Molar volumes and refractivities of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pacák ◽  
Zdenĕk Kodejš
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Lorenz Equation ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Concentration Dependences

Densities and refractive indices of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide have been measured at 333.2 K in the composition range from xs = 0.01 up to saturated solutions. Molar volumes and apparent molar volumes have been calculated from density measurements and their concentration dependences are discussed. All the systems are volumetrically non-ideal and exhibit negative deviations from additivity. The molar refractivities were calculated from the refractive indices using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The refractivity values of individual ions were estimated in infinitely dilute solutions and were used for discussion of ion–solvent interactions.

scholarly journals Density and Viscosity of LiCl, LiBr, LiI and Kcl in Aqueous Methanol at 313.15K

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090
Author(s):  
V. V. Kadam ◽  
A. B. Nikumbh ◽  
T. B. Pawar ◽  
V. A. Adole
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Strong Electrolyte ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Viscosity Coefficients ◽  
Physicochemical Processes ◽  
Increase With Increase

The densities and viscosities of electrolytes are essential to understand many physicochemical processes that are taking place in the solution. In the present research, the densities and viscosities of lithium halides, LiX (X = Cl, Br, I ) and KCl in (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100) mass % of methanol + water at 313.15K were calculated employing experimental densities (ρ), the apparent molar volumes( ϕv) and limiting apparent molar volumes (0v) of the electrolytes. The (0v) of electrolyte offer insights into solute-solution interactions. In terms of the Jones-Dole equation for strong electrolyte solution, the experimental data of viscosity were explored. Viscosity coefficients A and B have been interpreted and discussed. The B-coefficient values in these systems increase with increase of methanol in the solvents mixtures. This implied that when the dielectric constant of the solvent decreases, so do the solvent-solvent interactions in these systems.

scholarly journals Study of the Influence of Alkyl Chain Cation-Solvent Interactions on Water Structure in 1,3-Butanediol-Water Mixture by Apparent Molar Volume Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pathak ◽  
Indu Saxena ◽  
Archna ◽  
Anoop Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Molar Volume ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Magnetic Float

The densities of 1,3-butanediol-water mixtures and some tetraalkylammonium iodide salt solutions in these solvent mixtures at different concentrations (0.02 M-0.14 M) have been determined at 298.15 K using magnetic float densitometer technique. Then apparent molar volumes ΦVof the electrolytes in above solvent mixtures were calculated. The apparent molar volumes of transfer ∆ΦV° (tr) were also calculated and the ion-ion / ion- solvent interactions are then discussed on the basis of changes in the Masson's slope and apparent molar volumes of transfer data.

Molar Refractivities of Solutions of the Eutectic Silver Nitrate-Thalium Nitrate Mixture in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Hana Špalková ◽  
Guiseppe A. Sacchetto
Keyword(s):  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Molten Electrolyte ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Molecular Solvents ◽  
Nitrate Mixture ◽  
The Ideal

Refractive indices of the (Ag0.516, Tl0.484)NO3-H2O and (Ag0.516, Tl0.484)NO3-DMSO solutions have been measured at 90 °C over the whole composition range extending from the molecular solvents to the molten electrolyte. The molar refractivities of the melts were calculated from the refractive indices and a set of density values interpolated at the same temperature. Both systems were found to exhibit deviations from the ideal additive behaviour. The molar refractivities of the electrolyte (eutectic mixture AgNO3-TlNO3) and the solvent were calculated and their composition dependence and the deviations from the additivity are compared and discussed. The molar refractivity was found to be a complex, a less indicative, and a less sensitive indicator of the types and strength of ion-solvent interactions in these melts than the molar volume.

scholarly journals Revealing the Toxicity of Chlorate Through the Analysis of Molecular Interaction using Viscosity Measurements and Apparent Molar Volumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1343
Author(s):  
Meenakshi V. Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Ionic Solids ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Ionic Solid ◽  
Viscometric Study

