RAPD markers linked to the nuclear gene from Triticum timopheevii that confers compatibility with Aegilops squarrosa cytoplasm on alloplasmic durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Asakura ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura ◽  
Ichiro Ohtsuka
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Triticum Timopheevii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa

Alien cytoplasms cause a wide range of phenotypic alterations in the nucleus–cytoplasm (NC) hybrids in the Triticeae. Nuclear genomes of timopheevii wheat (Triticum timopheevii and Triticum araraticum) are fully compatible with the cytoplasm of Aegilops squarrosa, while those of a majority of emmer or durum wheat cultivars and more than half the wild emmer wheats are incompatible, and a maternal 1D chromosome is required to restore seed viability and male fertility in the NC hybrids. A euploid NC hybrid of Triticum durum cv. Langdon with Ae. squarrosa cytoplasm produced by introgressing the NC compatibility (Ncc) gene from T. timopheevii was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to it. After a survey of 200 random decamer primers, four markers were selected, all of which were completely linked in 64 individuals of a SB8 mapping population. One marker was derived from a single locus, while three others were from interspersed repetitive sequences. Also, the hybrid chromosomes and those of the parental T. durum had identical C-banding patterns. RAPD-PCR analysis of 65 accessions from wild and cultivated tetraploid wheat species showed the exclusive presence of the markers in timopheevii wheat. In conclusion, the chromosomal region flanking Ncc of T. timopheevii is highly conserved in the genome of this group of tetraploid wheats.Key words: nucleus–cytoplasm compatibility, Ncc gene, Aegilops squarrosa, Triticum timopheevii, tetraploid wheat, RAPD marker.

Homoeoallelic gene Ncc-tmp of Triticum timopheevii conferring compatibility with the cytoplasm of Aegilops squarrosa in the tetraploid wheat nuclear background

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Asakura ◽  
Chiharu Nakamura ◽  
Ichiro Ohtsuka
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Triticum Timopheevii ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Group 1 Chromosomes ◽  
Marker Phenotype ◽  
Group 1

A nuclear gene, Ncc-tmp1A, of Triticum timopheevii is required for the nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) compatibility in tetraploid NC hybrids with the cytoplasm of Aegilops squarrosa. A euploid NC hybrid of T. durum was previously produced by introgressing the gene from chromosome 1A of T. timopheevii. To examine the possible presence of a functional homoeoallele in the G genome of T. timopheevii, segregation of seed viability was studied as a marker phenotype in BC1s involving the two types of NC hybrids, (Ae. squarrosa) - T. timopheevii and (Ae. squarrosa) - T. turgidum. The result of these test crosses suggested that the G genome possesses a functional homoeoallele Ncc-tmp1G. Segregation of two RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers that were closely linked to Ncc-tmp1A was further studied among the viable BC1s obtained from a test cross of (Ae. squarrosa) - T. timopheevii × T. turgidum. Some viable BC1 segregants without the markers were obtained, suggesting a limited degree of transmission of chromosome 1G carrying Ncc-tmp1G. However, a similar RAPD analysis of BC1s obtained after backcrosses of reciprocal F1s of T. timopheevii / T. turgidum with T. turgidum showed random marker segregation. Thus, it was concluded that Ncc-tmp1A is not required for compatibility with its own cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis of the euploid NC hybrid using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers on the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes showed that Ncc-tmp1A locates in the centromeric region.Key words: nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) compatibility, Ncc genes, Aegilops squarrosa, Triticum timopheevii, durum wheat.

scholarly journals Segregation for Resistance to Eastern Filbert Blight in Progeny of `Zimmerman' Hazelnut

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
China F. Lunde ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
David C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight

Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is an important disease of european hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in the Pacific northwestern United States. In 1989, a chance seedling free of EFB was discovered adjacent to a severely diseased orchard near Troutdale, Ore. This selection, subsequently named `Zimmerman', was crossed with three susceptible selections. Based on morphological characters and incompatibility alleles, we speculated that `Zimmerman' (S1 S3) was a hybrid between `Barcelona' (S1 S2) and `Gasaway' (S3 S26). The three seedling populations were inoculated with spores of the pathogen in a greenhouse test and assayed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by observation of canker incidence. The observed segregation fit a 3 resistant : 1 susceptible ratio in all three progenies, in contrast to the 1 : 1 ratio found when the resistant pollinizer `Gasaway' was crossed to susceptible genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker UBC 152800 linked to the resistance gene in `Gasaway' co-segregated with the resistant phenotype in all three populations with 2%, 4%, and 6% recombination, respectively. Seed germination and transplanting records did not provide evidence of selection in favor of resistant seedlings. Pollen germination was 71% in `Gasaway', 29% in `Zimmerman', and 18% in `Barcelona', indicating possible selection at the gametophytic level. Subsequently 16 resistant seedlings of `Zimmerman' were crossed with the highly susceptible selection OSU 313.078. Segregation fit a 3 : 1 ratio in 14 of the 16 progenies, and showed a surplus of resistant seedlings in the other two. None showed a 1 : 1 segregation. Resistance co-segregated with two RAPD markers that flank the `Gasaway' resistance allele. To test allelism of resistance from `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman', VR 6-28 with resistance from `Gasaway' was crossed with `Zimmerman'. Eight resistant selections from this progeny were crossed with OSU 313.078. Five of the eight progenies segregated 3 : 1, two progenies segregated 1 : 1, and OSU 313.078 × OSU 720.056 gave only resistant offspring. The ratios indicate that OSU 720.056 is homozygous resistant and that `Zimmerman' and `Gasaway' share a common resistance allele. Reciprocal translocations have been reported in hazelnut cultivars, including `Barcelona', the leading cultivar in Oregon. `Zimmerman' appears to be a hybrid of `Barcelona' and `Gasaway', but because of cytogenetic abnormalities, `Zimmerman' may have inherited two copies of the chromosome region that contain the resistance locus and flanking RAPD markers. If the region containing the resistance were attached to two independent centromeres, a 3 : 1 segregation ratio for disease response and flanking markers would be expected, and we propose this as the most likely explanation. Resistance from `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman' has been called “immunity” or “complete resistance.” However, we noted a few seedlings with small cankers, nearly all of which lacked sporulating stromata. Flanking RAPD markers indicate that the resistance allele is present in these seedlings. Although not “immune” or “completely resistant,” `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman' transmit a very high level of resistance.

Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Yu ◽  
K. P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Chromatid Segregation

An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species.Key words: RAPD markers, tetraploid alfalfa, segregation, linkage groups.

Identification of RAPD markers linked to a gene governing cadmium uptake in durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg A. Penner ◽  
Leslie J. Bezte ◽  
Dave Leisle ◽  
John Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Cadmium Uptake ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Selection For

Temperature sweep gel electrophoresis in combination with random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was employed to detect two markers for a single gene governing low cadmium uptake in western Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Analysis of progeny derived from a cross of the high cadmium accumulating cultivar Kyle by the low cadmium accumulating cultivar Nile resulted in linkage estimates of 4.6 (OPC-20) and 21.2 (UBC-180) cM. The closest marker (OPC-20) was shown to be useful for making low cadmium uptake selections from two other sources of low cadmium, 'Biodur' and 'Hercules'. The marker was further used to determine the genetic basis of resistance in 20 introduced durum wheat lines. Within this diverse range of germplasm the marker was correlated with cadmium contents as expected in all but two cases. Plant breeding selection for low cadmium genotypes is hindered by the high cost of chemical determination of cadmium content. Marker assisted selection for a low cadmium uptake gene offers an effective alternative.Key words: cadmium, durum wheat, RAPD markers, marker assisted selection, temperature sweep gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Phenotype Instability in Botrytis cinerea in the Absence of Benzimidazole and Dicarboximide Fungicides

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Yourman ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
R. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Rapd Fingerprints ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Conidium Germination

