A continuous design formula for timber columns

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Stressed Volume ◽  
Design Formula ◽  
Timber Column ◽  
Column Design ◽  
Strength Effect

Timber column design methods have now to take account of a body of research work on timber properties from in-grade tests and on strength considerations using notions of stressed volume. This paper gathers results from this body of work and proposes a design formula for timber columns which is convenient to use and represents true behaviour. It includes, in particular, a material strength effect related to the length of the column. The proposed formula has been incorporated into the new Canadian code “Engineering design in wood.” Key words: timber, buckling, columns, design, size effects.

A design formula for glass in buildings

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034
Author(s):  
Niels C. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Design Formula ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Design Pressure

A formula giving the required thickness of glass plates as a function of the nominal material strength, the design pressure, and the dimensions of the plate has been developed for a proposed Canadian standard for the design of glass in buildings. The paper describes the background and the reasons for the choice of the formula. It also gives an analysis of the performance of the formula in the context of a limit states design standard. Performance is expressed in terms of expected failure probabilities and initial cost. It is concluded that a simple formula is capable of accurate design aiming for constant and optimal reliability, comparable to analysis by the more complex theory available (the failure prediction method). Key words: building, glass, formula, design, standard, optimization, probability, failure.

scholarly journals Size Effect in Fracture of Sandwich Structure Components: Foam and Laminate

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk P. Bažant ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Drahomír Novák ◽  
Isaac M. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Nominal Strength ◽  
Sandwich Plates And Shells ◽  
Extensive Test ◽  
Plates And Shells

Abstract In the design of sandwich plates and shells for very large structures, such as ships in the range of 100 m length, it is very important to take the size effect on the nominal strength into account, and do so in a realistic, physically justified, manner. Before the size effect is addressed for a sandwich structure, it must be understood for its components — the foam core and the laminate skins. In the current practice, the size effects are automatically attributed to the randomness of material strength, as described by the Weibull theory. The purpose of this paper is to show that in both the foam and the laminate there are deterministic size effects, which are generally more pronounced. They are caused by stress redistribution and energy release due to the growth of large fractures or large cracking zones prior to attaining the maximum load. This deterministic size effect is verified and calibrated by new tests of notched specimens of rigid close-cell vinyl foam. A combined deterministic-probabilistic theory of size effect of the laminates is proposed and verified by extensive test data.

Bioecological features of the species of Ligustrum L. in conditions of Absheron and use in landscaping

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Tofiq Sadıq oğlu Məmmədov ◽  
◽  
Şəlalə Adil qızı Gülməmmədova ◽  
Leyla Fərman qızı Mustafayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Research Work

In the research work carried out at the Institute of Dendrology of ANAS, species of Ligustrum L. were introduced into the in conditions of Absheron, their bioecological features were studied and various forms of compositions were created using these plants in the Arboretum. It was revealed that introduced ornamental plants adapt well under Absheron conditions and are recommended for use in creating various forms of compositions in parks and gardens. Key words: ligustrum, compositions, plant, ornamental, park

La fruizione dei beni culturali come contributo del turismo allo sviluppo delle cittŕ d'arte

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Marco Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern City

- The author examines the ways in which cultural heritage is used in the art cities. The evidence from research work on the characteristics of visitors of four museums of Rome are shown. Two types emerge: the mass tourist "with a collective look" and the self-directed "romantic" tourist. Tourism in art cities enhances the cultural development of cities.Key words: tourism, art city, post modern, city.

The enhanced performance of split-ring connections through prestressing

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. P. Quenneville ◽  
K. Van Dalen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Lap Splices

This paper examines the concept of enhancing the performance of timber connectors in truss joints by the introduction of transverse prestressing. The behaviour of lap splices of Douglas fir, with 63 mm split-ring connectors and end distances of 50, 100, 150, and 210 mm, was examined for various levels of prestress in a laboratory study. As well, the magnitude of the load that can be carried by the connection through friction between faying surfaces was also assessed for various levels of prestress. The simple technique used in the laboratory for introducing prestress is described. Results of the laboratory tests on 20 joint configurations are presented, and the experimentally determined strengths are compared with the calculated resistances using the provisions of CAN\CSA-086.1-M89 "Engineering design in wood (limit states design)." Key words: timber, connector, prestress, truss joint.

Factors influencing formwork productivity

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Smith ◽  
Awad S. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Measurable Factors

Estimates indicate that 30 to 70 percent of cast-in-place concrete cost is attributable to the assembly and stripping of formwork. This wide percentage range is partially due to factors that are not well understood with regard to their influence on productivity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence formwork productivity and identify a methodology to evaluate productivity data. Two groups of factors were found to have a great effect on formwork productivity: non-measurable factors such as contract document and measurable factors such as engineering design. This paper discusses the effect of both groups of factors on the productivity of vertical formwork. To quantify the effect of the measurable factors on formwork productivity, a case study of the productivity of a crew of carpenters erecting wall formwork for a three-story underground parking structure is presented and analyzed. Data were collected by physically measuring the daily output of vertical formwork erected and the total daily work hours. Key words: formwork, productivity, construction methods.

scholarly journals Material Strength Effect in the Shock Compression of Alumina

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610-4616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ahrens ◽  
W. H. Gust ◽  
E. B. Royce
Keyword(s):  
Shock Compression ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Strength Effect

scholarly journals INTESTINAL INVAGINATION OF ADULT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
B. Abdullajonov ◽  
F. Nishanov ◽  
B. Madvaliyev ◽  
A. Nuriddinov ◽  
A. Rustamjonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Intestinal Invagination

