LOSS OF WEIGHT AND LIPID SHIFTS IN ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS IN RELATION TO TUMOR SIZE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-681
Author(s):  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Audrey A. Deyette
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pyloric Stomach

The objective of this project was to find to what extent loss of weight in the digestive tract might affect tumor size and age in albino rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Wet weight, dry weight, and water content were measured upon tongue, esophagus, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and residual carcass (minus tumor). The animals bore tumors weighing 12 ± 6 (mean ± S.D.) % of host (minus tumor) weight after 18 ± 6 days of tumor growth (group I), 38 ± 12% after 24 ± 6 days (group II), and 93 ± 26% after 29 ± 5 days (group III) and controls were twins of the same sex. There were few significant changes in the animals of group I. In group II, there was loss of dry weight in all organs except pyloric stomach, losses being percentagewise the same as in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight of jejunum and ileum was less in rats of group III than in those of group II. In group III, loss of weight in other organs tended to be less than in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight in residual carcass was not significantly greater in the animals of group III than in those of group II. Water levels were increased in all organs of rats in groups II and III. This evidence indicates that rats of group III may have lived longer after tumor implantation, lost no more carcass weight, and bore larger tumors because they had lost weight in the small bowel at a lesser rate than had the rats of group II.Further studies revealed that lipid shifts were in general less marked in organs which had lost the least weight. In animals bearing large tumors, percentage loss of neutral fat was less in most organs of the digestive tract than in the residual carcass. Increases in the levels of cholesterol and phospholipid were less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the digestive tract. Shifts in the amount of nonlipid dry weight and in levels of lipids and water were in general less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the body. In these respects, pyloric stomach and small bowel resembled brain, heart, and lung. It is suggested that resistance of pyloric stomach and small bowel to the cachectic influence of the tumor may be a factor determining tumor size and length of survival of the host.

LOSS OF WEIGHT AND LIPID SHIFTS IN ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS IN RELATION TO TUMOR SIZE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-681
Author(s):  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Audrey A. Deyette
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pyloric Stomach

The objective of this project was to find to what extent loss of weight in the digestive tract might affect tumor size and age in albino rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Wet weight, dry weight, and water content were measured upon tongue, esophagus, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and residual carcass (minus tumor). The animals bore tumors weighing 12 ± 6 (mean ± S.D.) % of host (minus tumor) weight after 18 ± 6 days of tumor growth (group I), 38 ± 12% after 24 ± 6 days (group II), and 93 ± 26% after 29 ± 5 days (group III) and controls were twins of the same sex. There were few significant changes in the animals of group I. In group II, there was loss of dry weight in all organs except pyloric stomach, losses being percentagewise the same as in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight of jejunum and ileum was less in rats of group III than in those of group II. In group III, loss of weight in other organs tended to be less than in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight in residual carcass was not significantly greater in the animals of group III than in those of group II. Water levels were increased in all organs of rats in groups II and III. This evidence indicates that rats of group III may have lived longer after tumor implantation, lost no more carcass weight, and bore larger tumors because they had lost weight in the small bowel at a lesser rate than had the rats of group II.Further studies revealed that lipid shifts were in general less marked in organs which had lost the least weight. In animals bearing large tumors, percentage loss of neutral fat was less in most organs of the digestive tract than in the residual carcass. Increases in the levels of cholesterol and phospholipid were less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the digestive tract. Shifts in the amount of nonlipid dry weight and in levels of lipids and water were in general less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the body. In these respects, pyloric stomach and small bowel resembled brain, heart, and lung. It is suggested that resistance of pyloric stomach and small bowel to the cachectic influence of the tumor may be a factor determining tumor size and length of survival of the host.

Microvascular pressures measured by micropipettes in isolated edematous rabbit lungs

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Raj ◽  
R. D. Bland ◽  
S. J. Lai-Fook
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

To study the mechanical effects of lung edema on the pulmonary circulation, we determined the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance in the arteries, veins, and microvessels, and the distribution of blood flow in isolated blood-perfused rabbit lungs with varying degrees of edema. Active vasomotor changes were eliminated by adding papaverine to the perfusate. In three groups of lungs with either minimal [group I, mean wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) = 5.3 +/- 0.6 (SD), n = 7], moderate (group II, W/D = 8.5 +/- 1.2, n = 10), or severe (group III, W/D = 9.9 +/- 1.6, n = 5) edema, we measured by direct micropuncture the pressure in subpleural arterioles and venules (20–60 micron diam) and in the interstitium surrounding these vessels. We also measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures and lung blood flow, and in four additional experiments we used radio-labeled microspheres to determine the distribution of blood flow during mild and severe pulmonary edema. In lungs with little or no edema (group I) we found that 33% of total vascular pressure drop was in arteries, 60% was in microvessels, and 7% was in veins. Moderate edema (group II) had no effect on total vascular resistance or on the vascular pressure profile, but severe edema (group III) did increase vascular resistance without changing the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance in the subpleural microcirculation. Perivascular interstitial pressure relative to pleural pressure increased from 1 cmH2O in group I to 2 in group II to 4 in group III lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Permeability edema in dog lung depleted of blood components

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hofman ◽  
I. C. Ehrhart
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