Stability of phenotypes of isolates of Botrytis cinerea that were sensitive or resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides was examined in the absence of fungicides in laboratory and growth room experiments. Twelve greenhouse isolates of B. cinerea were subcultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 20 generations and on geranium seedlings for 15 generations. Three isolates of each of the following four phenotypes were used: sensitive to the fungicides thiophanate-methy1 (a benzimidazole) and vinclozolin (a dicarboximide) (STSV), resistant to both fungicides (RTRV), resistant to thiophanate-methy1 and sensitive to vinclozolin (RTSV), and sensitive to thiophanate-methy1 and resistant to vinclozolin (STRV). In three trials on PDA, 36 populations were subcultured; 8 populations changed phenotypes by the end of 20 generations, as determined by conidium germination on fungicide-amended medium. Five of the eight initially were STRV; the resulting phenotypes were STSV, RTSV, and RTRV. Populations from eight other isolates exhibited temporary changes in phenotype during intermediate generations on PDA but reverted to initial phenotypes by the twentieth generation; five of these populations changed to phenotype RTRV. In two geranium seedling trials, each of the 12 greenhouse isolates was inoculated onto a set of three seedlings for each generation, and diseased tissue that developed was used to initiate the next generation. Therefore, a total of 72 populations of B. cinerea were subcultured in the two trials; 5 of these populations changed phenotype at the end of 15 generations. Three of the five initially were STRV; these changed to phenotypes STSV or RTRV. In each of the two trials on geranium seedlings, a population subcultured from one STSV isolate changed phenotype one to phenotype RTRV and one to phenotype RTSV. In all trials, no population resistant to thiophanate-methy1 changed to a thiophanate-methy1-sensitive phenotype, and no population changed to phenotype STRV. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were generated with the 12 initial isolates and 49 isolates subcultured on PDA or geranium seedlings. Cluster analyses of RAPD markers showed that subcultured isolates exhibiting the same phenotype clustered together and that subcultured isolates derived from a common greenhouse isolate but with different phenotypes were in different clusters. Some populations that did not change phenotype exhibited considerable differences in RAPD marker patterns. The results of this study indicate that, in the absence of fungicides, sensitive populations of B. cinerea can develop resistance to thiophanate-methy1 and vinclozolin, and this resistance can be maintained in populations through multiple generations. Populations resistant only to vinclozolin (STRV) exhibited a high frequency of phenotype change, and populations resistant to both fungicides (RTRV) were stable.

scholarly journals Variability among selective guava (Psidium guajava L.) varieties revealed by morphology and RAPD marker

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Kazi Didarul Islam ◽  
SM Mahbubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Range Of Variation

The research was conducted for the assessment of genetic diversity using both morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of twelve guava (Psidium guajava L.) varieties growing in Bangladesh. Morphological characterization of guava varieties showed a wide range of variation. The highest variability was observed between Poly and Jelly varieties.Polymerase chain reaction with 5 arbitrary 10-mer and 3 arbitrary 12- mer RAPD primers produced a total of 50 bands of which 75.23 percent were polymorphic. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (100%) was observed for primer A and the lowest (50%) for A03 primer. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed the segregation pattern and the difference of evolutionary changes. Guava varieties were separated into two main groups, one of them was made up of Chineese, Jelly, Kazi, Apple, L-49, Local-2 and Local-3. The other one was made up of Local-1, Poly, Kashi, Thai and Bombay. The highest genetic distance between Apple and Kazi peyara indicate that these varieties might be interesting in breeding programme for improving trait of interest. This scientific information could be used for further improvement of guava. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 89-98, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals 332 GENETIC SIMILARITIES AMONG CHINESE VEGETABLE BRASSICAS USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478b-478
Author(s):  
Jianping Ren ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
lames R. McFerson ◽  
Stephen Kresovich ◽  
Jianping Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Chinese Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Brassicas

Fifty-two germplasm accessions of Chinese vegetable Brassicas were analyzed using 112 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The array of material examined spanned a wide range of morphological, geographic, and genetic diversity, and included 30 accessions of Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, turnip, broccoletto), 18 accessions of B. juncea (leaf, stem, and root mustards), and 4 accessions of B. oleracea ssp.alboglabra (Chinese kale). The RAPD markers unambiguously identified all 52 accessions. Net and Li genetic similarities were computed and used in UPGMA cluster analyses. Accessions and subspecies clustered into groups corresponding to the three species, but some accessions of some subspecies were most closely related to accessions belonging to another subspecies. Using genetic similarities, it was found that Chinese cabbage is more. likely to have been produced by hybridization of turnip and pakchoi, than as a selection from either turnip or pakchoi alone. RAPD markers provide a fast, efficient technique for diversity assessment that complements methods currently in use in genetic resources collections.

scholarly journals 666 PB 110 RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS ARE INADEQUATE FOR FINGERPRINTING GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 528c-528
Author(s):  
Alan T. Bakalinsky ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Diane J. Wilson ◽  
S. Arulsekar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Length Variant

