Phenylfluorophosphoranes: axial–equatorial fluorine exchange in RC6H4PF3H and intermolecular exchange in the PhPF2(H)OMe–MeOH–base system

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Kruczynski ◽  
Alberta E. Lemire ◽  
Kirk Marat ◽  
Alexander F. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Base System ◽  
Dynamic Nmr ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
First Order ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Line Shape Analysis ◽  
Nmr Study

Activation parameters for axial–equatorial fluorine exchange in arylfluorophosphoranes RC6H4PF3H, where R = o-CF3, m-CF3, p-CF3, m-CH3, were studied by the dynamic nmr technique: [Formula: see text] varied between 53 and 56 kJ mol−1.The synthesis of difluoromethoxyphenylphosphorane, PhPF2(H)OMe, from PhPF2 and MeOH is catalyzed by small amounts of Et3N, pyridine, PhPF3H, or HF. Rapid intermolecular ligand exchange occurs in PhPF2(H)OMe after addition of methanol and a base such as triethylamine or pyridine. Under these conditions, exchange of fluorine, hydrogen, and methoxy ligands occurs, as shown by 1H, 19F, and 31P nmr. From a line shape analysis of the 31P{1H} nmr spectrum, the rate of P—F cleavage was found to be first order (1.17 ± 0.2) in Et3N concentration, with [Formula: see text] = 50 kJ mol−1 and ΔS# = −67 J mol−1 deg−1.An equilibrium constant of 1.8 at 25 °C was found for the reaction of PhPF2(H)OMe with PhPF2.Keywords: axial–equatorial fluorine exchange in RC6H4PF3H intermolecular exchange in the PhPF2(H)OMe–MeOH–base system; 31P and 19F nmr study of ligand exchange in phosphoranes.

Effects of substitution on nitrogen on barriers to rotation of cyclic amides. Part I. Investigation of the rotational barier in 4-benzoyl-1-thia-4-azacyclohex-2-ene by 1H dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bruce Grindley ◽  
B. Mario Pinto ◽  
Walter A. Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Line Shape Analysis ◽  
Chemical Shift Data ◽  
Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shift Data ◽  
C Nmr

The rotational barrier in 4-benzoyl-1-thia-4-azacyclohex-2-ene has been investigated by total line-shape analysis of variable temperature 1H nmr spectra in acetonitrile-d3. Separate treatment of the vinyl and methylene signals yielded sets of values for activation parameters which were in excellent agreement. Assignment of the major and minor rotational isomers was made from chemical-shift data derived from the 13C nmr spectrum at 243 K in acetonitrile-d3.

Determination of the Accurate Values of the Rate Constant and Thermodynamic Parameters for the Rotation About the C(sp2)-C(aryl) Bond; Adamantan-1-yl 3-Bromo-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl Ketone

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-966
Author(s):  
Eva Přibylová ◽  
Miroslav Holík
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Line Shape ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Hindered Rotation ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Line Shape Analysis ◽  
Coalescence Temperature

Four programs for the 1H NMR line shape analysis: two commercial - Winkubo (Bruker) and DNMR5 (QCPE 165) and two written in our laboratory - Newton (in Microsoft Excel) and Simtex (in Matlab) have been tested in order to get highly accurate rate constants of the hindered rotation about a single bond. For this purpose four testing criteria were used, two of them were also developed by us. As supplementary determinations the rate constants obtained for the coalescence temperature and for the thermal racemization of chromatographically separated enantiomers were used which fitted well the temperature dependence of the rate constants determined by the line shape analysis. As a test compound adamantan-1-yl 3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl ketone was prepared and studied. It was shown that supermodified simplex method used in our algorithm (Simtex), though time consuming, gives the most accurate values of the rate constants and consequently the calculated thermodynamic parameters Ea, ∆H≠, and ∆S≠ lay in relatively narrow confidence intervals.

