Competition between Phytophthora cinnamomi and Trichoderma spp. in autoclaved soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kelley ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate

Results from analyses of β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1; EC 3.1.3.2) activities indicated that presence of a Trichoderma isolate reduced development of Phytophthora cinnamomi. It was also observed that P. cinnamomi was more competitive in coinoculated cultures than in cultures where Trichoderma was added on day 3. Analysis of trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) activity indicated that Trichoderma either utilized portions of the P. cinnamomi mycelium as substrate or the action of P. cinnamomi released additional nutrients not normally available to Trichoderma. The stronger Trichoderma isolate was T. harzianum.

Interactions of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Trichoderma spp. in relation to propagule production in soil cultures at 26 °C

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Inoculation Time ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Amended Soil

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum and T. polysporum on chlamydospore production by two isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi were determined over a 21-day period in nonsterile, sterilized, and sterilized amended soil. Trichoderma was either coinoculated with P. cinnamomi or added to the cultures on day 3 of the incubation period. In nonsterile soil, conversion of mycelial fragments in the P. cinnamomi inoculum to chlamydospores resulted in an initial slight increase in chlamydospore numbers. In cultures where either of the Trichoderma isolates was added on day 3, a significant reduction in chlamydospore numbers was observed on day 4; however, neither of the Trichoderma isolates at either inoculation time significantly affected chlamydospore numbers by day 21. Results from studies with sterilized amended soil indicated that a reduction in P. cinnamomi chlamydospore numbers by either of the Trichoderma isolates was dependent upon availability of simple carbohydrates. In sterilized nonamended soil, the number of chlamydospores was increased in cultures containing either Trichoderma isolate; in sterilized amended soil chlamydospore numbers were initially reduced, followed by a general increase as the nutrients were depleted. Neither of the Trichoderma isolates exhibited significant antagonistic qualities toward P. cinnamomi.

scholarly journals Control of root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in avocado (Persea Americana) with bioagents

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Karla Braga ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Martin Homechin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

ABSTRACT Despite the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for avocado production in Brazil, diseases such as root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi compromise the crop. With the aim of managing root rot in avocado, the present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological control with isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, three assays were conducted to assess: (i) mycelial inhibition of P. cinnamomi by isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens from different crop systems; (ii) effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens, and (iii) chemical or biological treatment of avocado seedlings on the control of root rot under field conditions. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. from maize cultivation soil and the commercial products formulated with Trichoderma presented greater antagonism (p <0.05) to the pathogen P. cinnamomi in the in vitro tests. Similarly, non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens presented antagonistic potential to control P. cinnamomi. Under field conditions, the fungicide metalaxyl and the bioagents showed effectiveness in controlling P. cinnamomi, as well as greater root length and mass. Results demonstrated potential for the biological control of avocado root rot with Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens.

Effects of Trichoderma on sexual reproduction of some species of Pythium and Phytophthora

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1651-1654
Author(s):  
R. H. Haskins ◽  
N. R. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Pythium Acanthicum

Pythium and Phytophthora cultures were subjected to volatile products from cultures of several Trichoderma spp., as well as to killed mycelium and extracts therefrom. Oospores were produced by Pythium acanthicum and P. arrhenomanes and by one strain of each of the compatible heterothallic pairs of P. sylvaticum and P. catenulatum tested, only in the presence of a suitable sterol. The volatile products of the Trichoderma spp. tested had no apparent effect on oospore production. Direct contact with Trichoderma mycelium, or fat-solvent extracts of such mycelium, resulted in oospore production by P. acanthicum. Such oospore production was likely due to the presence of sterols in the Trichoderma. Similarly, with the compatible pairs of Phytophthora cinnamomi tested, oospores were produced by paired cultures or, in some cases, by the 'A2' strains alone, only in the presence of a suitable sterol, whether or not volatile products from Trichoderma cultures were provided to the growing organisms.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma spp. against Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Control of Holm Oak Decline in Dehesas Ecosystems

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ruiz-Gómez ◽  
Cristina Miguel-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Oak Mortality ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

Phytophthora root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the main causes of oak mortality in Mediterranean open woodlands, the so-called dehesas. Disease control is challenging; therefore, new alternative measures are needed. This study focused on searching for natural biocontrol agents with the aim of developing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in dehesas as a part of adaptive forest management (AFM) strategies. Native Trichoderma spp. were selectively isolated from healthy trees growing in damaged areas by P. cinnamomi root rot, using Rose Bengal selective medium. All Trichoderma (n = 95) isolates were evaluated against P. cinnamomi by mycelial growth inhibition (MGI). Forty-three isolates presented an MGI higher than 60%. Twenty-one isolates belonging to the highest categories of MGI were molecularly identified as T. gamsii, T. viridarium, T. hamatum, T. olivascens, T. virens, T. paraviridescens, T. linzhiense, T. hirsutum, T. samuelsii, and T. harzianum. Amongst the identified strains, 10 outstanding Trichoderma isolates were tested for mycoparasitism, showing values on a scale ranging from 3 to 4. As far as we know, this is the first report referring to the antagonistic activity of native Trichoderma spp. over P. cinnamomi strains cohabiting in the same infected dehesas. The analysis of the tree health status and MGI suggest that the presence of Trichoderma spp. might diminish or even avoid the development of P. cinnamomi, protecting trees from the worst effects of P. cinnamomi root rot.

