Molar Refractivities of Solutions of the Eutectic Silver Nitrate-Thalium Nitrate Mixture in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Hana Špalková ◽  
Guiseppe A. Sacchetto
Keyword(s):  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Molten Electrolyte ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Molecular Solvents ◽  
Nitrate Mixture ◽  
The Ideal

Refractive indices of the (Ag0.516, Tl0.484)NO3-H2O and (Ag0.516, Tl0.484)NO3-DMSO solutions have been measured at 90 °C over the whole composition range extending from the molecular solvents to the molten electrolyte. The molar refractivities of the melts were calculated from the refractive indices and a set of density values interpolated at the same temperature. Both systems were found to exhibit deviations from the ideal additive behaviour. The molar refractivities of the electrolyte (eutectic mixture AgNO3-TlNO3) and the solvent were calculated and their composition dependence and the deviations from the additivity are compared and discussed. The molar refractivity was found to be a complex, a less indicative, and a less sensitive indicator of the types and strength of ion-solvent interactions in these melts than the molar volume.

Molar volumes and refractivities of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pacák ◽  
Zdenĕk Kodejš
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Lorenz Equation ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Concentration Dependences

Densities and refractive indices of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide have been measured at 333.2 K in the composition range from xs = 0.01 up to saturated solutions. Molar volumes and apparent molar volumes have been calculated from density measurements and their concentration dependences are discussed. All the systems are volumetrically non-ideal and exhibit negative deviations from additivity. The molar refractivities were calculated from the refractive indices using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The refractivity values of individual ions were estimated in infinitely dilute solutions and were used for discussion of ion–solvent interactions.

scholarly journals Study of Refractive Indices and Its Theories for Mixtures of N, N-Diethylethanamine and Acetates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
P. Tyagi ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
M. Rani ◽  
N. Sabharwal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Propyl Acetate ◽  
Empirical Correlations

This paper reports the refractive indices ( ) of N,N-diethylethanamine + methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and pentyl acetate at 298.15 K and at different composition range. The various empirical correlations like Arago-Biot (AB), Gladstone-Dale (GD), Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L) Heller (H), Weiner (W), Newton (Nw) and Erying-John (E-J) were applied to experimental data for estimating theoretical value of refractive indices. For an equimolar mixture, the predicted deviation in refractive index values is consistent well with the experimental data. It has been found that the interactions between amine and different esters decrease when carbon chain length in ester increases. Also refractive indices are affected with change in temperature. To evaluate the standard deviation, RK polynomial equation was fitted to the measured refractive indices data.

Manganese-bearing silicate minerals from metamorphosed manganese formations of India. I. Juddite

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (290) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Partial Miscibility ◽  
Plane Normal

SummaryThe manganiferous amphibole juddite has been reported by a number of workers from metamorphosed manganese formations of India. The mineral is developed at the contact of pegmatite and gondite, and associated characteristically with blanfordite (manganoan aegirine-augite) and winchite (manganoan richterite-tremolite). The range of the refractive indices of the mineral and the orientation of the optic axial plane normal to (010) suggest the mineral to be of magnesioriebeckite composition. The 100 Mn2+:(Mn2++Mg+Fe2+) and 100 Fe3+:(Fe3++Alvi+Ti) ratios plotted in the glaucophane-magnesioriebeckite diagram show that eight out of nine analyses (eight new) are grouped under magnesioriebeckite composition range. It may thus be concluded that the juddites generally refer to (manganoan) magnesioriebeckite compositions. In some cases, however, the composition of juddite shows considerable departure from ideal magnesioriebeckite composition and the juddite and winchite (manganoan tremolite-richterite) show evidences of compositional transition, indicating partial miscibility. The juddites have been formed by the interaction of pegmatitic fluid on manganese ore, gondite, and other country rocks such as mica schists and diopside-forsterite marble.

