A comparison between different techniques for water network sectorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
And Performance

Water network partitioning represents one of the best methodologies for improving water balance and pressure control of a water distribution system in order to reduce water leakage. These techniques can be applied with greater effectiveness defining a smaller permanent network district, called a District Meter Area (DMA), achieved by the insertion of gate valves and flow meters. If the DMAs are isolated subsystems (sectors), such that each zone is fed by its water source (or water sources) by closing gate valves in the network pipes that link the DMAs, the process can be called water network sectorization (defining an isolated DMA (i-DMA)). The traditional criteria for the design of network DMAs and i-DMAs are based on empirical suggestions (number of properties, length of pipes, etc.) and on approaches such as ‘trial and error’, even if used together with hydraulic simulation software. Nevertheless these indications and procedures are very difficult to apply to large water supply systems because the insertion of gate valves modifies the original network layout and may worsen, also considerably, the hydraulic performance of the water network. Recently some techniques, based on graph theory principles that allow simplification of the network partitioning and sectorization, and to find optimal solutions heuristically, have been proposed in the literature. In this paper the sectorization problem has been examined comparing different techniques, proposed by the authors, using the same water networks and performance indices and testing different possible i-DMA layouts.

scholarly journals Graph Neural Network for Integrated Water Network Partitioning and Dynamic District Metered Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEZHEN RONG ◽  
Minglei Fu ◽  
JIAWEI CHEN ◽  
LEJIN ZHENG ◽  
JIANFENG ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Search Range ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

Abstract Water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to transmit and distribute water resources in cities. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are partitioned into district metered areas (DMAs) by water network partitioning (WNP), which can be used for leak control, pollution monitoring, and pressure optimization in WDS management. In order to overcome the limitations of optimal search range and the decrease of recovery ability caused by two-step WNP and fixed DMAs in previous studies, this study developed a new method combining a graph neural network to realize integrated WNP and dynamic DMAs to optimize WDS management and respond to emergencies. The proposed method was tested in a practical case study; the results showed that good hydraulic performance of the WDN was maintained and that dynamic DMAs demonstrated excellent stability in emergency situations, which proves the effectiveness of the method in WNP.

scholarly journals A Survey of Pressure Control Approaches in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Thapelo C. Mosetlhe ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Shengzhi Du ◽  
Eric Monacelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Supply Systems

Pressure control in water distribution networks (WDNs) provides an avenue for improving both their sustainability and reliability. The complexities of the networks make the problem more challenging as various situational operations must be accounted for to ensure that the entire system performs under recommended conditions. In general, this problem is addressed by the installation of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in WDNs and determining their appropriate settings. Researchers have proposed the utilization of several control techniques. However, the limitations of both computational and financial resources have compelled the researchers to investigate the possibility of limiting the PRVs while ensuring their control is sufficient for the entire system. Several approaches have been put forward to mitigate this sub-problem of the pressure control problem. This paper presents a review of existing techniques to solve both the localization of PRVs and their control problems. It dwells briefly on the classification of these methods and subsequently highlights their merits and demerits. Despite the available literature, it can be noted that the solution methods are yet to be harmonized. As a result, various avenues of research areas are available. This paper further presents the possible research areas that could be exploited in this domain.

scholarly journals Water quality event detection and customer complaint clustering analysis in distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mounce ◽  
John Machell ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Historic Data

Safe, clean drinking water is a foundation of society and water quality monitoring can contribute to ensuring this. A case study application of the CANARY software to historic data from a UK drinking water distribution system is described. Sensitivity studies explored appropriate choice of algorithmic parameter settings for a baseline site, performance was evaluated with artificial events and the system then transferred to all sites. Results are presented for analysis of nine water quality sensors measuring six parameters and deployed in three connected district meter areas (DMAs), fed from a single water source (service reservoir), for a 1 year period and evaluated using comprehensive water utility records with 86% of event clusters successfully correlated to causes (spatially limited to DMA level). False negatives, defined by temporal clusters of water quality complaints in the pilot area not corresponding to detections, were only approximately 25%. It was demonstrated that the software could be configured and applied retrospectively (with potential for future near real time application) to detect various water quality event types (with a wider remit than contamination alone) for further interpretation.

