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2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
T. S. Ershova ◽  
V. F. Zaitsev ◽  
V. A. Chaplygin ◽  
A. S. Khursanov

Author(s):  
Yu. I. Koval

   The authors present the results of a study of the effects of long-term (1.5 MPa) and short-term (5, 10 and 15 MPa) intoxication with heavy metals on the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The authors found that the addition of increased concentrations of toxicants to the diet leads to their accumulation in poultry’s muscle, fat tissues, and skin. According to the study, lead content increases by 2.25 times, cadmium content increases by 6.5 times. Lipophilic compounds Tiofan and Tiofan M have the most pronounced detoxifying effect in chronic intoxication. Fantox 11-1 is the most pronounced detoxifying effect among hydrophilic compounds, which are inferior to lipophilic ones. Accumulation of heavy metals in the body led to a decrease in the antioxidant status of poultry. There was an acceleration of oxidative processes in long-term experimental toxicosis up to 3.10, up to 21.00 times in the short-term. The addition of 100 mg of lipophilic antioxidants per 1 kg of live weight to the diet with 7.5 mg of lead and 0.75 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of feed resulted in a decrease in the rate of oxidation reactions. The presence of lead and cadmium ions in the tissues of poultry caused a reduction of induction periods in the temperature-stabilized samples to 90 %. Enrichment of the diet with Thiophan and Fantox 11-1 increased this indicator up to 12.40 times. The hydrophilic antioxidant Fantox 11-1 dosage of 15 mg per 1 kg of live weight had a pronounced effect. Its introduction into the diet will correct the lack of endogenous antioxidants and increase the body’s antioxidant status under the influence of heavy metals.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Rezaei ◽  
Saeid Khanzadi ◽  
Ehsan Shamloo ◽  
Amir Salari

Abstract Water quality is the most important factor for consumers because it has a significant impact on their health. So, monitoring and controlling water quality is of particular significance in different human communities such as universities. In this study, the physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium ions, and heavy metals including lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, and chromium in drinking water were determined in nine Iranian universities. Then, the efficacy of several treatment methods was evaluated in the removal of heavy metal, including the boiling process in two stages: 5 minutes boiling and 5 hours boiling and filtration process. The results revealed that the physicochemical quality of drinking water in all universities was appropriate. Hardness levels in drinking water samples of all universities were higher than the WHO standards. However, this parameter was lower than the national standard of Iran (500 mg/l). Nevertheless, cadmium content was not detected in any samples, nickel content was below the permissible limit, and chromium content was below the permissible limit in all samples. However, its value was higher than the allowable limit in the university with a code of 6. Lead content was higher than the limit in samples with codes 3, 5-1, and 5-4, and arsenic content was higher than the limit in samples with codes 6, 1-1, 1-2, and 2. Water purification methods, including boiling and water purifier, were satisfactory and significantly reduced pollutants. According to the present study, it is suggested to check drinking water quality in universities randomly, and the 5-minute boiling method can be recommended as a cost-effective solution for water purification.


Author(s):  
Shuochen Jiang ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Qixia Wu ◽  
Haiwei Zhang ◽  
Youyu Deng ◽  
...  

AbstractCadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils has become a serious issue owing to its high toxicity threat to human health through the food chain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the availability of foliar selenium (Se) application in reducing Cd enrichment in brown rice. A field experiment from 2017 to 2019 was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar Se application on the physiology and yields of three rice cultivars and their accumulation of Cd in low-Cd and high-Cd soils. The grain protein contents and yields of rice plants grown in the high-Cd soil were lower than those of plants cultivated in the low-Cd soil by 27.85% and 6.82%, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd contents were higher by 66.06% and 91.47%, respectively. Se application reduced Cd translocation from the stems and leaves to the spikes, decreasing the Cd content in brown rice by 40.36%. Additionally, Se enhanced the antioxidative activity, glutathione and protein contents, and rice yield (7.58%) and decreased the MDA and proline contents. However, these Se effects weakened under the high-Cd soil. Foliar Se application can alleviate Cd-induced physiological stress in brown rice while improving its yield and reducing its Cd content.


Author(s):  
V. I. Voitovska ◽  
I. Yu. Rassadina ◽  
N. M. Klymovych ◽  
C. O. Tretiakova

