Thinning of mature lodgepole pine stands increases scolytid bark beetle abundance and diversity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor D Hindmarch ◽  
Mary L Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Thinning of forests has been used as a management tool for bark beetles; however, its effects have only been studied in a limited number of bark beetle species, and the causes of its effectiveness remain unclear. We sampled the abundance and diversity of secondary bark beetles in mature thinned and unthinned lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud., stands (ca. 840 and 2500 trees/ha, respectively) near Whitecourt, Alberta. We examined the factors that might influence any differences in abundance and diversity between thinned and unthinned stands. Breeding habitat for secondary bark beetles (fresh coarse woody debris) was much more abundant in thinned stands than in unthinned stands in the first year after thinning but then returned to background levels. Temperature and wind speeds were higher in thinned stands in all 3 years after thinning. The abundance of striped ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum Olivier, and pine engravers, Ips pini (Say), captured in baited funnel traps and window traps remained significantly higher in thinned stands than in unthinned stands in all 3 years after thinning, while the diversity of bark beetles remained constant or increased over this period. Our data suggest that the persistent changes in microclimate following thinning, especially increased wind, were partly responsible for thinned stands having more secondary bark beetles than unthinned stands.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO PINE OILS FOR PROTECTING LODGEPOLE PINE FROM ATTACK BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is one of the most destructive bark beetles found on pine in western North America (McCambridge et al. 1979), particularly in forests of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia (Furniss and Carolin 1977). The treatment registered in the United States for the protection of high-value trees in residential areas and recreational areas is 2% carbaryl applied to the bole of the tree with a hydraulic sprayer. Recently, pine oil, a derivative of paper pulp waste, was found to be an effective non-insecticidal repellent against several species of bark beetles (Nijholt et al. 1981).

Entomocorticium dendroctoni gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycotina), a possible nutritional symbiote of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
R. J. Bandoni ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

ATTACK BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FOLLOWING SPACING OF MATURE LODGEPOLE PINE (PINACEAE) STANDS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
T.L. Shore ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Stick Model

AbstractVariation in bark beetle attack following spacing of mature lodgepole pine stands in the East Kootenays of British Columbia was analyzed in relation to stand location (site), spacing treatment, and harvesting injury. Observations were made on three sites, each having three treatments: 4 × 4 m spacing, 5 × 5 m spacing, and untreated control. There was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of attacked trees among sites or treatments. However, in the spaced plots 94.3% of the attacked trees sustained harvesting injury or were located adjacent to skid trails. Dendroctonus valens LeConte was the dominant species attacking trees on the two drier sites, and Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins was the dominant species on the third site. There was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of attacked stumps among sites or spacing treatments. On average, 80.7% of the stumps were attacked; attacked stumps had larger diameters than unattacked stumps. Thirteen species of bark beetles were found attacking stumps. Hylurgops porosus LeConte was the most numerous species at all three sites. Based on the fit of the Michaelis–Menten equations to species accumulation curves, an estimated 76–90% of the number of species attacking stumps at the three sites were observed in bark samples. Margalef’s index of diversity for the two drier sites (Cranbrook = 1.15, Parson = 1.13) was nearly identical and higher than at the moist site (Elkford = 0.89). Pairs of sites had five to six species in common, and the Sorensen coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.52 to 0.71, indicating moderate similarity in species composition. The abundance versus species rank relationship was fitted by three models: the MacArthur broken stick model, the geometric series, and the Zeta distribution. The latter gave good fit to data from two sites, but none of the fitted models gave satisfactory fit to data from the third site, mainly because of the high abundance of the second ranked species (Orthotomicus caelatus Eichhoff). Our results indicated that stand characteristics affected species assemblages and abundances of bark beetle species that attacked stumps. Management practices that minimize injury to trees during the spacing operations are emphasized to reduce attack by bark beetles.

scholarly journals Life history of a secondary bark beetle, Pseudips mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Smith ◽  
A.L. Carroll ◽  
B.S. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bark Beetle Associates

AbstractPseudips mexicanus (Hopkins) is a secondary bark beetle native to western North and Central America that attacks most species of pine (Pinus L. (Pinaceae)) within its range. A pair of life-history studies examined P. mexicanus in other host species, but until now, no work has been conducted on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson). Pseudips mexicanus in lodgepole pine was found to be polygynous. Galleries were shorter, offspring smaller, and the eggs laid per niche and the potential progeny fewer than in populations from California and Guatemala. Development from the time of female attack to emergence of adult offspring took less than 50 days at 26.5 °C, and the accumulated heat required to complete the life cycle was determined to be 889.2 degree days above 8.5 °C, indicating that in the northern portion of its range P. mexicanus is univoltine. Determination of these life-history traits will facilitate study of interactions between P. mexicanus and other bark beetle associates in lodgepole pine.

