Albumin attenuation of oleic acid edema in dog lung depleted of blood components

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1949-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hofman ◽  
I. C. Ehrhart
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Albumin Solution ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Circulating fatty acids are normally transported principally bound to serum albumin. We examined whether administering oleic acid (OA) in a concentrated albumin solution would attenuate its edemogenic potential in the isolated dog lung lobe perfused with a solution nearly depleted of blood cellular and protein components. The isolated ventilated lower left lobe (LLL) was perfused (7.3 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X g LLL-1) with a balanced salt solution containing 6% dextran and approximately 10% serum (vol/vol). Hourly weight gain, net LLL weight gain, and wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) were used as indices of extravascular lung fluid changes. Group I lobes (n = 5) were given saline, whereas both group II (n = 5) and III (n = 5) lobes were administered 1 microliter OA/kg body wt. The OA was incubated with 5 ml of albumin solution containing approximately 640 mg of bovine fatty acid-free albumin before infusion into group III lobes. Group I gained weight at rate of 10.8 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 after saline, whereas group II exhibited a greater (P less than 0.005) rate of weight gain of 42 +/- 13 after OA. Group III weight gain of 8.4 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 was not different (P greater than 0.05) from group I but was lower (P less than 0.005) than group II.

Permeability edema in dog lung depleted of blood components

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hofman ◽  
I. C. Ehrhart
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

We perfused the isolated dog lung lobe with a 6% dextran (mol wt 60,000–90,000) balanced salt solution to determine the importance of blood components in lung fluid balance following injury with oleic acid (OA). The ventilated lower left lobe (LLL) was perfused at constant vascular pressure and weighed continuously as an index of transvascular fluid exchange. Each LLL was washed out with at least 600 ml of perfusate before recirculation started. All LLLs perfused with 6% dextran ion solution (group I) rapidly developed a permeability edema. The addition of 10% serum (vol/vol) from the lobedonor to the 6% dextran ion solution greatly improved LLL stability. One group of dextran-serum perfused LLLs (group II, n = 6, control) was infused with 2.0 ml normal saline; a second group (group III;n = 5) was given 45 microliters/kg body wt OA. Group II showed a linear rate of weight gain that averaged 7.9 g X h-1 X 100 g-1 over 3 h compared with an average rate of 249 g X h-1 X 100 g-1 in groupIII. In contrast to no change in group II, group III exhibited a decline in PO2 (P less than 0.05), andlobar compliance (P less than 0.05) and airway fluid was evident in all lobes by 0.5 h after infusion. The wet-to-dry weight ratio was higher in group III than group II. In the near absence of blood,massive edema developed rapidly following OA. Thus normal blood components, such as platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin do not appear to be essential mediators of OA-induced permeability edema. OA appearsto increase vascular permeability either by injuring the lung directly or by releasing mediators endogenous to lung tissue.

Microvascular pressures measured by micropipettes in isolated edematous rabbit lungs

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Raj ◽  
R. D. Bland ◽  
S. J. Lai-Fook
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

To study the mechanical effects of lung edema on the pulmonary circulation, we determined the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance in the arteries, veins, and microvessels, and the distribution of blood flow in isolated blood-perfused rabbit lungs with varying degrees of edema. Active vasomotor changes were eliminated by adding papaverine to the perfusate. In three groups of lungs with either minimal [group I, mean wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) = 5.3 +/- 0.6 (SD), n = 7], moderate (group II, W/D = 8.5 +/- 1.2, n = 10), or severe (group III, W/D = 9.9 +/- 1.6, n = 5) edema, we measured by direct micropuncture the pressure in subpleural arterioles and venules (20–60 micron diam) and in the interstitium surrounding these vessels. We also measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures and lung blood flow, and in four additional experiments we used radio-labeled microspheres to determine the distribution of blood flow during mild and severe pulmonary edema. In lungs with little or no edema (group I) we found that 33% of total vascular pressure drop was in arteries, 60% was in microvessels, and 7% was in veins. Moderate edema (group II) had no effect on total vascular resistance or on the vascular pressure profile, but severe edema (group III) did increase vascular resistance without changing the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance in the subpleural microcirculation. Perivascular interstitial pressure relative to pleural pressure increased from 1 cmH2O in group I to 2 in group II to 4 in group III lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

LOSS OF WEIGHT AND LIPID SHIFTS IN ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS IN RELATION TO TUMOR SIZE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-681
Author(s):  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Audrey A. Deyette
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pyloric Stomach