scholarly journals In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz da Paz Lima ◽  
Maria Cristina Araújo Vaz ◽  
Aline Suelen da Silva ◽  
Karoliny De Almeida Souza ◽  
Gabriel Isaias Lee Tuñon
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Opposite Position ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Area Percentage

The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica in vitro de cepas de Trichoderma spp frente a Phytophthora cinnamomi, fitopatógeno de Persea americana (Palta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Ebeling M. Morales T. ◽  
Mirko D. Lino N. ◽  
Eddy Ortega R. ◽  
Pedro L. Castellanos S.
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Phytophthora cinnamomi es un fitopatógeno reportado como el agente causal de la pudrición radicular del palto en el Perú. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp aisladas de la rizósfera de un cultivo de paltos del distrito de Quilmaná, Cañete. Para la evaluación in vitro de la capacidad antagónica de las cepas aisladas se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual en donde se midió los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) de P. cinnamomi. Del total de cepas aisladas, 3 (P1.1, P4.9 y P5.3) presentaron mayores PICR con 53.86, 56,24 y 60,49 % respectivamente. La identificación molecular indicó que la cepas P4.9 y P1.1 presentan un 99,66 y 100% de similitud con Trichoderma asperellum mientras que la cepa P5.3 un 98,17% de similitud con Trichoderma spp, según el análisis BLAST. En base a los resultados obtenidos estas cepas de Trichoderma asperellum representan un potencial para ser utilizadas como agentes biocontroladores de P. cinnamomi. por lo que se recomienda realizar ensayo en campo.

scholarly journals Systemic Resistance Induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions Between the Host, the Pathogen, the Biocontrol Agent, and Soil Organic Matter Quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. J. Hoitink ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
A. E. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Quality

Several factors affect the ability of Trichoderma spp. to provide systemic disease control. This paper focuses on the role of the substrate in which plants are grown, resistance of the host to disease, and the ability of introduced Trichoderma inoculum to spread under commercial conditions. Several reports reveal that foliar disease control provided by Trichoderma spp. is more effective on plants grown in compost-amended media compared with in lower-in-microbial-carrying-capacity sphagnum peat media. In Rhododendron spp., host resistance affects control of Phytophthora dieback provided by Trichoderma spp. For example, T. hamatum 382 (T382) significantly (P = 0.05) suppressed the disease on susceptible cv. Roseum Elegans while plant vigor was increased. The disease was not suppressed, however, on highly susceptible cvs. Aglo and PJM Elite even though the vigor of these plants was increased. Using a strain-specific polymerase chain reaction assay under commercial conditions, it was demonstrated that introduced inoculum of T382 did not spread frequently from inoculated to control compost-amended media. Other Trichoderma isolates typically are abundant in control media within days after potting unless inoculated with a specific Trichoderma isolate. Thus, the low population of isolates that can induce systemic resistance in composting and potting mix environments may explain why most compost-amended substrates do not naturally suppress foliar diseases.

scholarly journals Endophytic Trichoderma Species Isolated from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum Roots Reduce Symptoms Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Avocado

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽  
Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas ◽  
Omar Romero-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium

Avocado root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi is a severe disease that affects avocado production in Mexico and worldwide. The use of biological control agents such as Trichoderma species isolated from places where the disease is always present, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the biocontrol ability of 10 endophytic Trichoderma spp. strains against P. cinnamomi tested both in vitro and in the greenhouse. The endophytic Trichoderma spp. were recovered from Persea americana and Cinnamomum verum roots, isolated and purified on potato–dextrose–agar medium. Ten strains were identified by phylogenetic reconstruction of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA sequences as T. asperellum (T-AS1, T-AS2, T-AS6, and T-AS7), T. harzianum (T-H3, T-H4, and T-H5), T. hamatum (T-A12), T. koningiopsis (T-K8 and T-K11), and P. cinnamomi (CPO-PCU). In vitro dual-culture assay, the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) between Trichoderma spp. and P. cinnamomi strains was measured according to the Bell’s scale. PIRG results indicated that T-AS2 reached the highest value of 78.32%, and T-H5 reached the lowest value of 38.66%. In the greenhouse, the infection was evaluated according to the percentage of disease incidence. Plants with the lowest incidence of dead by avocado root rot were those whose seedlings were inoculated with T-AS2 and T-AS7, resulting in only 5% death by root rot caused by P. cinnamomi. The disease incidence of seedlings with wilt symptoms and death decreased more than 50% in the presence of Trichoderma spp. Relying on the results, we conclude that T. asperellum and T. harzianum contribute to the biocontrol of soil-borne pathogenic oomycete P. cinnamomi.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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