A total of eight random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were generated in a screen of 77 primers of 10-base length and were detected reproducibly among nine different grape (Vitis) rootstocks. Occasional failed amplifications could not be explained rationally nor easily corrected by systematic replacement of individual reaction components. In an effort to improve their reliability, the RAPD markers were cloned, their termini sequenced, and new sequence-specific primer pairs were synthesized based on addition of 10 to 14 bases to the 3' termini of the original 10-mers. Six pairs of the new primers were evaluated at their optimal and higher-than optimal annealing temperatures. One primer pair amplified a product the same size as the original RAPD marker in all rootstocks, resulting in loss of polymorphism. Post-amplification digestion with 7 different restriction endonucleases failed to reveal restriction site differences. Three primer pairs amplified an unexpected length variant in some accessions. Two other pairs of primers amplified a number of unexpected bands. Better approaches for exploiting the sequence differences that account for the RAPD phenomenon will be discussed.

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 452F-452
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
K.A. Schierenbeck ◽  
R.M. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Dna Template

Maintenance of garlic (A. sativum L.) germplasm collections is based on year-to-year vegetative propagation of individual accessions. Several accessions are phenotypically similar, often originating from the same region of the world, but have been collected by different people at different times. These accessions are currently maintained as separate and unique samples, but may represent genetic duplication in the collection. In order to identify genetic duplication in the USDA collection, 45 garlic Plant Introduction accessions from the garlic USDA germplasm collection were analyzed for RAPD marker polymorphism. The samples originated from 20 countries worldwide. RAPD bands were generated by 20 decamer primers, using 100-ng DNA template, and 38 PCR amplification cycles. Polymorphism between accessions was defined as presence or absence of particular bands at given loci. However, a few distinguishing RAPD markers were established for selected accessions, identifying additional molecular markers to wholly assess the similarities or polymorphism of the garlic collection units is necessary.

scholarly journals Genotypic diversity assessment of some durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes using RAPD analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
RATIBA BΟUSBA ◽  
SARA GUERAICHE ◽  
MALIKA RACHED KANOUNI ◽  
RABAH BΟUNAR ◽  
ABDELHAMID DJEKΟUNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Local Genotypes

Abstract. Bousba R, Gueraiche S, Kanouni MR, Bounar R, Djekoune A, Khammar H, Nadia Y. 2020. Genotypic diversity assessment of some durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes using RAPD analysis. Biodiversitas 21: 2696-2701. Knowledge of genetic variability in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is of major importance in the development of breeding programs and the preservation of local landrace resources. The objective of this study is to highlight the molecular polymorphism among six durum wheat genotypes from different origins and characterized by different sensitivity to drought tolerance (tolerant, semi-tolerant, and non-tolerant). 15 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the molecular diversity of these genotypes. Our results show a total of one hundred and sixty-nine amplicons, where one hundred and twenty-four are polymorphic bands. The number of bands per primer ranged from two (OPJ-06) to fifteen bands (primers OPE-13 and OPB-01). The values of the Allelic frequency varied from 1 (OPJ-06) to 0.20 (OPA-17) and 0.19 (OPE-13, OPO-06, B-19 and OPA-20). Also, the values of the coefficient of genetic similarity range from 0.69 to 0.80, these results indicate a large variation between tested genotypes. According to the dendrogram generated by the RAPD approach, we obtained four distinct groups: the first one (G1) contains GTADUR and KORIFFLA x SHAM, the second group (G2) contains the local genotype BIDI-17. However, the genotype WAHA was in the third group (G3), the fourth and fifth groups contained the genotypes CIRTA and TELL, respectively. A complementary analysis was done to estimate genetic differentiation, using CPA Analysis that indicated four groups among the six genotypes, where, the local genotypes BIDI-17 and CIRTA were classified together. For allele’s richness, the local genotypes show in this investigation, the highest values in comparison to the introduced genotypes, which suggested the performance of the RAPD markers (high polymorphism and fast genetic analysis). The molecular markers RAPD-PCR type, despite their non-specific characteristics, has shown a strong aptitude for genetic characterization in durum wheat and a high level of polymorphism, which makes it possible in a preliminary study to make exploitable discrimination. These results may be helpful in the improvement and varietal selection, and useful in accelerating breeding programs of durum wheat.

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