Experimental adiaspiromycosis in rabbits. Evaluation of protoplasmic proteins and Sephadex G-100 fractions as specific antigens

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul J. Cano ◽  
John J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Specific Fraction

Laboratory rabbits experimentally infected with aerosolized conidia of Chrysosporium parvum or C. parvum var. crescens were skin-tested with partially purified protoplasmic protein (P) antigens extracted from the fungi, and with several components of P antigens separated by Sephadex G-100 fractionation. Ten micrograms of conidial or 5 μg of adiaspore P antigen produced delayed type skin responses only in those animals infected with the homologous strain. Large quantities of antigens elicited skin reactions in both homologously and heterologously infected rabbits. Skin-reactive components of P antigens were either strain-specific or non-specific, and were recovered from aleuriospores, or adiaspores, or from both. One strain-specific fraction (21) recovered from both aleuriospores and adiaspores may merit clinical and (or) epidemiological trial as a skin-test antigen.

scholarly journals A molecularly defined skin test reagent for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis compatible with vaccination against Johne’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Middleton ◽  
Sabine Steinbach ◽  
Michael Coad ◽  
Kevina McGill ◽  
Colm Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽  
Skin Responses

AbstractTuberculin Purified Protein Derivatives (PPDs) exhibit multiple limitations: they are crude extracts from mycobacterial cultures with largely unknown active components; their production depends on culture of mycobacteria requiring expensive BCL3 production facilities; and their potency depends on the technically demanding guinea pig assay. To overcome these limitations, we developed a molecularly defined tuberculin (MDT) by adding further antigens to our prototype reagent composed of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c (DIVA skin test, DST). In vitro screening using PBMC from infected and uninfected cattle shortlisted four antigens from a literature-based list of 18 to formulate the MDT. These four antigens plus the previously identified Rv3020c protein, produced as recombinant proteins or overlapping synthetic peptides, were formulated together with the three DST antigens into the MDT to test cattle experimentally and naturally infected with M. bovis, uninfected cattle and MAP vaccinated calves. We demonstrated significant increases in MDT-induced skin responses compared to DST in infected animals, whilst maintaining high specificity in unvaccinated or MAP vaccinated calves. Further, MDT can also be applied in in vitro blood-based interferon-gamma release assays. Thus, MDT promises to be a robust diagnostic skin and blood test reagent overcoming some of the limitations of PPDs and warrants full validation.

A Summary of the Third Global Interferon-γ Release Assay Symposium

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Catanzaro ◽  
Charles Daley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ifn Γ

Studies over the past several decades have dramatically increased our understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and advances in proteomics and genomics have led to a new class of immune-diagnostic tests, termed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), which appear to obviate many of the problems encountered with the tuberculin skin test (TST). Worldwide, 2 IGRAs are currently commercially available. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (Cellestis) is a third-generation product that uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure IFN-γ generated in whole blood stimulated with M. tuberculosis–specific antigens. T-Spot-TB (Oxford Immunotec) employs enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot technology to enumerate the number of purified lymphocytes that respond to M. tuberculosis–specific antigens by producing IFN-γ. These in vitro tests measure the host immune response to M. tuberculosis–specific antigens, which virtually eliminates false-positive cross reactions caused by bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and/or exposure to environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria that plague the interpretation and accuracy of the tuberculin skin test (TST). The high specificity of IGRAs, together with sensitivity commensurate with or better than that of the TST, promises an accurate diagnosis and the ability to focus tuberculosis-control activities on those who are actually infected with M. tuberculosis. The Third Global Symposium was held over a 3-day period and was presented by the University of California, San Diego, Continuing Medical Education department; slides and sound recordings of each presentation are available at http://cme.ucsd.edu/igras/syllabus.html. A moderated discussion is also available at http://cme.ucsd.edu/igrasvideo. This document provides a summary of the key findings of the meeting, specifically focusing on the use of IGRAs in screening healthcare worker populations.

Controversial Techniques in Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-937
Author(s):  
GAIL G. SHAPIRO ◽  
JOHN A. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Allergy Skin Testing

Ten years ago a commentary appeared in Pediatrics entitled "Allergy Skin Testing: Science or Quackery?"1 This statement was a rejoinder to a commentary in Pediatrics in 19752 that included allergy skin testing in a list of laboratory procedures that are abused for financial gain. The gist of the reply was that allergy skin tests themselves were not the problem because they were valid bioassays for IgE antibody to specific antigens. Abuse and quackery set in when numerous, indiscriminately chosen skin tests were performed instead of an appropriate history, physical examination, and carefully selected tests based on that evaluation. The allergy skin test was at that time and remains today the most sensitive test for specific allergic antibody in the skin, its presence there reflecting its presence in the blood and respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Immunological Studies with an M-Deficient Histoplasmin Skin-Test Antigen

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
Leo Kaufman ◽  
David Mclaughlin ◽  
Robert T. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Test Antigen

Cat-Scratch Skin Test Antigen: Purification by Heating

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Hugh A. Carithers
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Antigen Purification

Since the first use of a skin test for cat-scratch disease by Harry Rose, M.D., on Frankline Hanger, M.D., in 1946,1 there have been no reports of transmission of hepatitis or other disease through the use of hundreds of tests with the antigen on thousands of people. Use of the antigen has prevented countless surgical procedures, especially biopsy or removal of lymph nodes, and it has also helped relieve the anxiety of patients and parents of patients faced with an unexplained lymphadenopathy. Nevertheless, potential danger from the test has prevented its use in some locations, including important medical centers, and has caused some physicians to worry about safety.

scholarly journals BONE MARROW AS SOURCE OF CELLS IN REACTIONS OF CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lubaroff ◽  
Byron H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Transfer ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

The precise origin of cells infiltrating tuberculin skin reactions was studied with the technique of immunofluorescence. Thymectomized, irradiated Lewis rats were restored with bone marrow from allogeneic or F1 donors. They were passively sensitized to tuberculin by a subsequent transfer of Lewis lymph node cells and were given intradermal skin tests with tuberculoprotein. In 24 hr reactions the majority of cells were shown to be derived from the infused marrow. These results were the same regardless whether the lymphocyte transfer was performed on the day of irradiation and marrow injection or 7 days later. The cells in the tuberculin reactions, marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes not derived from the bone marrow were found to originate in the transferred lymph node cells. The relative percentages of marrow-derived and lymph node-derived cells in the tuberculin reactions remained the same during the 9–24 hr period following skin test.

LOSS OF LEISHMANIN SKIN TEST ANTIGEN SENSITIVITY AND POTENCY IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN BANGLADESH

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARYN BERN ◽  
MUSTAKIM ALI ◽  
KATIE M. KURKJIAN ◽  
ROBERT F. BREIMAN ◽  
W. EVAN SECOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test

scholarly journals HYPERSENSITIVITY TO PENICILLENIC ACID DERIVATIVES IN HUMAN BEINGS WITH PENICILLIN ALLERGY

1962 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Parker ◽  
Jack Shapiro ◽  
Milton Kern ◽  
Herman N. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
Derivatives Of

Multifunctional derivatives of penicillenic acid are effective elicitors of wheal-and-erythema skin responses in humans allergic to penicillin. Of the effective derivatives, penicilloyl-polylysines are particularly attractive as skin test reagents because they appear to be incapable of inducing antibody formation. The skin responses are specifically inhibitable in most instances by homologous unifunctional haptens. The penicillenic acid derivatives which appear to be determinants of human allergic reactions to penicillin are: penicilloyl, penicillenate, and groups of the penamaldate-penilloaldehyde type. Of these, the most significant appears to be the penicilloyl-lysyl determinant.

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