Performance indices for water network partitioning and sectorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Nardo ◽  
M. Di Natale ◽  
G. F. Santonastaso ◽  
V. G. Tzatchkov ◽  
V. H. Alcocer-Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Network Resilience ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

Water network partitioning in district metering areas, or sectorization, is an important process for improving water network management. It can help water utilities to implement active leakage control, conduct pressure management, and prevent network contamination. It is generally achieved by closing some network pipes, thus reducing pipe redundancy and affecting system performance. No systematic set of performance indices has been defined to evaluate a sectorization design and thus allow for a comparison of different possible sectorizations on a formal basis. In this paper, several performance indices for water network partitioning are proposed and tested using two real water supply systems: Parete in Italy and Matamoros in Mexico. Both systems' sectorizations were previously designed by a novel effective automatic technique recently developed by the authors. For both the original and sectorized networks, the proposed performance indices considered energy dissipated in the network, network resilience, pressure variation, fire-fighting capacity, water age, and mechanical redundancy. Network resilience appears to be the most representative index for the entire network, whereas pressure variation indices are more appropriate for describing individual districts. Except for fire-fighting capacity in one network, system performance did not appear to be affected significantly after sectorization.

scholarly journals Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems: The Issue of Dataset Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8219
Author(s):  
Andrea Menapace ◽  
Ariele Zanfei ◽  
Manuel Felicetti ◽  
Diego Avesani ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Developing data-driven models for bursts detection is currently a demanding challenge for efficient and sustainable management of water supply systems. The main limit in the progress of these models lies in the large amount of accurate data required. The aim is to present a methodology for the generation of reliable data, which are fundamental to train anomaly detection models and set alarms. Thus, the results of the proposed methodology is to provide suitable water consumption data. The presented procedure consists of stochastic modelling of water request and hydraulic pipes bursts simulation to yield suitable synthetic time series of flow rates, for instance, inlet flows of district metered areas and small water supply systems. The water request is obtained through the superimposition of different components, such as the daily, the weekly, and the yearly trends jointly with a random normal distributed component based on the consumption mean and variance, and the number of users aggregation. The resulting request is implemented into the hydraulic model of the distribution system, also embedding background leaks and bursts using a pressure-driven approach with both concentrated and distributed demand schemes. This work seeks to close the gap in the field of synthetic generation of drinking water consumption data, by establishing a proper dedicated methodology that aims to support future water smart grids.

Design of a centralized regional water distribution system: a case study in the County of Paintearth No. 18, Alberta, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Langford ◽  
Jean-Luc Daviau ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Sparse Population

Water supply to rural communities has historically been difficult. The sparse population distribution results in large infrastructure cost per capita compared to larger urban municipalities. The challenge is to deliver this water efficiently and minimize the corresponding increase in wastewater. Urban water systems supply both fire flow and drinking water at high pressures in large pipes. One solution for rural areas is supplying only potable water using small pipes that are supplied in long spools and that can be ploughed-in, a novel method of direct-bury. This water is delivered to private cisterns at low pressure, extending the range of the system for the same input energy level. Pressure control valves are used to keep pressure positive at high points to safeguard water quality. Modelling is particularly important in rural systems, where extensive pipeline distances and elevation difference result in significant head losses and areas of high local pressure.

PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM KOTA TEGAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Yustika Kusumawardani ◽  
Wiharyanti Oktiawan ◽  
Ganjar Samudro
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Central Java

Kota Tegal merupakan salah satu daerah otonom di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki jumlah penduduk 248.722 jiwa dengan jumlah kepala keluarga sebesar 61.513. Namun dari keseluruhan jumlah penduduk tersebut tercatat hanya 11.882 pelanggan atau sekitar 19,32% penduduk yang terlayani oleh PDAM Kota Tegal dan tingkat kebocoran air sebesar 44,21%. Tekanan air pada sistem distribusi eksisting sangat rendah karena menara air yang tersedia tidak dapat difungsikan.  Kapasitas sumber air baku yang saat ini dimiliki PDAM Kota Tegal adalah 190 lt/dtk. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi sistem penyediaan air minum untuk wilayah Kota Tegal direncanakan hingga tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan sumber air baku baru yang berasal dari PDAB Jawa Tengah yaitu penambahan sebesar 200 liter/detik. Kapasitas air tersebut digunakan untuk menambah wilayah pelayanan di kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur dan Margadana. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi baru dapat melayani  pelanggan sambungan rumah baru sebesar 16.071 SR dengan presentase rencana pengembangan hingga 79,80 % untuk seluruh wilayah Kota Tegal.  Tingkat pelayanan pada   Kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Timur, Tegal Barat dan untuk Kecamatan Margadana adalah 20,96% 16,92%, 19,19% dan 22,72% secara berturut-turut. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi baru tersebut menggunakan pola jaringan distribusi bercabang dan tidak terkoneksi dengan sistem jaringan distribusi lama dengan total anggaran biaya sebesar Rp 17.363.693.000,00. Tegal Region determined as one of the otonomical regions located in Central Java which has 248,722 populations with the number of head of household 61,513. From that total population was recorded only 11,882 custumers, or approximately 19.32% of the population served by PDAM Tegal with a leak rate it’s about 44.21%. Moreover the water pressure on the existing distribution system is very low because the water tower can not used. Capacity of raw water source that is currently owned by PDAM Tegal is 190 l/sec. Development of distribution networks for drinking water supply systems in Tegal region is planned until the year 2021 using the new raw water sources originating from PDAB in Central Java that is equal to 200 l/sec. Water capacity is used to increase the service area in the district of Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur and Margadana. From that new development distribution network can fullfil customer connections for 16,071 household connections by the percentage of SR development plan up to 79.80% for the entire region Tegal. Which is the service level of each district are 20.96% for Tegal Selatan subdistrict, 16.92%, Tegal Timur subdistrict, 19.19% Tegal Barat subdistrict and 22.72% for Margadana subistrict. The new distribution network planning is designed using branch pattern of the distribution network and unconnected to the old system of distribution network results the total budget about Rp 17,363,693,000.00.

A Study on the Theory and Performance Simulation of the Hydraulic Electromagnetic Energy-Regenerative Shock Absorber

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Zi ◽  
Si Jing Guo ◽  
Xue Xun Guo ◽  
Jing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Regenerative Shock Absorber

Hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber (HESA) is a new type of shock absorber which can regenerate a portion of energy dissipated as thermal energy in conventional shock absorber. This paper briefly describes HESAs working principle, uses AMESim, a hydraulic simulation software, to get damping characteristic of HESA as well as conventional passive shock absorber by doing some simulation tests, and contrasts the two consequents. Simulation results show that HESA has its unique damping characteristic, and its regenerative characteristic performs well.

scholarly journals The Water Distribution System Performance in Sekar Gading Residence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2159-2163
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Reliability Level

Water distribution systems are built to meet the water needs of a city or community. The management of water distribution can be conducted by government agencies as well as independently as in Sekar Gading Residence. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of water network service managed by Sekar Gading Residence Service by analyzing the performance of network service to network ability in fulfilling minimum requirement of customer from water discharge side. The result of debit analysis from water meter showed that the reliability level was 70%. While, the system can be considered to be satisfactory if the minimum reliability level of 80% is fulfilled. Therefore, the water management system would be n failling condition about 2.94 months, and with very failure rate varying between 14.29% to 71.43% deficit. The conclusion of this study is the performance of clean water network service in Sekar Gading Housing was not up to the optimal solution.

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