The objective of this project was to find to what extent loss of weight in the digestive tract might affect tumor size and age in albino rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Wet weight, dry weight, and water content were measured upon tongue, esophagus, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and residual carcass (minus tumor). The animals bore tumors weighing 12 ± 6 (mean ± S.D.) % of host (minus tumor) weight after 18 ± 6 days of tumor growth (group I), 38 ± 12% after 24 ± 6 days (group II), and 93 ± 26% after 29 ± 5 days (group III) and controls were twins of the same sex. There were few significant changes in the animals of group I. In group II, there was loss of dry weight in all organs except pyloric stomach, losses being percentagewise the same as in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight of jejunum and ileum was less in rats of group III than in those of group II. In group III, loss of weight in other organs tended to be less than in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight in residual carcass was not significantly greater in the animals of group III than in those of group II. Water levels were increased in all organs of rats in groups II and III. This evidence indicates that rats of group III may have lived longer after tumor implantation, lost no more carcass weight, and bore larger tumors because they had lost weight in the small bowel at a lesser rate than had the rats of group II.Further studies revealed that lipid shifts were in general less marked in organs which had lost the least weight. In animals bearing large tumors, percentage loss of neutral fat was less in most organs of the digestive tract than in the residual carcass. Increases in the levels of cholesterol and phospholipid were less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the digestive tract. Shifts in the amount of nonlipid dry weight and in levels of lipids and water were in general less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the body. In these respects, pyloric stomach and small bowel resembled brain, heart, and lung. It is suggested that resistance of pyloric stomach and small bowel to the cachectic influence of the tumor may be a factor determining tumor size and length of survival of the host.

LOSS OF WEIGHT AND LIPID SHIFTS IN ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF TUMOR-BEARING RATS IN RELATION TO TUMOR SIZE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-681
Author(s):  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Audrey A. Deyette
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pyloric Stomach

The objective of this project was to find to what extent loss of weight in the digestive tract might affect tumor size and age in albino rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Wet weight, dry weight, and water content were measured upon tongue, esophagus, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and residual carcass (minus tumor). The animals bore tumors weighing 12 ± 6 (mean ± S.D.) % of host (minus tumor) weight after 18 ± 6 days of tumor growth (group I), 38 ± 12% after 24 ± 6 days (group II), and 93 ± 26% after 29 ± 5 days (group III) and controls were twins of the same sex. There were few significant changes in the animals of group I. In group II, there was loss of dry weight in all organs except pyloric stomach, losses being percentagewise the same as in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight of jejunum and ileum was less in rats of group III than in those of group II. In group III, loss of weight in other organs tended to be less than in residual carcass. Loss of dry weight in residual carcass was not significantly greater in the animals of group III than in those of group II. Water levels were increased in all organs of rats in groups II and III. This evidence indicates that rats of group III may have lived longer after tumor implantation, lost no more carcass weight, and bore larger tumors because they had lost weight in the small bowel at a lesser rate than had the rats of group II.Further studies revealed that lipid shifts were in general less marked in organs which had lost the least weight. In animals bearing large tumors, percentage loss of neutral fat was less in most organs of the digestive tract than in the residual carcass. Increases in the levels of cholesterol and phospholipid were less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the digestive tract. Shifts in the amount of nonlipid dry weight and in levels of lipids and water were in general less in pyloric stomach and small bowel than in other organs of the body. In these respects, pyloric stomach and small bowel resembled brain, heart, and lung. It is suggested that resistance of pyloric stomach and small bowel to the cachectic influence of the tumor may be a factor determining tumor size and length of survival of the host.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Zornia glochidiata (shelini) Meal in Replacement of Wheat Bran on Lamb Performance and Feeding Cost Decreasing

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Idris Idris Adam ◽  
Saed Kiir Mohamed Tagi ◽  
Mohamed Abdalla Suleiman Eshag ◽  
Hammad Dahia Salah Basar ◽  
Jadalla Jumaa Barram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Cost

This trial was aimed to study the effects of replacing wheat bran with different levels of Zornia glochidiata meal on feed intake, general performance of Desert lambs and feeding cost decreasing. Twelve lambs of four months old and weighing 19.500 kg +500g were divided into three groups each with four animals. Feed intake and body weight change were monitored every ten days up to fifty days. The data were statistically analyzed via analysis of variance and the differences among means were detected least significance (LSD) test. The results indicated that voluntary dry matter intake significantly (P<0.05) increased in the group that consumed a ration with 26% Zornia glochidiata meal (II) followed by those were on a ration with wheat bran only (I) and lastly that had a ration with 42% Z. glochidiata (III). Feed intake was 1090, 970 and 910 for group II, I and III, respectively. Similarly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II, (6.1kg/50 days) followed by group I (4.9 kg/50 days) and group III with 4.3 kg/50 days. The daily weight gain was 98, 122, 89 g when the lambs consumed rations with 0.00, 26 and 42 % of Z. glochidiata meal, respectively. The cost of kilogram of the first ration was 6.8 SDG when only wheat bran was used, and it decreased to 5.7 SDG when 26% wheat was replaced by Z. glochidiata meal and when Z. glochidiata meal was increased to 41% the cost was further decreased to 5 SDG.

