Mechanisms and inheritance of first division restitution in hybrids of wheat, rye, and Aegilops squarrosa

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Xu ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Equatorial Plate ◽  
First Division Restitution ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Golden Ball

First division restitution (FDR) in intergeneric Triticeae hybrids provides an important meiotic mechanism for the production of amphidiploids without the use of colchicine and similar chemicals. The genetic controls of FDR were investigated by examining microsporogenesis and fertility in F1 hybrids of two- and three-way crosses of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars Langdon (LDN) and Golden Ball (GB), 'Gazelle' rye (Secale cereale L.), and one accession (RL5286) of Aegilops squarrosa L. The results from two-way crosses indicated that the first meiotic division varied, depending on the hybrid. GB crossed with Ae. squarrosa developed tripolar spindles and prevented congregation of chromosomes at the equatorial plate. The hybrid of GB with rye had a delayed first division. But, the hybrids of LDN with both Ae. squarrosa and rye had a high frequency of FDR. Analysis from the three-way crosses indicated that inheritance in rye crosses differed from those with Ae. squarrosa. FDR segregated in a 1:1 ratio in the rye cross, suggesting that the FDR is controlled by a single gene from LDN. However, FDR fit a 1:3 ratio in the three-way crosses with Ae. squarrosa. Cytological data suggested that tripolar spindles are a major factor preventing FDR in Ae. squarrosa crosses. Some progenies from the three-way cross with rye had a high frequency of monads that resulted from second division failure of FDR cells.Key words: durum wheat, rye, Aegilops squarrosa, first division restitution, tripolar spindle.

The scs and Vi genes correct a syndrome of cytoplasmic effects in alloplasmic durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Maan
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Preferential Transmission ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa

The nucleus of Triticum turgidum L. var. durum is incompatible with cytoplasms of Aegilops squarrosa L., Ae. cylindrica Host, Ae. uniaristata Vis., and Ae. longissima S. &M. However, durum lines with these cytoplasms were obtained by adding a telosome from Ae. uniaristata (un telosome) or a 1DL telosome from T. aestivum L. 'Selkirk'. The Ae. squarrosa and Ae. cylindrica 29-chromosome plants with 1DL telosome were partially fertile. While Ae. uniaristata or Ae. longissima 29-chromosome plants with 1DL or un telosome were male sterile. The four alloplasmic lines set a few plump and a large number of shrivelled seed from crosses with euploid durum. Only plump seed germinated and produced 29-chromosome plants in successive backcrosses. The telosomes must have a species cytoplasm specific (scs) gene(s) that improved nucleocytoplasmic (NCC) and embryo–endosperm compatibility (EEC), but scs was not transferred to a durum chromosome because telosomes remained meiotically unpaired in 29-chromosome plants. However, a scs gene with similar effects was transferred from T. timopheevii Zhuk. to Ae. longissima euploid durum. The resulting plants were male sterile and set a 1:1 ratio of plump and shrivelled seed. This paper reports that a vitality gene (Vi) restored NCC, EEC, seed viability, fertility, and vigor to Ae. longissima euploid F1's with scs from T. timopheevii. F1 progeny had a 1:1 ratio of fertile plants of normal vigor and low vigor plants (LVP). Thus, Vi had xenia effect, improved EEC, and corrected a syndrome of cytoplasmic effects in 50% of the F1's where Vi was epistatic or dominant to scs. The F2 and sucessive selfed progeny segregated for LVP but true breeding fertile plants were not obtained. Either scs and Vi were alleles, heterosexual gametes with scs and Vi were incompatible, scs had preferential transmission through the heterosexual gametophytes, or Vi was inactivated or remained unexpressed. Thus, scs and Vi had an unorthodox manner of inheritance and expression.Key words: Triticum, dfs, xenia effect, zygotic sterility, embryo–endosperm compatibility.

scholarly journals Lr72 Confers Resistance to Leaf Rust in Durum Wheat Cultivar Atil C2000

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
V. Calvo-Salazar ◽  
C. X. Lan ◽  
R. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance Gene

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), has become a globally important disease for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) since the detection of race group BBG/BN, which renders ineffective a widely deployed seedling resistance gene present in several popular cultivars including Mexican cultivars Altar C84 and Atil C2000. The resistance gene continues to play a key role in protecting durum wheat against bread wheat–predominant races since virulence among this race group has not been found. We developed F3 and F5 mapping populations from a cross between Atil C2000 and the susceptible line Atred #1. Resistance was characterized by greenhouse seedling tests using three Pt races. Segregation tests indicated the presence of a single gene, which was mapped to the distal end of 7BS by bulk segregant analysis. The closest marker, wmc606, was located 5.5 cM proximal to the gene. No known leaf rust resistance genes are reported in this region; this gene was therefore designated as Lr72. The presence of Lr72 was further investigated in greenhouse tests in a collection of durum wheat using 13 Pt races. It was concluded that at least one additional gene protects durum wheat from bread wheat–predominant Pt races.

REACTION OF TRITICALE AND SPRING RYE TO LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Twenty-seven lines of triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) were inoculated with a mixture of races T1 to T5 of loose smut of wheat (Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.); six lines were susceptible with the level of infection ranging up to 67%. The race virulent on three of the lines was found to be T4, a race characterized by virulence on cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). Of 119 cultivars of spring rye (Secale cereale L.) that were inoculated with the mixture of races, 68 were infected. The races virulent on five cultivars were found to be T2 on four, and T4 on one. The level of infection ranged up to 37%.

The assessment of boron toxicity tolerance in F6 RILs of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. durum (Desf.) Mackey]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belgin Göçmen Taşkın ◽  
Özlem Özbek ◽  
Sibel Keskin Şan ◽  
Miloudi Mikael Nachit ◽  
Zeki Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Boron Toxicity

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

scholarly journals Field resistance to wheat stem rust in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. durum ) accessions deposited at the USDA National Small Grains Collection

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo D. Olivera ◽  
Worku D. Bulbula ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Harold E. Bockelman ◽  
Erena A. Edae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Small Grains

Transcend Durum wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.

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