance genes through the male gametes occurred in hexaploid hybrids involving the resistant 'Marquis' stock and resulted in distorted segregation ratios. In heterozygotes, pairing between the chromosome arm with the alien segment and the corresponding arm of the normal wheat chromosome was greatly reduced. The apparent close linkage between the two resistance genes, 3 ± 1.07 crossover units, was misleading because of this decrease in pairing in the presence of the 5B diploidizing mechanism. The newly identified gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance, located on chromosome 2B, is different from adult-plant resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, and Lr22 and from that in the hexaploid accession PI250413; it has been designated Lr35. It is not known whether the newly transferred gene for stem rust resistance differs from Sr32, also derived from Ae. speltoides and located on chromosomes 2B.Key words: hexaploid, Triticum, Aegilops, aneuploid, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia recondita.

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THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO INTERSPECIFIC SOURCES OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF COMMON WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps88-076 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 633-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. L. DYCK ◽

O. M. LUKOW

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Kernel Protein

Gene Lr29 transferred from Agropyron elongatum to chromosome 7D of wheat and gene LrVPM transferred from VPM1 both segregated as single genes for seedling resistance to leaf rust when backcrossed into common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although the seedling resistance of the VPM lines was intermediate, their adult plant resistance was excellent. This resistance was not on chromosome 7D. The VPM lines also had seedling and adult plant resistance to stem rust. Resistant backcross lines with either Lr29 or LrVPM had higher kernel protein levels than did susceptible sister lines under both rust and rust-free conditions. Although this higher protein content was associated with weaker dough mixing properties, the remix loaf volume remained constant. Leaf rust infection had a detrimental effect on grain yield and kernel weight and on wheat quality as shown by decreased kernel protein content and farinograph absorption. Dough mixing strength was higher for the rust infected lines than the rust resistant lines.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), leaf rust resistance, protein content, breadmaking quality

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Identification and mapping of two adult plant leaf rust resistance genes in durum wheat

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-019-1024-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caixia Lan ◽

Zhikang Li ◽

Sybil A. Herrera-Foessel ◽

Julio Huerta-Espino ◽

Bhoja R. Basnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

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Postulation of seedling leaf rust resistance genes in 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(14)61002-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1992-2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiao-li REN ◽

Tai-guo LIU ◽

Bo LIU ◽

Li GAO ◽

Wan-quan CHEN

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Seedling Leaf ◽

Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

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Evaluation of Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) and Identification of the Sources of Lr Resistance Genes Using Molecular Markers

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1484

Author(s):

Alma Kokhmetova ◽

Shynbolat Rsaliyev ◽

Makpal Atishova ◽

Madina Kumarbayeva ◽

Angelina Malysheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Ptr), is a significant disease of spring wheat spread in Kazakhstan. The development of resistant cultivars importantly requires the effective use of leaf rust resistance genes. This study aims to: (i) determine variation in Ptr population using races from the East Kazakhstan, Akmola, and Almaty regions of Kazakhstan; (ii) examine resistance during seedling and adult plant stages; and (iii) identify the sources of Lr resistance genes among the spring wheat collection using molecular markers. Analysis of a mixed population of Ptr identified 25 distinct pathotypes. Analysis of these pathotypes using 16 Thatcher lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes (Lr) showed different virulence patterns, ranging from least virulent “CJF/B” and “JCL/G” to highly virulent “TKT/Q”. Most of the pathotypes were avirulent to Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, and Lr25 and virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, Lr3ka, Lr11, and Lr30. The Ptr population in Kazakhstan is diverse, as indicated by the range of virulence observed in five different races analyzed in this study. The number of genotypes showed high levels of seedling resistance to each of the five Ptr races, thus confirming genotypic diversity. Two genotypes, Stepnaya 62 and Omskaya 37, were highly resistant to almost all five tested Ptr pathotypes. Stepnaya 62, Omskaya 37, Avangard, Kazakhstanskaya rannespelaya, and Kazakhstanskaya 25 were identified as the most stable genotypes for seedling resistance. However, most of the varieties from Kazakhstan were susceptible in the seedling stage. Molecular screening of these genotypes showed contrasting differences in the genes frequencies. Among the 30 entries, 22 carried leaf rust resistance gene Lr1, and two had Lr9 and Lr68. Lr10 and Lr28 were found in three and four cultivars, respectively. Lr19 was detected in Omskaya 37. Two single cultivars separately carried Lr26 and Lr34, while Lr37 was not detected in any genotypes within this study. Field evaluation demonstrated that the most frequent Lr1 gene is ineffective. Kazakhstanskaya 19 and Omskaya 37 had the highest number of resistance genes: three and four Lr genes, respectively. Two gene combinations (Lr1, Lr68) were detected in Erythrospermum 35 and Astana. The result obtained may assist breeders in incorporating effective Lr genes into new cultivars and developing cultivars resistant to leaf rust.

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