Purpose. Determine the content of heavy metals in the grain of spring barley varieties of different application as affected by the duration of storage. Methods. In the years 2018–2020, 11 spring barley varieties of different applications were studied: grain ‘Stalker’, ‘Vodohrai’, ‘Vzirets’, ‘Ahrarii’, ‘Shchedryk’; universal ‘Enei’; malting ‘Kozak’, ‘Dokuchaievskyi 15’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Helios’, ‘Sviatohor’. The content of chemical elements in the grain (cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, copper, zinc) was determined in the dynamics: immediately after harvest, after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results. In the studied varieties of spring barley, the lead (Pb) content in the grain varied immediately after threshing and after 7 days ranged from 1.01 to 1.12 mg/kg. Reduction of the studied element after 14 days was observed in all varieties. In particular, the lead content was 1.03 mg/kg in ‘Shchedryk’, 1.01 mg/kg in ‘Stalker’, 1.00 mg/kg in ‘Vzirets’, 0,78 mg/kg (the lowest) in ‘Vodohrai’, and 1.12 mg/kg (the highest) in ‘Ahrarii’. Studies have shown that the most sensitive to cadmium (Cd) grain variety of spring barley was ‘Vzirets’ with the content of 0.09 mg/kg immediately after threshing and on the 7th day of storage; on the 14th, 21st and 28th days, the content was 0.08 mg/kg. The content of cadmium in malting barley grain immediately after threshing and after 7 days was 0.08 mg/kg in ‘Sviatohor’, and 0.09 mg/kg in all other varieties. On the 14th day, the accumulation remained unchanged in varieties ‘Dokuchaievskyi 15’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Helios’, ‘Sviatohor’; insignificant decrease was noted in ‘Kozak’ (0.07 mg/kg). After the storage for 21 and 28 days, the cadmium content was 0.07 mg/kg in ‘Sviatohor’ and ‘Kozak’, and 0.08 mg/kg in all others. Conclusions. The lowest cadmium content was determined in variety ‘Shchedryk’. Immediately after threshing and after 7 days of storage it was 0.05 mg/kg, and on the 14th, 21st and 28th days it decreased to 0.03 mg/kg. Immediately after threshing and after 7 days, the mercury content of the varieties varied from 0.07 to 0.03 mg/kg. After 14, 21 and 28 days, the following values were determined: in ‘Vodohrai’ 0.06 mg/kg, in ‘Stalker’ and ‘Vzirets’ 0.05 mg/kg, in ‘Ahrarii’ 0.04 mg/kg, ‘Shchedryk’ 0.3 mg/kg. Depending on the varietal characteristics and duration of storage, the highest content (14.05 mg/kg) was determined in ‘Ahrarii’, and the lowest (12.55 mg/kg) in ‘Shchedryk’. The study of the ‘Enei’ variety of spring barley of universal application allows us to note that the accumulation of heavy metals, as affected by the duration of storage, did not differ significantly from the grain varities.


YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kulkarni ◽  

Lithium-Cadmium ferrites with general formula Li0.5-x/2 Fe2.5-x/2 Cdx O4 (with x = 0,0.1,0.2....,0.7) were prepared by standard ceramic method. X-ray diffraction studies confirms single phase formation and lattice parameters were calculated. The crystal structure is cubic and lattice parameter increases with increasing Cd content. The infrared absorption (IR) spectra of all the samples were recorded in the range 200-800 cm-1 at room temperature in the KBr medium. Lithium ferrite shows four principal bands and some shoulders have been observed. The force constants Kt and Ko were calculated using Waldron's analysis. Scanning electron microscopy studies shows increase in grain size up to x = 0.1 and then the grain size decreases with increase in cadmium content.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qiao ◽  
Justin Wheeler ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Kyle Isham ◽  
Natalie Klassen ◽  
...  

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause a variety of adverse effects on human health, including cancer. Wheat comprises approximately 20% of the human diet worldwide; therefore, reducing the concentrations of Cd in wheat grain will have significant impacts on the intake of Cd in food products. The tests for measuring the Cd content in grain are costly, and the content is affected significantly by soil pH. To facilitate breeding for low Cd content, this study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated molecular markers that can be used in molecular breeding. One spring wheat population of 181 doubled haploid lines (DHLs), which was derived from a cross between two hard white spring wheat cultivars “UI Platinum” (UIP) and “LCS Star” (LCS), was assessed for the Cd content in grain in multiple field trials in Southeast Idaho, United States. Three major QTL regions, namely, QCd.uia2-5B, QCd.uia2-7B, and QCd.uia2-7D, were identified on chromosomes 5B, 7B, and 7D, respectively. All genes in these three QTL regions were identified from the NCBI database. However, three genes related to the uptake and transport of Cd were used in the candidate gene analysis. The sequences of TraesCS5B02G388000 (TaHMA3) in the QCd.uia2-5B region and TraesCS7B02G320900 (TaHMA2) and TraesCS7B02G322900 (TaMSRMK3) in the QCd.uia2-7B region were compared between UIP and LCS. TaHMA2 on 7B is proposed for the first time as a candidate gene for grain Cd content in wheat. A KASP marker associated with this gene was developed and it will be further validated in near-isogenic lines via a gene-editing system in future studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Meng-Xue Dai ◽  
Guang-Qun Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Xin Yang ◽  
Yong-Mei He ◽  
...  

This paper aims to investigate the mechanism by which dark septate endophytes (DSEs) enhance cadmium (Cd) tolerance in there host plants. Maize (Zea mays L.) was inoculated with a DSE, Exophiala pisciphila, under Cd stress at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg−1). The results show that, under 20 mg/kg Cd stress, DSE significantly increased maize biomass and plant height, indicating that DSE colonization can be utilized to increase the Cd tolerance of host plants. More Cd was retained in DSE-inoculated roots, especially that fixed in the root cell wall (RCW). The capability of DSE to induce a higher Cd holding capacity in the RCW is caused by modulation of the total sugar and uronic acid of DSE-colonized RCW, mainly the pectin and hemicellulose fractions. The fourier-transform spectroscopy analysis results show that carboxyl, hydroxyl, and acidic groups are involved in Cd retention in the DSE-inoculated RCW. The promotion of the growth of maize and improvement in its tolerance to Cd due to DSEs are related to restriction of the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots; resistance of Cd uptake Cd inside cells; and the increase in RCW-integrated Cd through modulating RCW polysaccharide components.


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