Volumetric Properties of Sodium Cyclamate Solutions in Presence of Glucose and Sucrose

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Sanjeevan J. Kharat ◽  
Sachin M. Munde
Keyword(s):  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Interaction Coefficients ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Sodium Cyclamate ◽  
Specific Volumes

Densities of sodium cyclamate (Na-cycl) in water and (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5)m(glucose/sucrose) have been measured at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. From density values, partial molar volumes (V0Φ), expansion coefficient (E∞), Hepler’s constant (δ2V0Φ/δT2)p, apparent specific volumes (ASV), partial molar volumes of transfer (∆trsV0Φ), doublet (VAB) and triplet (VABB) interaction coefficients have been calculated. An increase in the values ofV0Φand ∆trsV0Φwas observed with increase in the concentration of glucose/sucrose. The positive values ofE∞ andV0Φare due to the strong solute-solvent interactions. The positive values of (δ2V0Φ/δT2)psuggest structure making behaviour of sodium cyclamate in water and in presence of glucose and sucrose. The positive values of (∆trsV0Φ) andVABmay be due to the interactions between hydrophilic group (–OH, C=O, and –O–) of glucose/sucrose and sodium ion of sodium cyclamate. All solutions studied exhibit sweet taste because ASV of all solutions ranges from (0.569 × 10-6) m3×kg-1to (0.626 × 10-6) m3×kg-1.

Polymer Blends made from Ionomer and Ionomer Precursor Polymer

1996 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bellinger ◽  
X. Ma ◽  
L. Tsou ◽  
J. A. Sauer ◽  
M. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Positive Deviation ◽  
Fine Dispersion ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Precursor Polymer ◽  
The Matrix

ABSTRACTRigid-rigid blends made of an ionomer and an ionomer precursor polymer, based on either polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), were studied. A positive deviation from the rule of mixtures in both strength and toughness was observed over the entire composition range; and an especially significant enhancement was observed at low ionomer composition (e.g., 10 wt.%). This is attributed to a fine dispersion of the rigid ionomer phase in the matrix polymer together with good interfacial adhesion between the phases. The adhesion arises from entanglements due to athermal interactions between the same monomeric units of both the ionomer and the ionomer precursor. In addition, all the blend samples are found to be transparent due to similar refractive indices of the two components.

scholarly journals Zincalstibite-9R: the first nine-layer polytype with the layered double hydroxide structure-type

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Mills ◽  
A. G. Christy ◽  
A. R. Kampf ◽  
R. M. Housley ◽  
G. Favreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Periodic Layer ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractZincalstibite-9R, a new polytype in the hydrotalcite supergroup is reported from the Monte Avanza mine, Italy. It occurs as pale blue curved disc-like tablets flattened on {001} intergrown to form rosettes typically less than 50 μm in diameter, with cyanophyllite and linarite in cavities in baryte. Zincalstibite-9R is uniaxial (–), with refractive indices ω = 1.647(2) and ε = 1.626(2) measured in white light. The empirical formula (based on 12 OH groups) is (Zn1.092+Cu0.872+Al0.04)Σ2.00Al1.01(Sb0.975+Si0.02)Σ0.99(OH)12, and the ideal formula is (Zn,Cu)2Al(OH)6[Sb(OH)6]. Zincalstibite-9R crystallizes in space group R, with a = 5.340(2), c = 88.01(2) Å, V = 2173.70(15) Å3 and Z = 9. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0931 for 370 unique reflections [Fo > 4σ(F)] and R1 = 0.0944 for all 381 unique reflections. It has the longest periodic layer stacking sequence for a layered double hydroxide compound reported to date.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate with nitrogen and sulphur compounds at T = (298.15 - 318.15) K and P = 1 bar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Siyanda Brian Chule
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
The Ideal