We perfused the isolated dog lung lobe with a 6% dextran (mol wt 60,000–90,000) balanced salt solution to determine the importance of blood components in lung fluid balance following injury with oleic acid (OA). The ventilated lower left lobe (LLL) was perfused at constant vascular pressure and weighed continuously as an index of transvascular fluid exchange. Each LLL was washed out with at least 600 ml of perfusate before recirculation started. All LLLs perfused with 6% dextran ion solution (group I) rapidly developed a permeability edema. The addition of 10% serum (vol/vol) from the lobedonor to the 6% dextran ion solution greatly improved LLL stability. One group of dextran-serum perfused LLLs (group II, n = 6, control) was infused with 2.0 ml normal saline; a second group (group III;n = 5) was given 45 microliters/kg body wt OA. Group II showed a linear rate of weight gain that averaged 7.9 g X h-1 X 100 g-1 over 3 h compared with an average rate of 249 g X h-1 X 100 g-1 in groupIII. In contrast to no change in group II, group III exhibited a decline in PO2 (P less than 0.05), andlobar compliance (P less than 0.05) and airway fluid was evident in all lobes by 0.5 h after infusion. The wet-to-dry weight ratio was higher in group III than group II. In the near absence of blood,massive edema developed rapidly following OA. Thus normal blood components, such as platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin do not appear to be essential mediators of OA-induced permeability edema. OA appearsto increase vascular permeability either by injuring the lung directly or by releasing mediators endogenous to lung tissue.

Albumin attenuation of oleic acid edema in dog lung depleted of blood components

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1949-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hofman ◽  
I. C. Ehrhart
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Albumin Solution ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Circulating fatty acids are normally transported principally bound to serum albumin. We examined whether administering oleic acid (OA) in a concentrated albumin solution would attenuate its edemogenic potential in the isolated dog lung lobe perfused with a solution nearly depleted of blood cellular and protein components. The isolated ventilated lower left lobe (LLL) was perfused (7.3 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X g LLL-1) with a balanced salt solution containing 6% dextran and approximately 10% serum (vol/vol). Hourly weight gain, net LLL weight gain, and wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) were used as indices of extravascular lung fluid changes. Group I lobes (n = 5) were given saline, whereas both group II (n = 5) and III (n = 5) lobes were administered 1 microliter OA/kg body wt. The OA was incubated with 5 ml of albumin solution containing approximately 640 mg of bovine fatty acid-free albumin before infusion into group III lobes. Group I gained weight at rate of 10.8 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 after saline, whereas group II exhibited a greater (P less than 0.005) rate of weight gain of 42 +/- 13 after OA. Group III weight gain of 8.4 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 was not different (P greater than 0.05) from group I but was lower (P less than 0.005) than group II.

scholarly journals Effect of egg mass of the white italian goose on fertilisation, loss of weight during the incubation period, hatchability and gosling quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Mitrovic ◽  
Cvijan Mekic ◽  
Milena Milojevic ◽  
Maja Radoicic Dimitrijevic ◽  
Vera Ðekic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Weight Groups

The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of egg mass and egg weight groups (group I eggs under 160 g, group II egg mass 160 g to 180 g and group III eggs over 180 g) on incubation results, loss of egg weight (moist) during incubation, gosling hatchability and the relative share of the gosling in the egg mass. Eggs with mass between 160 g and 180 g (group II) demonstrated the highest fertilisation rate (91.28 %) and the highest hatchability out of the number of incubated eggs (83.14 %), while the eggs from the group I (lighter than 160 g) showed the highest number of gosling hatchability out of the number of fertilised eggs (91.08 %). The lowest embryo mortality was that of the group I (5.17 % and 6.06 %), while the highest is reported for the group III (14.29 % and 16.67 %). The lowest relative loss of egg mass (moist) by day 25 of the incubation period was established for the group I eggs (10.98 %), and the highest for the group III (11.71 %), with a statistically significant (P Lass Than 0.01) difference of -0.73 %. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Gosling percentage in the egg mass was significantly higher (P Lass Than 0.001) in the group III of incubated eggs (67.81 %) than in the group II (66.61 %) and the group I (65.24 %).

scholarly journals Correlation of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor size of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Khizar Hayat ◽  
Omer Nasim ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Arsalan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shah Fahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Early diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) by imaging and biochemical tests would be valuable in controlling morbidity and mortality associated with this most common primary hepatic malignancy which is the third leading cause of global cancer-related deaths. Objective: To determine an association between the level of serum Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) and the size of the tumor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2018 till December 2019. Data were gathered from the medical records of Endoscopy Unit of Rehman Medical Institute. Patients were separated into three groups on the basis of serum AFP levels: Group I had standard levels of AFP (<20 IU/ml), Group II had moderately raised AFP (20-399 IU/ml), and Group III had significantly raised AFP (>400 IU/ml). Patients were also separated into three groups on the basis of tumor; in Group A tumor size was less than 3 cm, in Group B it was between 3 and 5 cm, and in Group C the size was greater than 5 cm. For categorical variables, the Chi-square and Z test for proportions were applied; the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum (Mann-Whitney) test was used to evaluate the variation in the two categories, and the Kruskal-Wallis Rank test was used to evaluate the difference between categories. A p value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Descriptive statistics were obtained by SPSS 24. Result: A total of 136 patients were evaluated according to AFP levels. The male to female ratio was 2.31:1. The mean presenting age was 59.36 ± 9.85 years while the mean tumor size was 6.93 ± 4.39 cm. Regarding AFP groups, there were 50(36.76%), in Group I, 31(22.79%) in Group II and 38(27.94%) in Group III. As per the Child Pugh classification, Class A, B and C were 69.85%, 16.18% and 0% respectively.Conclusion: Serum alpha fetoprotein was significantly associated with HCC tumor size. Alpha fetoprotein level can be a helpful marker to detect HCC and to differentiate between its initial and late stages. Monitoring AFP levels could be useful to diagnose recurring disease for patients with tumors that produce AFP.Keywords: Serum Alpha Fetoprotein; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Tumor size.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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