A COMPARISON OF THE UTILIZATION OF RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL BY THE RAT

The effects of Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil on weekly weight gains, food consumptions, liver storage of vitamin A, plasma and adrenal cholesterol concentrations, organ weights, and testes histology were determined in Wistar rats for 5 weeks after weaning. At each weekly interval, animals fed rapeseed oil showed lesser weight gains and food consumptions, but, when body weight gains were adjusted for food consumptions by covariance analyses, differences largely disappeared. Liver storage of vitamin A was similar with both oils. Testes of animals fed rapeseed oil exhibited no alteration in cellular characteristics, but a reduction in tubular size. When fed to older rats, rapeseed oil again produced smaller weight gains which were accounted for at 4 weeks' time by a depressed appetite.Similar weight gains were obtained with corn oil and rapeseed oil when the oils were paired fed and when adjustments for food consumption were made by covariance analyses of weight gains of animals receiving the oils ad libitum. With corn oil supplied on a restricted basis the testicular tubules were smaller than those obtained with unrestricted feeding of corn oil. The absorption of corn oil and rapeseed oil fed ad libitum was 95 and 92% respectively. It was concluded that the two oils were not very differently utilized.

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The influence of food restriction versus ad libitum feeding of chow and purified diets on variation in body weight, growth and physiology of female Wistar rats

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/la.2011.011011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M Moraal ◽

P P A M Leenaars ◽

H Arnts ◽

K Smeets ◽

B S Savenije ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Ad Libitum

Ad libitum (AL) supply of standard chow is the feeding method most often used for rodents in animal experiments. However, AL feeding is known to result in a shorter lifespan and decreased health as compared with restricted feeding. Restricted feeding and thus limiting calorie intake prevents many health problems, increases lifespan and can also increase group uniformity. All this leads to a reduced number of animals needed. So-called standard chows are known to be prone to variation in composition. Synthetic foods have a more standard composition, contributing to group uniformity which, like diet reduction, may decrease the number of animals necessary to obtain statistical significance. In this study, we compared the effects of AL versus restricted feeding (25% reduction in food intake) on standard chow versus synthetic food of three different suppliers on body weight (BW), growth, several blood parameters and organ weights in growing female Wistar rats over a period of 61 days. Diet restriction led to a decreased growth and significantly reduced variation in BW and growth as compared with AL feeding. AL feeding on synthetic diets caused a significantly higher BW gain than on chow diets. Due to experimental design, this same effect occurred on food restriction. Blood parameters and organ weights were affected neither by diet type nor by amount. Incidentally, variations were significantly reduced on food restriction versus AL, and on synthetic diets versus chow diets. This study demonstrates that food restriction versus AL feeding leads to a significantly reduced variation in BW and growth, thereby indicating the potential for reduction when applying this feeding schedule.

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SOLVENT-EXTRACTED RAPESEED OIL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR PIGS AND RATS: IV. LIVER WEIGHTS AND VITAMIN A STORAGE IN THE LIVER

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas63-038 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. P. Bowland ◽

J. G. Manns ◽

S. Zivković

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Live Weight ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Protein Source ◽

Absolute Weight ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Liver Storage

Sows receiving rations containing solvent-extracted rapeseed oil meal (R.O.M.) as a replacement for 50 or 100 per cent of the soybean oil meal in the ration (6.0 and 12.0 per cent R.O.M. in the total ration during gestation and lactation) had larger livers on the basis of either absolute weight or of the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The sows receiving the highest level of dietary R.O.M. had increased liver storage of vitamin A per gram of liver and in the total liver. With pigs at 200 pounds live-weight, 12-week-old growing rats, or rats following reproduction, the ratio of fiver weight to body weight was increased when high levels of R.O.M. were included in the diet, but these differences were non-significant. Vitamin A storage in the fivers of these animals was not influenced consistently by the level of R.O.M. in the diet.

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EFFECTS OF VARYING PROPORTIONS OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON THE RAT

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o57-140 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1225-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joyce L. Beare ◽

T. K. Murray ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Male Rats ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Total Diet ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Lipid Excretion

Rapeseed oil, corn oil, and mixtures of the two oils containing 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% rapeseed oil were fed to weanling rats at levels of 10 and 20% by weight of the purified diet. A significant decrease in body weight gains and in food consumptions occurred with the two highest levels of rapeseed oil, that is, 16 and 20% by weight of the total diet. At the same levels there was an increased lipid excretion. Corn oil and rapeseed oil which had been heated to 200 °C. for 120 hours produced no changes in weight gains when fed at the 10% level, but exhibited some growth-retarding effects at the 20% level. At both levels heated corn oil and rapeseed oil increased the liver weight of male rats.

