Factors affecting germination, mycoparasitism, and survival of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ayers ◽  
P. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Fine Quartz

Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., germinated after 3 days in soil adjacent to sclerotia of S. minor and on membrane filters placed on soil containing sclerotia. Germination increased with time up to 18 days and with concentration of sclerotia. Conidia as distant as 9 mm from single sclerotia germinated. Germination of conidia was maximum on a sclerotial agar medium in the range of pH 5 to pH7. Cultivation of S. sclerotivorum parasitically on living sclerotia proceeded optimally in moist, fine quartz sand amended with 1 to 2% (w/w) sclerotia and 0.07% (w/w) CaCO3, at 25 °C. Infection of sclerotia in sand reached 100% by 5 weeks. Conidia production paralleled infection resulting in logarithmic increase in numbers; a maximum of 3 × 105 to 4 × 105 conidia/g was reached in 6 to 12 weeks. Viability of air-dried sand–sclerotial cultures of S. sclerotivorum was reduced after 1 and 6 days, but viability was undiminished in air-dried soil. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum survived in moist and air-dried soils stored at room temperature for 15 months.

THE STUDY ON TA VAT WINE PRODUCTION FROM SUGAR PALM (ARENGA PINNATA) SAP

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thu ◽  
Đặng Minh Nhật ◽  
Nguyễn Hoàng Dung
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Wine Fermentation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Best Parameters

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a feather palm native to tropical Asia. In Vietnam, it is named Búng Báng or Đoác and grown only on the highlands in the central or northern part of Vietnam. It is utilized for many purposes, especially for Ta Vat wine production - a characteristic and unique product of Co Tu ethnic minority. However, because of the natural fermentation used in the production, the product quality is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine a new procedure of using palm sap for making Ta Vat wine. Some characteristics of the sap, which was collected at Nam Giang district, Quang Nam province are determined, proving the potential of the sap for making wine product. The quality of sap changes quickly at room temperature. At low temperature (4 - 60C), the changes in sap quality are apparently slower. Examining some factors affecting its quality during the wine fermentation process, we determined the best parameters for the fermentation process as follows: inoculum size of 3% with cell density of about 1x108 cells/ml, the addition of the extract from the bark of Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea L.) 4%. Keywords: Arenga pinnata, sap, Ceylon ironwood bark, Mesua ferrea L., wine fermentation.

Post-emergence weed control through abrasion with an approved organic fertilizer

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Trevor James ◽  
Anis Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Fine Quartz

AbstractCorn gluten meal (CGM) is an approved organic fertilizer and pre-emergence herbicide that can be manufactured in the form of grit. This grit was tested for its ability to abrade seedlings of the summer annual weedy grass, Setaria pumila, when plants were in the 1- to 5-leaf stages of growth. CGM was propelled at air pressures of 250–750 kPa at distances of 30–60 cm from the plants. Established seedlings of S. pumila were controlled more effectively when grit was applied at 500 and 750 kPa than at 250 kPa, as well as when the applicator's nozzle was 30 cm from the plants compared to 60 cm distance. Seedling growth and dry weights were greatly reduced by exposures to grit at 60 cm and 500 kPa for 2 s or less, and seedlings were nearly completely destroyed at 30 cm distance and 750 kPa. CGM, a soft grit, was as effective for abrading seedlings as fine quartz sand, a hard grit. CGM had little pre-emergence herbicidal effect on S. pumila. Although regrowth can occur in S. pumila after abrasion by grit, the initial grit-induced stunting is sufficient to allow competing crop plants, like maize, to escape competition and suppress the weed. Consequently, CGM may be an effective form of soft grit for post-emergence abrasion of seedlings of summer annual grass weeds in organic row crops, while simultaneously supplying the crop with fertilizer.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Wide-Gap Region Brazed with Various Powder Mixing Ratios of Additive to Filler Metal Powders

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hwan Kim ◽  
S.I. Kwun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Powder Mixing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wide Gap

This study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wide-gap region brazed with various powder mixing ratios of additive powder (IN738) to filler metal powder (DF4B). The wide-gap brazing process was carried out in a vacuum of 2×10-5 torr at 1230°C for 1 hr. The microstructure of the brazed region was analyzed by FESEM and AES. The wide-gap region brazed with 60wt.% IN738 additive powder and 40 wt.% DF 4B filler metal powder had a microstructure consisting of Ni solid solution + γ' and (Cr, W)2B. The fracture strength of the wide-gap region brazed with 60 wt.% IN738 additive and 40 wt.% DF 4B powder was as high as 832 MPa at room temperature. It was found that the (Cr, W)2B and pores in the brazed region are important microstructural factors affecting the mechanical properties of the wide-gap brazed region.

