STEADY STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE HYPOTHYROID DIABETIC RAT: A ROLE FOR THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2in the hypothyroid diabetic rat was maintained for extended periods of time following a single intraperitoneal injection of glucose-1-C14or glucose-6-C14. Rates of oxidation of the labelled sugars were measured during the steady state.Glucose oxidation by way of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the hypothyroid diabetic rat paralleled the decrease in expired CO2but glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway was completely suppressed.It is suggested that the observed inhibitory effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway is due to the maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form as the result of goitrogen inhibition of steroid-catalyzed transhydrogenation.The results suggest that steroid concentration may be a critical factor in regulation of glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

STEADY STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE HYPOTHYROID DIABETIC RAT: A ROLE FOR THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2in the hypothyroid diabetic rat was maintained for extended periods of time following a single intraperitoneal injection of glucose-1-C14or glucose-6-C14. Rates of oxidation of the labelled sugars were measured during the steady state.Glucose oxidation by way of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the hypothyroid diabetic rat paralleled the decrease in expired CO2but glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway was completely suppressed.It is suggested that the observed inhibitory effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway is due to the maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form as the result of goitrogen inhibition of steroid-catalyzed transhydrogenation.The results suggest that steroid concentration may be a critical factor in regulation of glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

STEADY-STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN HYPERTHYROID AND HYPOTHYROID RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Primary Action

The single intraperitoneal injection of a labelled glucose load has been shown to maintain a steady state with respect to the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2for extended periods of time in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Measurements were made of rates of oxidation of glucose-1-C14and glucose-6-C14during the steady state.The results indicate that glucose oxidation by way of the glycolytic pathway is markedly elevated in the hyperthyroid rat and parallels the increased rate of CO2expiration. Glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway is completely suppressed. This effect is considered to be due to the preferential maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form.In the hypothyroid rat a decreased rate of glucose oxidation by way of both oxidative pathways parallels the decreased rate of CO2production.The results support the view that the primary action of thyroxine is on oxidative activity. The observed effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway appears to be secondary.

Glucose utilization by sheep embryos derived in vivo and in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Thompson ◽  
AC Simpson ◽  
PA Pugh ◽  
RW Wright ◽  
HR Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Embryos were collected from superovulated donors at various intervals from onset of oestrus, ranging from Day 1.5 to Day 6. In addition, blastocysts obtained from the culture of 1-cell embryos collected in vivo or of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro were used to assess the effects of in vitro manipulation and culture on glucose utilization. Glycolytic activity was determined by the conversion of [5-3H]glucose to 3H2O, and oxidation of glucose was determined by the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2. Glucose utilization increases significantly from the 8-cell stage and during compaction and blastulation. Glucose oxidation was at a relatively low level (5-12% of total utilization) compared with glycolysis. No difference was observed between the glycolytic activity of blastocysts derived from in vivo or in vitro sources. However, glucose oxidation was lower (P less than 0.05) in blastocysts derived from the culture of 1-cell embryos or from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Exogenous tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates (i.e. pyruvate and lactate supplied in the medium) affected the level of glucose oxidation.

STEADY-STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE DIABETIC RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

The single intraperitoneal injection of a labelled glucose load has been shown to maintain the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2 at constant levels for extended periods of time. These plateaus have been established in both the fed control and the fed diabetic rat. The results have been interpreted as indicating the existence of a steady state in the labelled system under study.Measurements have been made of rates of oxidation of glucose-1-C14 and giucose-6-C14 in diabetic and control rats during this steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2. The results indicate no reduction either for the glycolytic or for the phosphogluconate pathway in the diabetic. No change in the ratio between the oxidative rates for the two pathways has been found.

Glucose oxidation in the alloxan-diabetic rat

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Intracellular Regulation ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Rates of turnover, excretion, and oxidation of glucose have been measured in alloxan-diabetic rats and compared to values obtained in normal rats under similar conditions. Alloxan-diabetic rats showed almost normal rates of glucose uptake (turnover rate-excretion rate) but at levels of plasma glucose approximately 3.4 times normal. Under these conditions the ratio of oxidation rate to uptake rate of glucose in alloxan-diabetic rats was very close to that measured in normal animals, thus indicating that lowered availability of insulin does not modify the pattern of intracellular regulation of glucose oxidation which in the normal animal is a function of the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.