INTESTINAL INVAGINATION OF ADULTSAbdullajonov B., Nishanov F., Madvaliyev B.,Nuriddinov А., Rustamjonov A., Mishenina K. Authors presents analyze with literature for questions about spread, etiology, pathogenesis, main clinic and treats intestinal invagination of adults – less forms of acute intestinal obstruction. Given research work of patient with intestinal invagination. Key words: intestinal obstruction, invagination of small intestine, acute peritonitis, emergency surgery. РезюмеІНВАГІНАЦІЯ КИШКІВНИКА У ДОРОСЛИХАбдуллажанов Б., Нішанов Ф., Мадавлієв Б.,Нуріддін А., Рустамжонов А., Мішеніна К.Авторами представлені аналіз літератури з питань поширення, етіології, патогенезу, особливостей клініки та лікування інвагінації кишківника у дорослих - рідкісної форми гострої кишкової непрохідності.Наведено аналіз історії хвороби хворого наінвагінацію тонкого кишківника.Ключові слова: кишкової непрохідності, інвагінації тонкого кишківника, гострий перитоніт, екстрена хірургія. РезюмеИНВАГИНАЦИЯ КИШЕЧНИКА У ВЗРОСЛЫХАбдуллажанов Б., Нишанов Ф., Мадавлиев Б., Нуриддинов А., Рустамжонов А., Мишенина Е.Авторами представлены анализ литературы по вопросам распространения, этиологии, патогенеза, особенностей клиники и лечения инвагинации кишечника у взрослых - редкой формы острой кишечной непроходимости. Приведен анализ истории болезни больной с инвагинацией тонкого кишечника. Ключевые слова: кишечной непроходимости, инвагинацией тонкого кишечника, острый перитонит, экстренная хирургия. 

scholarly journals New Engineering Approach for the Development and Demonstration of a Multi-Purpose Platform for the Blue Growth Economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lagasco ◽  
M. Collu ◽  
A. Mariotti ◽  
E. Safier ◽  
F. Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Blue Growth

Abstract Aquaculture is currently the fastest growing food sector in the world and the open oceans are seen as one of the most likely areas for large-scale expansion [1], [2], [3]. The global demand for seafood is continuing to rise sharply, driven by both population growth and increased per capita consumption, whilst wild-capture fisheries are constrained in their potential to produce more seafood. A recently funded EC project, the Blue Growth Farm – BGF (GA n. 774426, 1st June 2018 – 30th September 2021) aims at contributing to this world need with an original solution. The Blue Growth Farm proposes an efficient, cost-competitive and environmentally friendly multi-purpose offshore farm concept. It is based on a modular floating structure, moored to the seabed, meeting requirements of efficiency, cost-competitiveness and environmental friendless, where automated aquaculture and renewable energy production systems are integrated and engineered for profitable applications in the open sea. In the present paper, the overall engineering approach developed to carry out the research work is presented, described and justified. Different technical and scientific challenges are addressed through an integrated industrial engineering design approach, where all disciplines are tuned to achieve the Blue Growth Farm main targets. These are represented by: i) guaranteeing expected nominal fish production thanks to advanced automation and remote control capabilities; ii) minimizing the pollution introduced at marine ecosystem level when exploiting the marine natural resources, whilst increasing the social acceptance and users community agreement; iii) maximizing the electricity production in the Blue Growth Farm potential installation area ecosystem to provide energy supply to the on-board electrical equipment and to dispatch the extra produced electric energy to the land network. Preliminary engineering design results are promising to demonstrate effective increase of safety and efficiency by reducing on-board human effort and consequently risks at offshore, thus to make commercial-scale open ocean farming a reality. The present paper introduces overall concepts and design methodology whilst other companion works submitted at OMAE2019 [4], [5], [6] provide insight of specific aspects of the Blue Growth Farm project elaborated during the first six months activity.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING STUDIES FOR CONDUCTING JUDICIAL EXAMINATIONS FOR SAFETY OF LIFE IN THE STUDY OF UNHAPPICAL CASES ABOUT

2019 ◽  
pp. 540-550
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Injured Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Specific Expertise

In the process of carrying out research work, certain methods were investigated for conducting research into the occurrence of accidents of a non-productive nature, determining the compliance of actions of responsible persons, whose competence includes issues of life safety with regulatory requirements governing their activities. In this article, in order to provide a scientifically-based methodological base of experts in addressing such issues, improving quality, ensuring the completeness of expert studies, which in turn will avoid possible erroneous conclusions when solving questions raised by the customer to conduct an examination, application of the algorithm of such studies recommended in the article. Also, based on the implementation of expert developments in conducting such examinations and expert studies on the results of such examinations, it is advisable to supplement the list of main tasks, respectively, and expand the indicative list of issues to be solved during such examinations. The main objectives of such studies are determined by the subject of the study determined by these guidelines. It is evidence of an accident, the condition of the conditions of any activity, the circumstances of the occurrence of a hazard that threatens or causes an accident, the conditions that led to the occurrence of the accident, and other data that are important for solving problems researched and established on the basis of specific expertise in the field of life safety, including such studies are conducted on the events: – when the accident under investigation is connected with the performance of the job duties by the injured person; – when the investigated accident is not related to the performance of work duties by the injured person. Key words: forensic examinations, life safety, accidents of non-productive character.

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