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals Elastic, inelastic and time constant measurement for M102 (AL–C–O) dispersions-reinforced aluminum alloys

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Khaleel Abushgair
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bulk Content

Purpose. To conduct an experimental study on M102 aluminum alloy bulk content characterization under cyclic loadings for precision applications such as balance machines, optical, and laser instruments. M102 (AL-C-O) dispersion-reinforced aluminum alloy was chosen because of its ability to withstand temperatures beyond 200C and has a better strength than precipitation-hardened Al alloys at room temperature. A CNC milling machine is used to manufacture test samples with longitudinal machining directions. A constant time interval is set for the fabric a quarter-hour span, which is based on the investigation of inelastic and plastic deformations in the nanoscale. Methodology. An electromagnetic test instrument applies a tensile stress range of 10 to 145 N/mm2 to samples with particular shape. It should be noted that interferometers and capacitive sensors were used to measure all forms of deformations with and without loading. The experiments are carried out in a temperature-stable environment of 30.5 C; measurements are taken within a residual strain range of 10 microns. Findings. The results obtained show that results for inelastic deformations for samples of longitudinal cuts direction at 30.5 C were measured under 150 N/mm2 stress as 500 nm inelastic deformation and 100 nm plastic deformation were measured, which is much higher than aluminum alloy studied before at room temperature (20 C). Furthermore, it was found that the time constant of the M102 (ALCO) aluminum alloy samples was double times higher than that for other samples, Originality. For the first time, a study has been conducted on inelastic and plastic deformations in the nanoscale for characterization of M102 aluminum alloy bulk content under cyclic loadings for precision applications. Practical value. One of the main factors affecting the using of other materials than steel in precision applications such as balance machines, optical, and laser instruments is measurement and determination of inelastic, plastic and time constant of the process of delamination of materials of different aluminum alloys since they are nonmagnetic, are easily machined and shaped. This will bring new products and opportunities for these materials.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF ANTIFUNGI BACTERIA FROM BANANA RHIZOSPHERE TO INHIBIT Fusarium Oxysproum f.sp cubense (FOC) GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Albert Sembiring ◽  
Natalia Lusianingsih Sumanto
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Vitro Test

Fusarium wilt disease on banana has been known as panama disease one of the main diseases that cause huge losses for banana farmers. It is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc), which is very hard control because it is saprophytic in the soil. The mold infiltrates the root to vascular tissue that induces yellowing on the leaf, so this pathogen can attack the root, stem dan leaf. The research aimed to search bacteria from the banana rhizosphere that have an antifungal activity to inhibit Foc growth. Bacteria was isolated by serial dilution then was spread on King’s B agar medium incubation 28oC (room temperature). Four quadrants in vitro test on PDA medium used twenty bacterial from isolation, from the test was obtained six isolates have the potential to inhibit the growth of Foc. Based on percentage inhibition radial growth four isolates that have inhibition 50% over which TR2 was the highest at 79.07%. The in vitro test confirmed that bacteria from the banana rhizosphere have potential as biocontrol agent because it was able to inhibit the Foc growth.

scholarly journals Factors affecting developmental competence of equine oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y H Choi ◽  
L B Love ◽  
D D Varner ◽  
K Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
High Glucose Medium

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of initial cumulus morphology (expanded or compact) and duration of in vitro maturation (24, 30 or 42 h) on the developmental competence of equine oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The effect of manipulation temperature (room temperature vs 37 °C) at the time of ICSI and concentration of glucose (0.55 vs 5.5 mM) during embryo culture was also investigated. The nuclear maturation rates of expanded (Ex) oocytes were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those of compact (Cp) oocytes at all maturation times (61–72 vs 23–25% respectively). Forty-eight hours after ICSI of mature Ex oocytes, the rate of cleavage with normal nuclei was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for oocytes matured for 24 h than for those matured for 30 or 42 h (73 vs 57–59% respectively). For Cp oocytes, the morphologic cleavage rates for oocytes matured for 30 h were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for those matured for 24 or 42 h (86 vs 55–61% respectively). The overall proportion of embryos having more than four normal nuclei at 48 h culture was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Cp than for Ex oocytes. Manipulation temperature did not affect development of embryos from Ex or Cp oocytes at 96 h after ICSI. Culture in high-glucose medium significantly increased morphologic cleavage of Cp, but not Ex, oocytes (P < 0.05). Embryos from Cp oocytes had a significantly higher average nucleus number after 96-h culture than did embryos from Ex oocytes. These data indicate that developmental competence differs between Ex and Cp equine oocytes, and is differentially affected by the duration of maturation and by composition of embryo culture media.

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