Identification of an RFLP interval containing Pch2 on chromosome 7AL in wheat

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. de la Peña ◽  
Timothy D. Murray ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Eyespot Disease ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Recombinant Substitution Line ◽  
Selection Of

The gene Pch2 in 'Cappelle Desprez' is one of two genes found in hexaploid wheat known to confer resistance to eyespot disease. This study was conducted to develop an RFLP linkage map of the distal portion of wheat chromosome 7AL, and to locate and identify markers closely associated with Pch2 for use in marker-assisted selection. Ten loci in addition to Pch2 were mapped on chromosome 7AL, using segregation data from 102 homozygous chromosome 7A recombinant substitution lines derived from 'Chinese Spring' × 'Chinese Spring' ('Cappelle Desprez' 7A). The Pch2 locus was bracketed by two RFLP markers, one 11.0 cM distal to Xcdo347 and the other 18.8 cM proximal to Xwg380. The position of Pch2 on chromosome 7AL is similar to that of Pch1 on chromosome 7DL, suggesting that these resistance genes are homoeoloci. Although no single marker was closely linked to Pch2, simultaneous selection of the flanking RFLP markers Xcdo347 and Xwg380 could be used for selecting Pch2, since double recombination occurred in only 3% of the recombinant population. The use of the flanking RFLP markers to select for Pch2, in combination with previously identified Pch1-linked markers, would facilitate the development of cultivars carrying two genes for resistance to eyespot.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, recombinant substitution line.

scholarly journals The inheritance of resistance to eyespot (Cercosporella herpotrichoides) in wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Law ◽  
P. R. Scott ◽  
A. J. Worland ◽  
T. W. Hollins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Eyespot Disease

SUMMARYThe genetic control of resistance to the fungus, Cercosporella herpotrichoides, causing the eyespot disease of wheat was studied using the Chinese Spring (Cappelle-Desprez) chromosome substitution lines and F2 monosomic families of hybrids between Cappelle-Desprez and Mara. Chromosome 7A of Cappelle-Desprez was found to increase resistance to eyespot in both types of test. Chromosomes 2B and 5D of Cappelle-Desprez gave increased resistance compared to their homologues in Mara on an F2 background. When substituted into Chinese Spring neither of these chromosomes appeared to increase resistance. Chromosome 1A of Cappelle-Desprez in a Chinese Spring background increased the level of infection. Dominance was towards resistance and the presence of between-chromosome interaction could be deduced.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the dietary sucrose modulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila melanogaster

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy W. Geer ◽  
Cathy C. Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYGenetic variation in the modulating effect of dietary sucrose was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster by examining 27 chromosome substitution lines coisogenic for the X and second chromosomes and possessing different third isogenic chromosomes derived from natural populations. An increase in the concentration of sucrose from 0·1% to 5% in modified Sang's medium C significantly altered the activities of 11 of 15 enzyme activities in third instar larvae, indicating that dietary sucrose modulates many, but not all, of the enzymes of D. melanogaster. A high sucrose diet promoted high activities of enzymes associated with lipid and glycogen synthesis and low activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways, reflecting the physiological requirements of the animal. Analyses of variance revealed significant genetic variation in the degrees to which sucrose modulated several enzyme activities. Analysis of correlations revealed some relationships between enzymes in the genetic effects on the modulation process. These observations suggest that adaptive evolutionary change may depend in part on the selection of enzyme activity modifiers that are distributed throughout the genome.

Mapping a gene conferring resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on chromosome 4V of Dasypyrum villosum in a wheat background

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yildirim ◽  
Stephen S Jones ◽  
Timothy D Murray
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Eyespot Resistance ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For

The objectives of this study were to map and tag the previously undescribed eyespot resistance gene PchDv on chromosome 4V of Dasypyrum villosum in a wheat background. The 82 F2 plants used for mapping were produced from a cross between a susceptible\i wheat 'Yangmai-5' (4V(4D)) substitution line and a resistant wheat 'Chinese Spring' disomic addition line of chromosome 4V of D. villosum. Segregation for resistance and susceptibility among F2 plants was 3:1, indicating that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. PchDv mapped to the distal part of chromosome 4V and was bracketed by two RFLP markers, Xcdo949 and Xbcd588, in a 33-cM interval. This distance could not be reduced, owing to a lack of polymorphic loci in this region. Theoretically, double recombination in this region occurs in 3.3% of the individuals; therefore, 96.7% of the selected genotypes would have PchDv, with simultaneous selection for both flanking markers. Double recombination between the flanking markers was observed in 2 out of 82 (2.4%) F2 individuals.

