scholarly journals Polar effects at solid/liquid interfaces

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Lowe ◽  
A. C. Riddiford
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Advancing Contact Angle ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid

Studies of the advancing contact angle of water upon several alkylchlorosilaned glass surfaces at 22 °C lead to the view that, at zero or very low interfacial velocities, the free energy per unit area of the solid/liquid interface is governed by both dispersive and polar forces. At higher velocities, the polar forces may be neglected.

scholarly journals Shining light on the solid–liquid interface: in situ/operando monitoring of surface catalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5362-5385
Author(s):  
Leila Negahdar ◽  
Christopher M. A. Parlett ◽  
Mark A. Isaacs ◽  
Andrew M. Beale ◽  
Karen Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Surface Catalysis ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Insight Into

Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants. In situ and operando spectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.

Dependence of the Contact Angle on Adsorption at the Solid-Liquid Interface

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A method for determining the surface tension of solid-fluid interfaces has been proposed. For a given temperature and fluid-solid combination, these surface tensions are expressed in terms of material properties that can be determined by measuring the amount of vapor adsorbed on the solid surface as a function of xV, the ratio of the vapor-phase pressure to the saturation-vapor pressure. The thermodynamic concept of pressure is shown to be in conflict with that of continuum mechanics, but is supported experimentally. This approach leads to the prediction that the contact angle, θ, can only exist in a narrow pressure range and that in this pressure range, the solid-vapor surface tension is constant and equal to the surface tension of the liquid-vapor interface, γLV. The surface tension of the solid-liquid interface, γSL, may be expressed in terms of measurable properties, γLV and θ: γSL = γLV(1 − cosθ). The value of θ is predicted to depend on both the pressure in the liquid at the three-phase, line x3L, and the three-phase line curvature, Ccl. We examine these predictions using sessile water droplets on a polished Cu surface, maintained in a closed, constant volume, isothermal container. The value of θ is found to depend on the adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, nSL = nSL(x3L,Ccl). The predicted value of θ is compared with that measured, and found to be in close agreement, but no effect of line tension is found.

scholarly journals Solid-liquid interface free energy through metadynamics simulations

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Angioletti-Uberti ◽  
Michele Ceriotti ◽  
Peter D. Lee ◽  
Mike W. Finnis
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Interface Free Energy ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Adsorption of azacrown ethers at solid–liquid interface. Contact angle and neutron reflectivity study

2009 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Wojciechowski ◽  
Anna Brzozowska ◽  
Sebastien Cap ◽  
Witold Rzodkiewicz ◽  
Thomas Gutberlet
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Interface Contact ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Single‐Molecule Measurement of Adsorption Free Energy at the Solid–Liquid Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (41) ◽  
pp. 14676-14680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhan ◽  
Gan Wang ◽  
Xia‐Guang Zhang ◽  
Zhi‐Hao Li ◽  
Jun‐Ying Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Adsorption Free Energy ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Quantification of order in the liquid at a solid-liquid interface by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
J. M. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A number of different theoretical approaches have been used to model the atomic structure and properties of solid-liquid interfaces. Most calculations indicate that ordering occurs in the first several layers of the liquid, adjacent to the crystal surface. In contrast to the numerous theoretical investigations, there have been no direct experimental observations of the atomic structure of a solid-liquid interface for comparison. Saka et al. examined solid-liquid interfaces in In and In-Sb at lattice-fringe resolution in the TEM, but their data do not reveal information about the atomic structure of the liquid phase. The purpose of this study is to determine the atomic structure of a solid-liquid interface using a highly viscous supercooled liquid, i.e., a crystal-amorphous interface.

The development of preferred orientations during the freezing of metals and alloys

1962 ◽  
Vol 269 (1339) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Platelet Structure

Previous work with columnar castings of lead has shown that there exists a connexion between the solidification texture and the morphologies of the decanted freezing interfaces. This has been explained in terms of crystal growth from the melt by the extension of relatively large (one micron) steps or platelets which are visible on many decanted interfaces. The present work consists of an examination of preferred orientations and interface morphologies in castings of lead and of metals having structures other than face-centred cubic. Metal castings have been prepared in which the orientations of columnar grains could be correlated directly with the morphologies of the corresponding decanted solid/liquid interfaces. Experiments have been carried out with lead, zinc, magnesium, tin, bismuth and a β-brass alloy, and except in the last case, the morphologies of the freezing interfaces were controlled by varying the purities of the metals for given conditions of casting. Except in the case of tin the preferred orientations are determined by the morphologies of the freezing interfaces. The results can be satisfactorily explained if the mechanism of crystal growth is one of edgewise extension of closely packed planes in directions lying close to the plane of the actual solid/liquid interface. The origin of the platelet structure on decanted interfaces is discussed, and the appearances of decanted interfaces are compared with structures visible on the free surfaces of rapidly frozen metal sheets. It is suggested that there may be some connection between the platelet formation on decanted interfaces and those seen on the solid/gaseous interfaces, and that the existence of a residual liquid layer over the freshly decanted surfaces might give rise to a structure which is not typical of the original solid/liquid interface. The thickness of this residual liquid film is ~20 μm, but under the conditions of these experiments the liquid freezes in less time than is. required for the nucleation of new grain structures or even of eutectic lamellae. It is concluded that decanted surfaces are probably an approximate representation of the true solid/liquid interfaces, but that it is uncertain how far this is true of the platelet structure.

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