A review of the occurrence, toxicity,and biodegradation of condensed thiophenes found in petroleum

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Kropp ◽  
Phillip M Fedorak
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Key Words Biodegradation

Condensed thiophenes comprise a significant portion of the organosulfur compounds in petroleum and in other products from fossil fuels. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) has served as a model compound in biodegradation studies for over two decades. However, until quite recently, few other organosulfur compounds were studied, and their fates in petroleum-contaminated environments are largely unknown. This paper presents a review of the types of organosulfur compounds found in petroleum and summarizes the scant literature on toxicity studies with condensed thiophenes. Reports on the biodegradation of benzothiophene, alkylbenzothiophenes, DBT, alkylDBTs, and naphthothiophenes are reviewed with a focus on the identification of metabolites detected in laboratory cultures. In addition, recent reports on quantitative studies with DBT and naphtho[2,1-b]thiophene indicate the existence of polar sulfur-containing metabolites that have escaped detection and identification. Key words: biodegradation, condensed thiophenes, dibenzothiophene, microbial metabolism, toxicity.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

Technique for Tagging Small Fish with I131 for Evaluation of Predator–Prey Relationships

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. FitzGerald ◽  
Miles H. A. Keenleyside
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cichlasoma Nigrofasciatum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Convict Cichlids

Experiments to test the feasibility of using radioactive I131 as a technique for evaluation of conspecifïc predation on fry by adult convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) are described. The technique is useful for short-term quantitative studies of predator–prey interactions where it is not possible to observe and quantify predation directly or where stomach content analysis of adults is not feasible. Key words: radioactive tagging, predator–prey interactions, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum

scholarly journals An analysis of overlapping terms to define articles key words

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Celestino de Andrade ◽  
Epaminondas Gonzaga Lima Neto ◽  
Franciso Sandro Rodrigues Holanda ◽  
Luiz Diego Vidal Santos ◽  
Lucas Celestino De Andrade Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Relationship Networks ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Global Carbon

Several ways of structuring sources of innovation have been provided in order to achieve competitiveness and reduce the impacts during a crisis time. The use of renewable technologies that also reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and dependence on fossil fuels has been encouraged. The objective of this study was to identify the main groupings of terms through the VOSviewer tool, related to technology transfer in fuel cells found from searching in the Scopus database repository. The structuring of relationship networks of the terms of greater co-occurrence of technology transfer in fuel cells enabled a verification based on clear definitions, providing a synthesis of the most researched devices, or potentially found in the Scopus database. The search provided a number of 170 articles in an unbiased way presenting an overview of the main understanding of selected articles from 2015 up to the present, indicating central operators to be considered, as well as innovation perception to support future economic growth, focusing on most significant terms on the searched parameters.

scholarly journals Synthesis and applications of sodium sulfinates (RSO2Na): a powerful building block for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 9130-9221
Author(s):  
Raju Jannapu Reddy ◽  
Arram Haritha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

This review provides a unique and comprehensive overview of sodium sulfinates for synthesizing many valuable sulfur-containing compounds, such as thiosulfonates, sulfonamides, sulfides, sulfones, allyl sulfones, vinyl sulfones and β-keto sulfones.

scholarly journals Microbial cysteine degradation is a source of hydrogen sulfide in oxic freshwater lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Q Tran ◽  
Samantha C Bachand ◽  
Jacob C Hotvedt ◽  
Kristopher Kieft ◽  
Elizabeth A McDaniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Relevant Compound ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine is abundant in the environment including in freshwater lakes. Biological degradation of cysteine can result in hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a toxic and ecologically relevant compound that is a central player in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic environments, including freshwater lakes. Here, we investigated the ecological significance of cysteine in oxic freshwater lake environments, using model systems of isolated cultures, controlled growth experiments, and multi-omics. We screened bacterial isolates enriched from natural lake water for their ability to produce H2S when provided cysteine. In total, we identified 29 isolates that produced H2S and belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. To understand the genomic and genetic basis for cysteine degradation and H2S production, we further characterized 3 freshwater isolates using whole-genome sequencing, and quantitatively tracked cysteine and H2S levels over their growth ranges: Stenotrophomonas maltophila, Stenotrophomonas bentonitica (Gammaproteobacteria) and Chryseobacterium piscium (Bacteroidetes). We observed a decrease in cysteine and increase in H2S, and identified genes involved in cysteine degradation in all 3 genomes. Finally, to assess the presence of these organisms and genes in the environment, we surveyed a five-year time series of metagenomic data from the same isolation source at Lake Mendota and identified their presence throughout the time series. Overall, our study shows that sulfur-containing amino acids can drive microbial H2S production in oxic environments. Future considerations of sulfur cycling and biogeochemistry in oxic environments should account for H2S production from degradation of organosulfur compounds.

scholarly journals Oxidation of dibenzothiophene as a model substrate for the removal of organic sulphur from fossil fuels by iron(III) ions generated from pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Beskoski ◽  
Valerija Matic ◽  
Jelena Milic ◽  
Dejan Godjevac ◽  
Boris Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Dibenzothiophene Sulfone ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Indirect Mechanism ◽  
Abiotic Oxidation ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

Within this paper a new idea for the removal of organically bonded sulphur from fossil fuels is discussed. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as a model compound of organicmolecules containing sulphur. This form of (bio)desulphurization was performed by an indirect mechanism in which iron(III) ions generated from pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans performed the abiotic oxidation. The obtained reaction products, dibenzothiopene sulfoxide and dibenzothiophene sulfone, are more soluble in water than the basic substrate and the obtained results confirmed the basic hypothesis and give the possibility of continuing the experiments related to application of this (bio)desulphurization process. .

scholarly journals Advances in the Reduction of the Costs Inherent to Fossil Fuels' Biodesulfurization towards Its Potential Industrial Application

2016 ◽  
pp. 390-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana M. Paixão ◽  
Tiago P. Silva ◽  
Bruno F. Arez ◽  
Luís Alves
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Complementary Technique ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Low Sulfur

Biodesulfurization (BDS) process consists on the use of microorganisms for the removal of sulfur from fossil fuels. Through BDS it is possible to treat most of the organosulfur compounds recalcitrant to the conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS), the petroleum industry's solution, at mild operating conditions, without the need for molecular hydrogen or metal catalysts. This technique results in lower emissions, smaller residue production and less energy consumption, which makes BDS an eco-friendly process that can complement HDS making it more efficient. BDS has been extensively studied and much is already known about the process. Clearly, BDS presents advantages as a complementary technique to HDS; however its commercial use has been delayed by several limitations both upstream and downstream the process. This study will comprehensively review and discuss key issues, like reduction of the BDS costs, advances and/or challenges for a competitive BDS towards its potential industrial application aiming ultra low sulfur fuels.

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Some Organosulfur Compounds

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Purcell ◽  
H. Susi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectra

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of various sulfur derivatives of long-chain carboxylic acids have been studied The types of compounds studied include those where the methylene chain is interrupted by a sulfide or a sulfone group and those where the carboxyl group has been replaced by –SO3– or –C(=O)S–. The spectral effects produced by the sulfur-containing groups are discussed. The effect of the sulfur group in sulfides and sulfones is compared with the effect of an oxygen atom in a similar environment. The effect of the –SO3– and –C(=O)S– groups on neighboring methylene groups is compared with the effect of the carboxyl group.

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