Changes in the fatty acid unsaturation after hardening in wheat chromosome substitution lines with different cold tolerance

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Emil Páldi ◽  
Jean-Paul Dubacq
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Fatty Acid Unsaturation

NONSTRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME DIFFERENTIATION AMONG WHEAT CULTIVARS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENTIATION OF CHROMOSOMES IN RELATED SPECIES

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák ◽  
Patrick E McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was crossed with cultivars Hope, Cheyenne and Timstein. In all three hybrids, the frequencies of pollen mother cells (PMCs) with univalents at metaphase I (MI) were higher than those in the parental cultivars. No multivalents were observed in the hybrids, indicating that the cultivars do not differ by translocations. Thirty-one Chinese Spring telosomic lines were then crossed with substitution lines in which single chromosomes of the three cultivars were substituted for their Chinese Spring homologues. The telosomic lines were also crossed with Chinese Spring. Data were collected on the frequencies (% of PMCs) of pairing of the telesomes with their homologues at MI and the regularity of pairing of the remaining 20 pairs of Chinese Spring chromosomes in the monotelodisomics obtained from these crosses. The reduced MI pairing in the intercultivar hybrids was caused primarily by chromosome differentiation, rather than by specific genes. Because the differentiation involved a large part of the chromosome complement in each hybrid, it was concluded that it could not be caused by structural changes such as inversions or translocations. In each case, the differentiation appeared to be unevenly distributed among the three wheat genomes. It is proposed that the same kind of differentiation, although of greater magnitude, differentiates homoeologous chromosomes and is responsible, together with structural differentiation, for poor chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids.

Agronomic and quality characteristics of two new sets of Langdon durum–wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Klindworth ◽  
G.A. Hareland ◽  
E.M. Elias ◽  
J.D. Faris ◽  
S. Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Wild Emmer Wheat ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines

scholarly journals Conversion of RFLP Markers for the Selection of Pollination-Constant and Non-Astringent Type Persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) into PCR-Based Markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Kanzaki ◽  
Masahiko Yamada ◽  
Akihiko Sato ◽  
Nobuhito Mitani ◽  
Naoki Ustunomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Selection Of

Chromosome instability in wheat plants regenerated from suspension culture

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
K. C. Armstrong ◽  
R. J. Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Meiotic Configuration ◽  
Culture Suspension

Plants of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were regenerated from 30 calli obtained from suspension cultures. All four plants showed abnormal meiotic chromosome behaviour relative to the control. The average meiotic configuration over all plants was 1.55 I + 18.16 II + 0.30 III + 0.82 IV. In addition, an isochromosome was frequently observed in cells of all plants, which was indicative of centromeric breaks. Key words: culture (suspension), wheat, chromosome instability.

scholarly journals Chromosomal effects on In Vitro morphogenesis in Wheat intervarietal Substitution Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Tyankova ◽  
N. Zagorska ◽  
V. Chardakov ◽  
A. Dryanova ◽  
B. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Chromosome Substitutions ◽  
Allele Variation ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Intervarietal Substitution Lines

The effect of individual chromosomes on in vitro morphogenic ability of immature embryos was studied using a Chinese Spring/Timstein substitution series. For this purpose 20 wheat lines of Chinese Spring with consequently substituted chromosome pairs from the cultivar Timstein together with the two parental cultivars were investigated. The regeneration ability of the studied lines was quantified by two parameters: frequency of regenerative calli and coefficient of propagation. The influence of the 5A, 1B and 4D chromosomes on in vitro morphogenesis was determined and the effect of 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 6B and 1D chromosomes, reported by other authors, was confirmed. The data indicated that the intervarietal substitutions of certain chromosomes caused significant variation in the number of morphogenic calli and recovered regenerants, in spite of the fact that the two parental cultivars were of similar morphogenic ability. This probably reflects the allele variation in a given locus on these chromosomes and/or background effect. The data suggest that the chromosome substitutions may have different compensatory effects depending on the similarity of the corresponding chromosomes and also on the possibilities of their expression in an alien genetic background.  

Molecular markers for four leaf rust resistance genes introgressed into wheat from wild relatives

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Autrique ◽  
Steven D. Tanksley ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Ravi P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Aneuploid Analysis ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Near-isolines carrying four different genes for resistance to leaf rust were used to find linked molecular markers for these genes. Clones used to detect polymorphism were selected on the basis of the reported chromosomal location of the resistance genes. Both Lophopyron-derived resistance genes, Lr19 and Lr24, cosegregated with eight molecular markers assigned to chromosomes 7DL and 3DL, respectively. One clone cosegregated with Lr9 and two closely linked RFLP markers were found for Lr32, mapping at 3.3 ± 2.6 and 6.9 ± 3.6 cM from the resistance gene. The Lophopyron-chromatin segment in isolines carrying chromosomes 7E (Lr19) and 3E (Lr24) replaced a large portion of chromosome 7D and the distal portion of chromosome 3D, respectively. Clones assigned to these chromosomes on the basis of aneuploid analysis hybridized to 7E and 3E segments, thus confirming cytological results that these introgressed segments represent homoeologous chromosomes. The linked RFLP markers could be used to identify the resistance genes and generate new combinations in breeding populations, especially in the absence of disease in the environment or when virulence is lacking.Key words: leaf rust, RFLP, Lophopyron, gene tagging, wheat, Aegilops umbellulata, Triticum tauschii.

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