The Barrier to Rotation About the N—N Bond in N-Nitrosamines as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Total Line Shape Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 3028-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Cooney ◽  
S. K. Brownstein ◽  
J. W. ApSimon
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Line Shape ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Resonance Structure ◽  
Bond Rotation ◽  
Line Shape Analysis ◽  
Bond Character ◽  
Nitrogen Bond

The energy barrier to internal N—N bond rotation in five cyclic and two bicyclic N-nitrosamines [Formula: see text]has been determined using high temperature 100 MHz n.m.r. spectroscopy. A substantial contribution from the ionic resonance structure of [Formula: see text] produces considerable double bond character in the nitrogen–nitrogen bond and a concomitant increase in the rotational barrier about the N—N bond. The molecules were examined in the[Formula: see text]liquid state and had ring sizes varying from five to nine atoms. The Arrhenius and Eyring activation parameters for the energy barrier were determined using total line shape analysis and the intensity ratio approximation method. The energy barrier to N—N bond rotation was found to range from 23–29 kcal/mol depending on the molecular structure and the solvent.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Enantiomeric Internal Rotational Isomers of 1- and 3-Arylhydantoins in Achiral and Chiral Solvents

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1556-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Colebrook ◽  
Siddik Icli ◽  
Frank H. Hund
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Rotational Isomers ◽  
Line Shape Analysis ◽  
Solvent Dependence ◽  
Normal Probe

1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra have been determined for a number of 1- and 3-arylhydantoins in achiral and chiral solvents. These compounds, which have enantiomeric rotational isomers, show restricted internal rotation about the aryl C—N bond at normal probe temperatures. Chemical shifts between corresponding protons on the pairs of rotamers, induced by diastereomeric solute–solvent interactions in the chiral solvent, are strongly dependent on the location of the protons in the solute molecules. In conjunction with 1H and 13C chemical shifts, these data provide information on the geometry of the solvated species. No splitting of signals resulting from the presence of diastereomeric solvates was observable in the 13C spectra. Activation parameters for hindered internal rotation, determined by complete p.m.r. line shape analysis using signals of the diastereotopic methyl groups in the 5-position, show some solvent dependence.

Dynamic NMR spectroscopy of 2,2′-dimethyl-1-picrylhydrazine in various solvents

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1648-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
K C Brown ◽  
M El-Bermani ◽  
Y Upadrashta ◽  
J A Weil
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Dynamic Nmr ◽  
Hindered Rotation ◽  
H Nmr

We have studied the 1H NMR spectra of 2,2′-dimethyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazine at 300 and 500 MHz in seven liquid solvents, with a view to learning details of the internal conformational changes taking place as a function of temperature and of the solvent. These molecules in liquid solution occur as interconverting enantiomorphic pairs (atropisomers). Advanced techniques for obtaining the correct activation energies and pseudo-thermodynamic parameters have been utilized, and these parameters are listed and discussed. Our results point to a transformation between the pair of atropisomers that is not quite as complicated as one might have encountered in that the solvent does not affect ΔG‡ in any major fashion. Molecular orbital calculations clarified some of the chemical shifts observed for both 1H and 13C. One goal of this study was to enable a detailed comparison with similar results available for 2,2′-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazine.Key words: dynamic NMR, dimethylpicrylhydrazine, hindered rotation, atropisomers, activation parameters.

A NMR Study of the Exchange Kinetics of the Nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide with its Complexes of Diamagnetic Cations

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Rubini ◽  
L. Rodehüser ◽  
J.-J. Delpuech
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Exchange Kinetics ◽  
Monodentate Ligands ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The ligand exchange on nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide (NIPA) complexes is found to be very slow comparatively to analogous monodentate ligands; the rates determined by 1H or 31P NMR spectroscopy are: k(25°C)=4.3 × 10-2 s-1; 31.6 s-1 • M-1; 3.7 × 104 S-1 • M-1 and 1.35 × 104 s-1 · M-1 for Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Li+ cations respectively. For the Al3+, Ga3+, In3+ and Be2+ ions no exchange could be detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy up to 120 °C, indicating rates lower than about 10-3 s-1

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