Inhibitory Effect of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate against Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Brinjal Wilt

A native Trichoderma isolate was collected from the agricultural soil of Gazipur. This isolate was identified as a Trichoderma asperellum through morphology and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA gene sequence and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree. The antagonistic effects of the newly identified T. asperellum isolate were assessed against brinjal bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum both in vitro and in planta. Both qualitative and quantitative bioassays were conducted in vitro. For qualitative tests, dual culture and antibacterial activity were carried out, and pathogen growth was observed visually. The antagonism of T. asperellum cell free culture filtrate on the growth of R. solanacearum was conducted in a quantitative test. Successful antagonism was recorded after both in vitro qualitative tests. In addition, the lowest colony forming unit was recorded in 100% of CFC (2.4±0.51 ×103 cfu/ml) in quantitative test. The T. asperellum inoculated plant showed low disease incidence (13.33%) when seedlings were challenged with R. solanacearum in planta experiment. Disease incidence was 100% for seedlings when treated with only R. solanacearum. The results showed that the isolated and identified T. asperellum isolate suppressed R. solanacearum growth in vitro and protected the seedling from wilting in planta. Therefore, this isolate could be considered as a potential isolate. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 107-120

Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

Screening of Fungi from Oil Palm Rhizosphere in Peat Soils and the Potential as Biological Agents against Ganoderma boninense

One of the diseases that attack oil palm plants is stem rot disease. Control efforts that can be done is to use rhizosphere fungi from oil palm plants in peat soils. This study aimed to select fungi from rhizosphere of oil palm plants in peat soil based on morphological characteristics and test their potential as biological agents against Ganoderma boninense. This research was conducted by exploration, observation and experiment by using complete randomized design (RAL). The parameters observed were macroscopic characteristics of fungi from oil palm rhizosphere, disease severity index, fungus inhibition power from oil palm rhizosphere to G. boninense, colony diameter and growth rate of high antagonist rhizosphere fungus, hyperparasitic type of fungus from rhizosphere of oil palm plant with G. boninense and the morphological characteristics of fungi from high antagonist rhizosphere in macroscopic and microscopic. The results showed that 12 rhizosphere fungi isolates and 4 isolates were antagonist to G. boninense. Isolate J5 has a high antagonist power of 70.26% and is a genus Trichoderma, isolate J7 belongs to the genus Trichoderma, isolate J10 genus Aspergillus and isolate J12 genus Mucor.

Pellet Formulation of Trichoderma Isolated from Aceh with Potential for Biocontrol of Phytophthora Sp. on Cacao Sedlings

Molleculler study was conducted to identify several species of Trichoderma isolate from several plant (Pine, Cacao, Gliceria, Nutmeg, Bamboo, Coffee, Potato). The growth of eight species Trichodermaafter pelleting formulation has been observed. Pellet Trichoderma harzianum have good ability to growth on PDA medium after 4 weeks storage. Base on their mycelium diameter growth on PDA, T. harzianum have selected as potential species on pellet formulation growth. Several dose of pellet formulation have been applied for controlling Phythopthora disease. The application of T. harzianum pellets in the form of a 2 g / 100 ml (S1) suspension effective in inhibiting the development of Phytophthora sp in cacao seedlings, when the higher concentrations of T. harzianum pellets applied to cacao seeds,the disease severity increase. Pellet Trichoderma could be use as biological control agent of cacao seedling in certain dosage.

Application Test Rhizobium and Trichoderma To The Growth and Yield Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L))

The objective of the research was to know of the responses of the aplication Rhizobium of nodule root Soybean as well as nodule root Mimosa pudica and Trichoderma iso- late Tc-Jjr02. The research was conducted on the Green House Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, from Januari to Mei 2016. This research com- piled using a factorial randomized complete design which consists of 2 factors : factor I is application Rhizobium consisting of : R0 (withow Rhizobium), R1(Rhizobium of soy- bean), R2(Rhizobium of mimosa pudica). Factor II application Trichoderma consisting of : T0 (withow Trichoderma) and T1 (Trichoderma isolat Jati Jejer-02). Of these two factors obtained 6 treatment combinations and repeated 4 times. From the analysis of statisti- cal data shows that application Rhizobium on significant effect the amount of leaf age 40 HST and 60 HST as well as the number of pods, planting seed weight , weight of 100 seeds, and fresh weight of plant root nodules. Application Rhizobium significantly affected the wet weight of stover. Trichoderma isolate Jati Jejer-02 capable symbio- sis with the plant so that the very significant effect on plant height age 7 HST and the amount of leaf age 20 HST. As well as the interaction between application Rhizobium and Trichoderma isolates significantly affected the number of pods plant.

EFIKASI ISOLAT TRICHODERMA TERPILIH DENGAN BAHAN ORGANIK UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG PADA LADA DI LAPANGAN

Efficacy of selected Trichoderma isolate and organic matter to control foot rot of black pepper in the field. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of selected Trichoderma isolatand organic matter to control the disease. Dual culture method was used to select a Trichoderma isolate. The experiment to evaluate the efficacy of selected isolate consisted of control (no application of T. harzianum or organic matter), T. harzianum and rice straw, and T. harzianum and coffee husk. As starter, T. harzianum was grown in broken rice. Two liters of organic matter was infested with suspension of 10 g starter in 100 ml steril water and incubated for 2 weeks. The mixture was applied around the base of black pepper stem. The results showed that all plants treated with T. harzianum and organic matter did not show disease symptom. Ten percent of the control plants showed symptoms. However, statistical analysis showed that the occurrence of the disease was not significantly different between treatments. Applications ofT. harzianum and rice straw increased the density of Trichoderma for 1 and 2 months after application. T. harzianum and coffee husk increased the density of the fungus 1 month after application.

In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.