scholarly journals Effects of short term clinoptilolite supplementation on weight gain in Holstein calves

2017 ◽  
pp. 5631-5637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Alic Ural ◽  
Kerem Ural
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine whether short term supplemantation at two levels (1 or 2 g/kg) of clinoptilolite (CLNP) in the colostrum of dairy calves had any effect on total weight gain (TWG) and mean daily gain of weight (mdwg). Materials and methods. A total of 24 clinically healthy calves without diarrhea were assigned in a subset of three major groups of calves were studied: group I (n=8) received colostrum with clnp at the rate of 1/kg started immediately following calving at 12 and 24 hours, for a total of 2 doses. Group II consisted of calves (n=8) receiving colostrum with clnp at the rate of 2/kg within the same interval as the first experimental group. The last group III, which served as control, received solely colostrum. Results. Group had significant effect on weight (kg) of Holstein calves [twg (mean±SE)- control: 12.66±0.349, group I: 14.73±0.414, group II: 14.19±0.468, p<0.01; mdwg (mean±SE)-control: 0.338±0.0155, group I: 0.396±0.0189, group II: 0.397±0.0196, p<0.05]. There was a significant difference observed for twg (p<0.01) and mdwg (p<0.05) among control group and both clnp treatment groups. Conclusions. The results showed that the addition of both levels of clinoptilolite administration via colostrum appeared to enhance twg and mdwg in newborn calves without having any observable adverse effect.

scholarly journals Influence of the colon in liver regeneration of rats submitted to hepatectomy and colectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
Marília Carvalho Moreira ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
Cláudia Nunes Oliveira ◽  
Aldo da Cunha Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate whether colectomy, associated with 70% hepatectomy, influences liver regeneration in rats. Methods: we distributed 18 Wistar rats in three groups of six animals each. In group I (sham), we performed laparotomy; In group II, colectomy + 70% hepatectomy; In group III, only 70% hepatectomy. On the 6th postoperative day, we collected blood by cardiac puncture under anesthesia, followed by euthanasia. We performed serum dosages of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin and alkaline phosphatase (AF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α). We calculated liver regeneration by the formula: liver weight ratio per 100g body weight at the time of euthanasia / liver weight preoperatively projected for 100g body weight × 100. Results: ALT and AST levels were significantly lower in group II when compared with group III (p<0.001). Albuminemia showed significantly higher levels in group II. Levels of HGF and TGF-α in group II were significantly higher than in group III. The percentage of hepatic regeneration was significantly higher in group II than in group III. Conclusion: Colectomy performed simultaneously with 70% hepatectomy had a positive influence on liver regeneration in rats. Further research is needed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of this effect and to characterize the colon influence in liver physiology.

Pulmonary artery occlusion is sufficient to increase pulmonary vascular permeability in rabbits

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bishop ◽  
W. Lamm ◽  
S. M. Guidotti ◽  
R. K. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Hydrostatic Stress ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Permeability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Unilateral pulmonary artery obstruction (PAO) for 24–48 h, followed by reperfusion, results in pulmonary edema and lung inflammation. We hypothesized that lung injury actually occurred during the period of PAO but, because of low microvascular pressures during the period of occlusion, was not detected until perfusion was reestablished. To test this hypothesis, we studied 14 rabbits divided into three groups: group I rabbits underwent sham occlusion of the left pulmonary artery for 24 h; group II rabbits underwent PAO but were not reperfused; and group III rabbits were subjected to PAO and then reperfused for 4 h. The fluid filtration coefficient measured during a zone 3 no-flow hydrostatic stress (pulmonary arterial pressure = pulmonary venous pressure, both greater than alveolar pressure) in group I lungs was less than that of lungs in either group II or III [0.52 +/- 0.02 (SE) ml.min-1.cmH2O.100 g wet wt-1 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.11 and 0.86 +/- 0.13 for groups II and III, respectively, P less than 0.05]. The wet-to-dry weight ratio of the left lung measured after the zone 3 stress was applied for 20 min was 6.90 +/- 0.09 in group I rabbits and 9.21 +/- 0.75 and 11.75 +/- 0.44 in groups II and III, respectively (P less than 0.05). Radiolabeled microspheres demonstrated that flow to the left lung was diminished after the period of PAO (38 +/- 4, 9 +/- 5, and 2 +/- 1% of cardiac output in groups I, II, and III, respectively; P less than 0.05 for group I vs. groups II and III).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document