Design of a centralized regional water distribution system: a case study in the County of Paintearth No. 18, Alberta, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Langford ◽  
Jean-Luc Daviau ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Sparse Population

Water supply to rural communities has historically been difficult. The sparse population distribution results in large infrastructure cost per capita compared to larger urban municipalities. The challenge is to deliver this water efficiently and minimize the corresponding increase in wastewater. Urban water systems supply both fire flow and drinking water at high pressures in large pipes. One solution for rural areas is supplying only potable water using small pipes that are supplied in long spools and that can be ploughed-in, a novel method of direct-bury. This water is delivered to private cisterns at low pressure, extending the range of the system for the same input energy level. Pressure control valves are used to keep pressure positive at high points to safeguard water quality. Modelling is particularly important in rural systems, where extensive pipeline distances and elevation difference result in significant head losses and areas of high local pressure.

scholarly journals Locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas: a methodological approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
Nadya Lizeth Serrano Abarca ◽  
Welitom Ttatom Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Mountainous Region

Abstract This study aimed to present a methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas (isolated areas, low-income population, mountainous region). The research methodology consisted of the following steps: (1) description of the problem; (2) development of the DR location protocol; (3) obtaining an algorithm; (4) calibration and adjustment; and (5) application. The obtained algorithm was based on the classification and overlapping operations of five-parameter maps (pressure limits – pressure in the water supply system from 5 to 40 mH2O; supply by gravity – guarantee of gravity as energy for water movement; accessibility – use of unprotected areas or with restricted occupation; stability, greater distance from geological fault; and, proximity to population concentration, shorter distance between population centres). The overlapping of these parameters enabled us to identify a region of candidate points and select the best location point for the reservoir. The algorithm was applied to a real case indicating satisfactory results. A methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural areas that have important economic constraints, difficult access (mountainous region) and high geospatial dispersion was found. Improvements in methodological steps can still be considered, for example, forecasting the use of pressure control devices in the water supply system.

scholarly journals E-Metering and Fault Detection in Smart Water Distribution Systems using Wireless Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Smart Water

Water distribution system is a network that supplies water to all the consumers through different means. Proper means of providing water to houses without compromising in quantity and quality is always a challenge. As it is a huge network keeping track of the utilization is difficult for the utility. Hence through this project we come up with a solution to solve this issue. Current technologies like Low Power Wide Area Networks, LoRa and sensor deployment techniques have been in research and were also tested in few rural areas but issues due to hardware deployment and large scale real time implementation was a challenge hence through this system we aim to create and simulate a real time scenario to test a sensor network model that could be implemented in large scale further. This project aims in building a wireless sensor network model for a smart water distribution system. In this system there is bidirectional communication between the consumer and the utility. Each house has a meter through which the amount of water consumed is sent to the utility board. The data has two fields containing the house ID and the data (water consumed); it is being sent to the data collection unit (DCU) which in-turn sends it to the central server so that the consumption is monitored in real time. All this is simulated using NETSIM and MATLAB

Supporting Design of Combined Energy Recovery and Pressure Control in a Water Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele B. Laucelli ◽  
Stefano Di Spiridione ◽  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Francesco Ciliberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Pressure Control

The biological safety of distribution systems following UV disinfection in rural areas in Beijing, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Lifeng Cui ◽  
Leibin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

In rural areas, UV disinfection has a great potential for drinking water treatment because of the ability to achieve target disinfection levels and the ease of operation and maintenance; however, UV disinfection provides no disinfection residual to the water distribution system. This study examines the biological safety of rural water distribution systems following UV disinfection. The results showed that in all the tested villages, heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were below 500 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and total bacterial counts (TBC) were below 100 CFU/mL. Both meet the drinking water standard in China. The HPC concentration was related to the water temperature, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and water distribution system conditions. Total coliforms were detectable at some water distribution system sampling points in two out of eight villages.

scholarly journals Network Analysis of Water Distribution System in Rural Areas using EPANET

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Venkata Ramana ◽  
Ch.V.S.S. Sudheer ◽  
B. Rajasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System

A comparison between different techniques for water network sectorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
And Performance

Water network partitioning represents one of the best methodologies for improving water balance and pressure control of a water distribution system in order to reduce water leakage. These techniques can be applied with greater effectiveness defining a smaller permanent network district, called a District Meter Area (DMA), achieved by the insertion of gate valves and flow meters. If the DMAs are isolated subsystems (sectors), such that each zone is fed by its water source (or water sources) by closing gate valves in the network pipes that link the DMAs, the process can be called water network sectorization (defining an isolated DMA (i-DMA)). The traditional criteria for the design of network DMAs and i-DMAs are based on empirical suggestions (number of properties, length of pipes, etc.) and on approaches such as ‘trial and error’, even if used together with hydraulic simulation software. Nevertheless these indications and procedures are very difficult to apply to large water supply systems because the insertion of gate valves modifies the original network layout and may worsen, also considerably, the hydraulic performance of the water network. Recently some techniques, based on graph theory principles that allow simplification of the network partitioning and sectorization, and to find optimal solutions heuristically, have been proposed in the literature. In this paper the sectorization problem has been examined comparing different techniques, proposed by the authors, using the same water networks and performance indices and testing different possible i-DMA layouts.

Comparative Study of Pressure Control Modes Impact on Water Distribution System Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Mouna Doghri ◽  
Sophie Duchesne ◽  
Annie Poulin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Pressure Control

Calibration of Hydraulic Model in Rea-Life Water Distribution System

2012 ◽  
Vol 155-156 ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Zhang ◽  
Guo Ping Yu ◽  
Miao Shun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pipe Roughness

The most uncertain input parameters that often considered for calibration in water distribution system hydraulic model are pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands. Both pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands are considered to be calibrated in the calibration process, which works alternately. The calibration model was formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The entire head losses under different loading conditions are introduced in the objective function to guide the calibration direction, which can make consistent calibration effects on different loading conditions. The calibration model uses real-coded genetic algorithm along with a general network solver (EPANET 2.0) to adjust pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands multipliers until the preset criteria are meet. The approach was applied in the calibration of a real-life water distribution system hydraulic model in China, which takes three loading conditions (max, min and average hour) into consider. The results show that the approach works well in achieving good calibration results, which match field observation in a reasonable level and meet engineering requirements.

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