METABOLIC DEVELOPMENT AND SECONDARY BIOSYNTHESIS IN PENICILLIUM URTICAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Bu"Lock ◽  
Diana Hamilton ◽  
M. A. Hulme ◽  
A. J. Powell ◽  
H. M. Smalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Methyl Salicylic Acid

In cultures of Penicillium urticae Bainier, two successive physiological phases are distinguished. In the first, or trophophase, mycelial N, P, RNA, and —SH and the utilization of acetate for synthesis reach maximum values while glucose oxidation, mainly by the hexose monophosphate pathway, is most rapid. In the second, or idiophase, assimilation of N and P is reduced, RNA and —SH levels are lower, glucose is oxidized more slowly and mainly by glycolysis, fatty acids or mannitol accumulate, and special phenolic metabolites derived from 6-methyl-salicylic acid appear. The phase transition occurs sharply, with a minimum of respiratory activity and of acetate utilization; thereafter the pattern of secondary metabolism is established in a stepwise manner. The observations are interpreted in terms of sequential enzyme induction initiated by metabolic dislocation, and the generalized applications of such an hypothesis are considered.

STEADY-STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE DIABETIC RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

The single intraperitoneal injection of a labelled glucose load has been shown to maintain the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2 at constant levels for extended periods of time. These plateaus have been established in both the fed control and the fed diabetic rat. The results have been interpreted as indicating the existence of a steady state in the labelled system under study.Measurements have been made of rates of oxidation of glucose-1-C14 and giucose-6-C14 in diabetic and control rats during this steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2. The results indicate no reduction either for the glycolytic or for the phosphogluconate pathway in the diabetic. No change in the ratio between the oxidative rates for the two pathways has been found.

scholarly journals LIPOGENESIS AND GLUCOSE OXIDATION IN THE LIVER OF THE ALLOXAN-DIABETIC RAT

1950 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Chernick ◽  
I.L. Chaikoff ◽  
E.J. Masoro ◽  
Eugenia. Isaeff
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Diabetic Rat

scholarly journals Effect of dithiocyano-methane on hexose monophosphate pathway in the respiratory metabolism of Escherichia coli

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Wenjie Ke ◽  
Huabin Qin ◽  
Siwei Chen ◽  
Limei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Glucose Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Pathway ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract This paper studied the inhibitory effects of dithiocyano-methane (DM) on the glucose decomposition pathway in the respiratory metabolism of Escherichia coli. We investigated the effects of DM on the activities of key enzymes (ATPase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH), the levels of key product (nicotinamide adenosine denucleotide hydro-phosphoric acid, NADPH), and gene expression in the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of DM against the tested strains were 5.86 mg/L and 11.72 mg/L, respectively. Bacteria exposed to DM at MIC demonstrated an increase in bacterial ATPase and G6PDH activities, NADPH levels, and gene expression in the HMP pathway compared to bacteria in the control group, which could be interpreted as a behavioral response to stress introduced by DM. However, DM at a lethal concentration of 10 × MIC affected glucose decomposition by inhibiting mainly the HMP pathway in E. coli.

scholarly journals Catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles deposited on N-doped carbon-based supports in oxidation of glucose and arabinose mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Franz ◽  
Nataliya D. Shcherban ◽  
Igor Bezverkhyy ◽  
Sergii A. Sergiienko ◽  
Irina L. Simakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Mesoporous Structures ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractOxidation of a mixture of glucose and arabinose over Au particles deposited on porous carbons, N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides was investigated at 70 °C, under constant pH of 8, and oxygen partial pressure 0.125 atm. In particular, Au deposited on nitrogen-containing carbon-based mesoporous structures demonstrated activity in the oxidation of the sugars to the corresponding aldonic acids higher than gold deposited on undoped carbon supports (conversion of glucose up to ca. 60%, arabinose–ca. 30% after 200 min). The results can be explained by the basic nature of the supports leading to an increase in the polarity of the carbon surface and the oxygen activation. Glucuronic acid (with selectivity ca. 10–93.5%) together with gluconic acid was formed as a result of glucose oxidation, while arabinose was selectively oxidized to arabinonic acid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document