A modified bioassay for heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stavric ◽  
D. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Stomach Distention ◽  
Time Required

Infant mice were injected orally with preparations containing Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and Evans blue dye, and incubated at 22 °C. With enterotoxin-positive samples, the stomach was distended and contained essentially all of the dye. With enterotoxin-negative samples, the stomach remained normal in size and the dye passed freely into the intestines. The time required to obtain the maximum ratio of gut weight to body weight varied from 30 to 90 min and was dependent upon the concentration of enterotoxin. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) had no effect during this period.Based on these findings, the mouse incubation time was reduced from 4 h to 90 min, and the heating of test samples was retained only for confirmation of ST. The location of the dye and stomach distention served as an indicator of positive responses to ST. Incubation of the mice at room temperature (22 °C) was found satisfactory.

scholarly journals Estimating plasma volume in neonatal Holstein calves fed one or two feedings of a lacteal-based colostrum replacer using Evans blue dye and hematocrit values at various time points

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie G. Cabral ◽  
Colleen E. Chapman ◽  
Emily J. Kent ◽  
Peter S. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Cabral, R. G., Chapman, C. E., Kent, E. J. and Erickson, P. S. 2015. Estimating plasma volume in neonatal Holstein calves fed one or two feedings of a lacteal-based colostrum replacer using Evans blue dye and hematocrit values at various time points. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 293–298. Twenty-eight Holstein calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to one of two treatments to investigate the effect of colostrum replacer (CR) feeding regimen on plasma volume (PV). Treatments were: (1) one feeding of CR (C1; 3 L of reconstituted CR 675 g of powder providing 184.5 g of IgG at birth) or (2) two feedings of CR (C2; 2 L of reconstituted CR at birth and 1 L of reconstituted CR at 6 h). By 6 h of age, all calves had received 3 L of CR providing 184.5 g of IgG. Plasma volume was estimated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after birth using Evans blue dye. No treatment effects were noted at any time points (P>0.05). Mean PV for all calves regardless of treatment at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h were 78.6, 89.2, 83.9, and 90.7 mL kg−1 of body weight, respectively. Plasma volume was correlated with hematocrit (HCT), initial HCT, and treatment. Hematocrit was correlated with PV, initial HCT, and body weight. Hematocrit for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after birth can be predicted with an initial precolostral HCT determination.

Regional Deposition of Inhaled Evans Blue Dye in Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits with Air or Helium Oxygen Mixture

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Svartengren ◽  
Patrik Skogward ◽  
Ola Nerbrink ◽  
Magnus Dahlbäck
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Regional Deposition

scholarly journals Acoustic enhanced Evans blue dye perfusion in neurological tissues

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Lewis Jr. ◽  
Willam L. Olbricht ◽  
George Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

Flow of edema fluid into pulmonary airways

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Mason ◽  
R. M. Effros
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Colloid Particles ◽  
Edema Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Airways ◽  
99Mtc Sulfur Colloid

An in situ rabbit preparation was used to characterize the manner in which edema fluid enters the airways when left atrial pressures are elevated. The airways were initially filled with fluid to minimize retrograde flow of edema fluid into the alveoli. The airway solution contained 125I-albumin and in some studies [14C]sucrose, and the lungs were perfused with a comparable solution which contained albumin labeled with Evans blue dye and 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) or 99mTc-sulfur-colloid particles (0.4-1.7 micron diam). After 30 min of perfusion, fluid was pumped from the airways into serial tubes. When left atrial pressures were low, there was very little transfer of labels detectable between the airway and perfusate solutions. However when left atrial pressures were increased to either 15 or 22 cmH2O, fluid entered the airways containing approximately the same concentrations of Evans blue dye and 99mTc-DTPA as those present in the perfusate. In contrast, the concentration of colloid particles averaged less than 5% perfusate concentrations, indicating that the fluid had not escaped through a tear in the barriers separating the vascular and airway compartments. Concentrations of the perfusate fluid and indicators were highest in the initial samples pumped from the airways. These observations suggest that some of the fluid entering the airways may be derived from peribronchial cuffs or that there are marked regional differences in edema formation from alveoli.

scholarly journals A Study of the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Central Pontine Myelinolysis in a Rat Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q-H Ke ◽  
T-B Liang ◽  
J Yu ◽  
S-S Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Central Pontine Myelinolysis ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Pontine Myelinolysis ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Central Pontine

The development of central pontine myelinolysis was studied in rats. Severe hyponatraemia was induced using vasopressin tannate and 2.5% dextrose in water and then rapidly corrected with hypertonic saline alone, hypertonic saline and dexamethasone simultaneously, or hypertonic saline plus dexamethasone 24 h later. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated using the extravasation of Evans blue dye and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain was examined using Western blot analysis. Histological sections were examined for demyelinating lesions. In rats receiving hypertonic saline alone, Evans blue dye content and expression of iNOS began to increase 6 and 3 h, respectively, after rapid correction of hyponatraemia and demyelinating lesions were seen. When dexamethasone was given simultaneously with hypertonic saline, these increases were inhibited and demyelinating lesions were absent. These effects were lost if dexamethasone injection was delayed. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and increased iNOS expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis, and early treatment with dexamethasone may help prevent the development of central pontine myelinolysis.

scholarly journals Suppression of tuberculoimmunity in mice by Evans blue dye.

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Crowle ◽  
M H May
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

99mTc–Evans Blue Dye for Mapping Contiguous Lymph Node Sequences and Discriminating the Sentinel Lymph Node in an Ovine Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Tsopelas ◽  
Elaine Bevington ◽  
James Kollias ◽  
Sabah Shibli ◽  
Gelareh Farshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

Effect of sweat loss on body fluids

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Kozlowski ◽  
Bengt Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Sweat Loss ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Additional Water

Six healthy men were studied under normal conditions and after dehydration caused by sweating produced 1) in a sauna at 80 C, 2) by hard muscular work at 18 C, and 3) by mild exercise at room temperature 38 C. The dehydration period lasted for 2.5@#X2013;3.5 hr. Sweat was collected in impermeable plastic bags around the forearm. Body weight, Evans blue space, and apparent inulin space were determined before and about 90 min after the dehydration period. The average decrease in body weight was 3.1 (4.1%), 3.1, and 3.5 kg for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The reduction in apparent inulin space was 1.4, 0.2 and 1.3 liters, respectively. The decrease in Evans blue space paralleled the reduction in apparent inulin space. In the three conditions no significant differences were found in calculated total loss of electrolytes. Water liberated from combustion of fat and carbohydrates plus water previously stored with glycogen can account for up to 1.1 liters of the intracellular water loss during the hard exercise (2). The additional water loss from the cells is discussed in light of electrolyte shifts. dehydration; intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid; plasma volume Submitted on January 20, 1964

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