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RESPONSES OF TWO STRAINS OF RATS TO RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o60-021 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joyce L. Beare ◽

T. K. Murray ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dietary Oil

Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats were compared in their response to 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil in a basal diet of ground fox cubes. Apparent coefficients of digestibility were significantly lower for rapeseed oil than for corn oil in the Sprague–Dawley, but not in the Wistar rats. After 6 weeks the adrenals of Sprague–Dawley rats were larger in the animals fed rapeseed oil than in those fed corn oil, while the adrenals of Wistar rats were not influenced by the dietary oil. These strain differences explain some discrepancies appearing in the literature concerning the effects of rapeseed oil in the rat.In another experiment, Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats deprived of vitamin A for 18 days were fed a purified basal diet with 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil and dosed with 75 or 150 I.U. of vitamin A per day. After 14 days there was no significant effect of the strain of rat or the type of dietary oil on the liver storage of vitamin A. The rate of depletion of vitamin A from the liver following a single dose of 1200 I.U. of vitamin A was also studied and indicated no significant difference attributable to the dietary oils.

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RESPONSES OF TWO STRAINS OF RATS TO RAPESEED OIL AND CORN OIL

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y60-021 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joyce L. Beare ◽

T. K. Murray ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dietary Oil

Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats were compared in their response to 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil in a basal diet of ground fox cubes. Apparent coefficients of digestibility were significantly lower for rapeseed oil than for corn oil in the Sprague–Dawley, but not in the Wistar rats. After 6 weeks the adrenals of Sprague–Dawley rats were larger in the animals fed rapeseed oil than in those fed corn oil, while the adrenals of Wistar rats were not influenced by the dietary oil. These strain differences explain some discrepancies appearing in the literature concerning the effects of rapeseed oil in the rat.In another experiment, Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats deprived of vitamin A for 18 days were fed a purified basal diet with 20% rapeseed oil or corn oil and dosed with 75 or 150 I.U. of vitamin A per day. After 14 days there was no significant effect of the strain of rat or the type of dietary oil on the liver storage of vitamin A. The rate of depletion of vitamin A from the liver following a single dose of 1200 I.U. of vitamin A was also studied and indicated no significant difference attributable to the dietary oils.

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EFFECTS OF VARYING PROPORTIONS OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON THE RAT

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y57-140 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1225-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joyce L. Beare ◽

T. K. Murray ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Male Rats ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Total Diet ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Lipid Excretion

Rapeseed oil, corn oil, and mixtures of the two oils containing 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% rapeseed oil were fed to weanling rats at levels of 10 and 20% by weight of the purified diet. A significant decrease in body weight gains and in food consumptions occurred with the two highest levels of rapeseed oil, that is, 16 and 20% by weight of the total diet. At the same levels there was an increased lipid excretion. Corn oil and rapeseed oil which had been heated to 200 °C. for 120 hours produced no changes in weight gains when fed at the 10% level, but exhibited some growth-retarding effects at the 20% level. At both levels heated corn oil and rapeseed oil increased the liver weight of male rats.

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THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o59-133 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1191-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Joyce L. Beare ◽

E. R. W. Gregory ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Erucic Acid ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Retarding Effect ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

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EFFECT OF DIETARY OILS ON THE DEPLETION OF VITAMIN A

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y60-082 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 663-666

Author(s):

T. K. Murray ◽

J. L. Beare ◽

J. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Vitamin A Metabolism ◽

Dietary Oils ◽

Depletion Period ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Dietary Oil ◽

Small Content

The effect of dietary corn oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil on the vitamin A content of liver and kidney during depletion of the vitamin was studied. Dietary oil had no influence on the rate at which liver stores of the vitamin declined in a 2-month period. Kidney stores of vitamin A rose throughout the depletion period but less markedly in the group fed rapeseed oil. The weight gain of vitamin A deficient rats was reduced somewhat earlier when rapeseed oil was fed but the survival time of rats fed corn oil or rapeseed oil was similar. The rats fed olive oil lived somewhat longer due to its small content of β-carotene. It was concluded that rapeseed oil had only a slight influence on vitamin A metabolism.

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THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas66-003 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. D. T. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

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