In this work, the thermodynamic properties for the binary mixtures containing the ionic liquid (IL): 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate ([EMIM] [EtSO4]) were calculated. The binary systems studied were {pyridine (Py) or ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) or thiophene (TS) + [EMIM] [EtSO4]}. The results were interpreted in terms of the intermolecular interactions between the (pyridine + IL), (ethyl acetoacetate + IL), and (thiophene + IL) molecules. The physical properties: density, speed of sound, and refractive index were measured for the binary mixtures over the complete mole fraction range using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M vibrating U- tube densimeter and an Anton Paar RXA 156 refractometer, respectively. The measurements were done at T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K and at p = 0.1 MPa. The experimental data was used to calculate the derived properties for the binary mixtures namely:- excess molar volume (V E ), isentropic compressibility (ks), molar refractions (R) and deviation in refractive index (Δn). For the binary mixtures, (Py or EAA or TS + IL), V E was negative throughout the whole composition range which indicates the existence of attractive intermolecular interaction between (pyridine + IL) and (ethyl acetoacetate + IL) for (thiophene + IL), V E was negative at low mole fraction of thiophene and became positive at high mole fraction of thiophene. For the binary mixtures (pyridine + IL), (ethyl acetoacetate + IL), ks was positive indicating that the binary mixtures were more compressible than the ideal mixture. For the binary mixture (thiophene + IL) ks was negative at low thiophene composition and positive at high composition indicating that the binary mixture was less compressible than the ideal mixture at low thiophene composition and more compressible at high composition of thiophene. The molar refraction, R, is positive for the (Py or EAA or TS + IL) binary systems at T = (298.15 – 318.15) K, molar refraction decreases as the organic solvent composition increases. For the binary mixture (pyridine + [EMIM] [EtSO4]), Δn is negative at mole fractions < 0.75 of pyridine and positive at mole fractions >0.75 at all temperatures and decreases with an increase in temperature. For the binary system (ethyl acetoacetate + [EMIM] [EtSO4]), Δn values are positive over the entire composition range and at all temperatures and increases with an increase in temperature. Δn values for the (thiophene + IL) system are negative for mole fractions of thiophene < 0.62 and becomes positive for mole fractions of thiophene > 0.62 and Δn increases with an increase in temperature. The Redlich-Kister smoothing equation was used successfully for the correlation of V E and Δn data. The Lorentz- Lorenz equation gave a poor prediction of V E , but a good prediction of density or refractive index.

scholarly journals Densities, Viscosities and Refractive Indices of Ternary System Cyclohexane + Cyclohexanol + Cyclohexanone at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Budeanu ◽  
Vasile Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Experimental Values

Densities (r), viscosities (h) and refractive indices (nD) of the ternary system cyclohexane + cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone were measured at 293.15, 298.15 and 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The experimental values of densities and viscosities were correlated with temperature using a linear equation and Guzman equation respectively. Viscosity results were fitted with Grunberg-Nissan equation and Heric-Brewer equation. Different refractive index mixing rules (Arago-Biot, Dale-Glastone, Newton and Lorentz-Lorenz) were studied for this ternary system. The functions of activation of viscous flow were also calculated and their variations with compositions have been discussed.

Computational Approach of Molar Refraction, Molecular Radius and Internal Pressure of a Binary Mixture - Molecular Interaction Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar K. ◽  
Srinivasu Ch. ◽  
Siva Rama Krishna J. ◽  
Jitendra M.S.N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Excess Parameters ◽  
Molecular Radius

Refractive indices and molar volume of binary liquid mixture of 1, 4-dioxane with 1-butanol were measured over the entire composition range at T= (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 & 318) K using Anton Paar and Abbemat Refractometer. Basing empirical formulae and the measured data were utilized to evaluate the molar refraction (Rm), molecular radii (r), internal pressure (pi) along with their excess parameters. The computed results of RmE, rE and piE were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and focused on the molecular interactions present in the mixture.

Thermodynamics of molecular interactions in aniline + benzene mixtures

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (17) ◽  
pp. 2211-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram K. Nigam ◽  
Prem P. Singh ◽  
Krishan C. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
The Enthalpy Of Formation ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Model Approach

Heats of mixing, HE, of aniline + benzene at 298.15 and 308.15 K have been measured over the entire composition range. The results have been analysed in terms of Barker's and ideal associated model theory of non-electrolyte solutions. It has been observed that the ideal associated model approach which assumes the presence of AB, AB2, A2B2, and B molecular species well describes (within ± 120 J/mol at the worst) the general behaviour of HE with xB (mole fraction of aniline) over the whole composition range for aniline + benzene mixtures. The equilibrium constants for the various association reactions along with the enthalpy of formation of various molecular species have also been calculated.

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