While chlorate has the ability to induce flowering in longan, it also has adverse impacts on the crop. Revealing the toxicity of chlorate in the environment is more than just about the environment and about human health, as well.Because of the large introduction of this chemical into the environment from the paper processing industry, there is indeed a lot of concern about its toxicity. Chlorate toxicology in the longan plant has been thoroughly investigated in solutions using viscosities and apparent molar volumes. The hydration of molecules and volume changes are involved in various chemical and biological processes in plant tissues, and their complete understanding demands a good idea for volumetric and viscometric study. It offers good data acquisition techniques for solute, solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. Multi-component systems containing KClO3+ water + ionic solid (ionic solids = KCl, KNO3 ,NH4NO3 and KH2PO4, are currently being worked out to study the dependence of transport properties of potassium chlorate in aqueous electrolyte solutions, with concentrations and temperature of solutions. The assessed kd values are used to predict whether the solvolysis of KClO3 in the presence of other electrolytes is a quick or slow process.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Solvation Behaviour of Oxidising Agents Like Kclo3, Kbro3 and KIO3 in Aqueous Solvent Systems at Different Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Virendra Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Constant Diffusion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Ubbelohde Viscometer

The investigation of the solvationtrend of oxidizing agents like KClO3, KBrO3 and KIO3as electrolytes in aqueous salt solution rendersthe datasuited to interpret ion–ion, solute–solvent, ion-solvent and solvent–solvent interactions and synergy. Apparent molar volumes (∅_V) and viscosity B-coefficients for KClO3, KBrO3 and KIO3solutions in aqueous 0.5 % KCl ,system have been calculated from density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements at 298.15 to 313.15 K using a calibrated bicapillary pycnometer and the simple, yet accurate apparatus known as Ubbelohde viscometer respectively. Jones-Dole equation,Masson’s equation, Roots equation and Moulik’s equations are implemented to analyse various interactions inter and intra ionic attractions among the ion–ion, ion–solvent, and solute–solvent. Additionallythe apparent molar volumes of transfer Δ ∅(tr) and Rate constant diffusion controlled reaction (kd)are valuated.

scholarly journals Volumetric, viscometric and refractive index behavior of amino acids in aqueous glycerol at different temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
F. Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
B Coefficients

Densities, ?, viscosities, ? and refractive indices, n D, of solutions of some amino acids (glycine, DL-alanine, DL-? -amino- n-butyric acid, L-valine and L-leucine) in the concentration range 0.02 to 0.10 m in 5 % (v/v) aqueous glycerol were determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. These experimental data were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes, ? v, the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, ? v 0, the partial molar volumes of transfer, ? v 0 (tr), of the amino acids from aqueous to aqueous glycerol solution, as well as the viscosity A and B coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation of the amino acids. The free energies of activation of viscous flow, ??1 0# and ?? 2 0# per mole of solvent and solute, respectively, were obtained by application of the transition-state theory to the B coefficient data and the corresponding activation enthalpy, ?H*, and entropy, ?S*, were also determined. The ? v 0, B coefficients and ?? 2 0# were found to vary linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of the amino acids, and they were split into contributions from the zwitterionic end groups (NH3 +, COO-) and methylene (CH2) groups of the amino acids. The experimental values of the refractive indices, n D, were used to calculate the molar refractive indices, R D, of the amino acids + aqueous glycerol ternary mixtures. The results were interpreted in the light of the solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in the mixed solvents.

Apparent molar volumes for dilute solutions of NaClO4 and [Co(en)3] (ClO4)3 in D2O and H2O at 278-318 K

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Bottomley ◽  
LG Glossop
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Molar Volumes

Apparent molar volumes for dilute solutions of NaClO4 and [Co(en)3] (ClO4)3 in D2O and H2O were measured by using a dilatometry technique at 278, 298 and 318 K. Comparison of limiting slopes with the Debye-Huckel predictions from the dielectric constant and compressibility of H2O and D2O is complicated by ion pairing. The apparent molar volumes for NaClO4 were less in D2O than in H2O. The complex [Co(en)3] (ClO4)3 when studied in D2O had its amine protons exchanged by deuterium; this did not allow a direct comparison of the apparent molar volumes of the protonated complex in each solvent system, but revealed a large isotope effect. The apparent molar volumes of the [Co(en)3] (ClO4)3 showed a much larger temperature dependence than that of NaClO4.

The trifluoroacetic acid solvent system. Part VI. Density measurements

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Equivalent Conductivity ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
System Part ◽  
Triple Ions

The densities of solutions of several 1:1 trifluoroacetate electrolytes have been measured in 100% trifluoroacetic acid (HOTFA) and apparent molar volumes for their ion pairs have been determined. The density measurements coupled with limiting equivalent conductivities and dissociation constants, calculated by means of the Fuoss–Hsia equation, permit a more precise treatment of the conductivities of solutions at concentrations where the equivalent conductivity minimum occurs. The existence of triple ions in this solvent is not required to account for the conductivity minimum.

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