Behaviour of hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentric and eccentric concentrated loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yi ◽  
Nigel G Shrive
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Concentrated Loading ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls

Three-dimensional finite element models of unreinforced hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentrated loading have been analyzed. The walls were modelled with different loading plate sizes, different loading locations along the wall (at the midpoint of the wall, at the end of the wall, and between these points), and different out-of-plane eccentricities (e = 0, t/6, and t/3). The hollow block units, mortar, grout, and bond beam blocks in the walls were modelled separately. Both smeared and discrete cracking methods have been utilized for predicting cracking under load. Geometric and material nonlinearities and damage due to progressive cracking were taken into account in the analyses. The predicted failure modes and ultimate capacities of the walls with the concentric concentrated load applied at the midpoint or at the end of the wall compared very well with the experimental results. When the load was between the midpoint and the end of the wall, the predicted ultimate capacity was between those for the load at the midpoint and at the end. The strength of the walls decreases with increasing out-of-plane eccentricities.Key words: finite element models, hollow masonry, smeared and discrete cracking models, concentrated load, loading locations, out-of-plane eccentricities.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane local mechanism analysis with finite element method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Roberto Spagnuolo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Local Mechanism ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Smeared Crack ◽  
The Stability ◽  
No Tension Material

Abstract The stability check of masonry structures is a debated problem in Italy that poses serious problems for its extensive use. Indeed, the danger of out of plane collapse of masonry walls, which is one of the more challenging to evaluate, is traditionally addressed not using finite element models (FEM). The power of FEM is not properly used and some simplified method are preferred. In this paper the use of the thrust surface is suggested. This concept allows to to evaluate the eccentricity of the membrane stresses using the FEM method. For this purpose a sophisticated, layered, finite element with a no-tension material is used. To model a no-tension material we used the smeared crack method as it is not mesh-dependent and it is well known since the early ’80 in an ASCE Report [1]. The described element has been implemented by the author in the program Nòlian by Softing.

Prestressed concrete masonry walls subjected to uniform out-of-plane loading

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
J. L. Dawe ◽  
G. G. Aridru
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Prestressing Force ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Ultimate Failure Load ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls

Two series of post-tensioned concrete masonry walls subjected to uniform lateral loading were tested to investigate their flexural strength behaviour. Each series of walls consisted of four full-scale prestressed specimens, with varying levels of prestressing force, and one reinforced specimen. Of particular interest were the load–deflection curves, initial cracking loads, wall stiffness, crack patterns, and ultimate failure loads. An air bag test apparatus was used for applying lateral uniform pressures to the specimens. Results of this experimental investigation showed that, for a given wall thickness, increased prestressing force increases the cracking load, initial wall stiffness, and ultimate failure load. The results have established a linear relationship between increased prestressing force and initial cracking load, initial wall stiffness, and ultimate failure load. The proposed model, which takes into account changes in wall stiffness after initial cracking of the wall, accurately predicts wall behaviour. Key words: masonry, prestressed, walls, strength, behaviour, uniform, pressure, experimental, analytical.

scholarly journals Retrofitting Masonry Walls against Out-Of-Plane Loading with Timber Based Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5443
Author(s):  
Ornella Iuorio ◽  
Jamiu A. Dauda
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Compressive Damage

Unreinforced masonry walls are prone to failure when subjected to out-of-plane loading. This is due to their low performance in bending, and often the lack of appropriate connection to returning walls and floors. This paper investigates the possibility to use oriented strand boards (OSB) panels to improve the out-of-plane performance of brick masonry walls. The proposed technique considers securing OSB type-3 panels behind masonry walls with chemical and mechanical connections. The work presents finite element models to predict their behaviour. The models have been calibrated and validated through a three-phase experimental campaign, aimed at (a) characterizing the main structural components, (b) studying the out-of-plane behaviour of small-scale masonry prisms and (c) studying the behaviour of 1115 × 1115 × 215 mm masonry walls. The finite element models developed are based on a micromodel technique developed in ABAQUS and demonstrated to adequately capture the behaviour of both plain and retrofitted models to the ultimate load. The models also show an excellent correlation of the compressive damage and tensile damage with the experimental failure pattern. Generally, the model predicted the peak load and the corresponding failure and toughness to within less than 10% of the average test results.

scholarly journals Design rules for hollow concrete masonry walls subjected to concentrated loads

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yi ◽  
Nigel G Shrive
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Concentrated Loads ◽  
Wall Width ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Plate Length ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls

Design rules are proposed for assessing the bearing strengths of hollow concrete masonry walls subjected to in-plane concentrated loads. These are derived from numerical and experimental studies of this problem. Two possible zones of failure are considered: the solid–grouted masonry directly beneath the concentrated loads, and the hollow masonry beneath the grouted portion. The important factors influencing the bearing strength are taken into account: loading eccentricity across the wall width, effective loading area, loading plate length, and loading location along the wall. An angle of 22° or slope (vertical to horizontal) of 2.5:1 is chosen for a safe estimate of the dispersion of concentrated load through the solid–grouted masonry. For partial grouting patterns, at least two courses downward should be grouted to a length compatible with the loading plate. When compared with the available numerical and experimental results, conservative estimates of ultimate strength are obtained in all cases.Key words: design rules, hollow concrete masonry wall, in-plane concentrated load, out-of-plane eccentricities, loading plate length, loading locations, dispersion angle.

In-plane flexural strength of unbonded post-tensioned concrete masonry walls

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hassanli ◽  
Mohamed A. ElGawady ◽  
Julie E. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls ◽  
Post Tensioned
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