Responses of Ips pini (Say), Pityogenes knechteli Swaine and Associated Beetles (Coleoptera) to Host Monoterpenes in Stands of Lodgepole Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Pine Beetle

We conducted seven experiments in stands of mature lodgepole pine in southern British Columbia to elucidate the role of host volatiles in the semiochemical ecology of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with particular reference to the behavioral responses of predators and competing species of bark beetles. Our results demonstrated that the attraction of Ips pini and the bark beetle predators Lasconotus complex LeConte (Colydiidae), Thanasimus undatulus (Say) (Cleridae) and a Corticeus sp. (Tenebrionidae) were increased by 3-carene. In contrast, attraction of the bark beetle Pityogenes knechteli Swaine (Scolytidae) to ipsdienol was interrupted by 3-carene and α-pinene. Attraction of L. complex to ipsdienol was increased by γ-terpinene, a compound attractive to the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Scolytidae). Terpinolene interrupted the attraction of I. pini to ipsdienol.

scholarly journals Bark Beetles, Fuels, Fire Potential and Nitrogen Cycling in Contrasting Conifer Forests of Greater Yellowstone

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Monica Turner ◽  
Jacob Griffin ◽  
Philip Townsend ◽  
Martin Simard ◽  
Brian Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Greater Yellowstone

Recent increases in insect and fire activity throughout the western US have presented forest managers with formidable challenges. The extent and severity of bark beetle (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) epidemics have reached unprecedented levels, and the number of large, severe fires continues to increase. These trends are expected to continue because climate change is implicated for both disturbances. Insects and fire have tremendous ecological and economic effects in western forests, yet surprisingly little is known about how fire hazard may change following bark beetle epidemics, and the efficacy of alternative forest management practices (e.g., removal of beetle-killed trees or remaining small trees) designed to reduce future fire hazard is largely unknown. We are employing a combination of field studies, remote sensing and simulation modeling to understand how bark beetle infestation affects fire hazard in two widespread but contrasting forest types, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir forests are key components of Rocky Mountain landscapes, and both are experiencing extensive and severe bark beetle outbreaks. Published research on beetle effects on fire in lodgepole pine forests is inconclusive, and almost no studies have examined Douglas-fir. We hypothesize that differences in fire regime, stand structure, regeneration potential and decomposition of woody fuels lead to important differences in fuel profiles, fire hazard and, in turn, the effectiveness of alternative mitigation strategies in lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. We also anticipate that ecosystem responses, especially nitrogen cycling, to beetle attack will differ between these two forest types. Our studies are being conducted in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks, and the Bridger-Teton and Shoshone National Forests within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), where we build on >20 years of research and our recent studies of bark beetles and fire in lodgepole pine forests. During the summer of 2010, we conducted a significant portion of the field component of the project, measuring stand structure and fuel profiles in a chronosequence of Douglas-fir forests of differing time since beetle attack (TSB), and also measuring burn severity and forest regeneration following a 2008 fire that burned a recently beetle-attacked forest. Data analyses are ongoing and results will be forthcoming.

Effects of induced translocation stress and bark beetle attack (Dendroctonus ponderosae) on heat pulse velocity and the dynamic wound response of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Miller ◽  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
A. A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Wound Responses

The effects of induced translocation stress upon heat pulse velocity, reactions to pathogenic fungi, and bark beetle attack dynamics were compared before, during, and after severe cooling of the bole and after girdling of xylem and phloem in Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann. Cooled trees evidenced a reduction of heat pulse velocity and the elimination of observable wound responses, which returned to normal upon cessation of the stress the following year. A tree naturally attacked and colonized by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins also evidenced reduced heat pulse velocity within 2 weeks of bark beetle attack. Heat pulse velocity in girdled trees did not change. Stress due to drought and (or) bark beetle attack in nature may be analogous to that induced by cooling. Such stress may reduce a tree's ability to resist bark beetle attack and fungus invasion.

TEMPORAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) CAPTURED IN BARRIER TRAPS AT BAITED AND UNBAITED LODGEPOLE PINES THE YEAR FOLLOWING ATTACK BY THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton ◽  
T.L. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractBark beetles were trapped for two summers in a mature stand of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae), infested by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, near Princeton, British Columbia. Columns of flight-barrier traps were suspended next to uninfested live trees and from dead brood trees containing new adult beetles. The brood trees had been treated in the previous year with mountain pine beetle pheromone bait alone or in combination with Ips pini Say (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) pheromone bait and subsequently killed by mountain pine beetles. A total of 3376 individuals from 30 species of Scolytidae were captured in the traps. Most of the species for which lodgepole pine is a nonhost or occasional host were captured in low numbers (one or two specimens). The most abundant species (> 30 individuals) were D. ponderosae, I. pini, Hylurgops porosus LeConte, Pityogenes knechteli Swaine, and Trypodendron lineatum Olivier. The treatments affected captures of mountain pine beetles and I. pini but only in the year when trees were either unbaited or baited simultaneously for mountain pine beetle and I. pini. There were significant differences among the five most abundant species in the mean heights and mean Julian dates of capture. In addition to host condition requirements, these differences reflected partitioning of the food and habitat resource and competitive interactions among species. There was no interaction between treatment and trap height, indicating that treatment did not affect the height distribution of flying beetles.

scholarly journals Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Short-Interval Fires in Douglas-Fir and Lodgepole Pine Forests of Greater Yellowstone

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Monica Turner ◽  
William Romme ◽  
Brian Harvey ◽  
Daniel Donato
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Postfire Regeneration ◽  
Greater Yellowstone

Recent increases in insect and fire activity throughout the western US have presented forest managers with formidable challenges. The extent and severity of bark beetle (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) epidemics have reached unprecedented levels, and the frequency of large, severe fires continues to increase. These trends are expected to continue because climate change is implicated for both disturbances. Insects and fire have tremendous ecological and economic effects in western forests, yet surprisingly little is known about how fire hazard may change following bark beetle epidemics, and how changing fire regimes may potentially alter forests of Greater Yellowstone. We are employing a combination of field studies, remote sensing and simulation modeling to understand how bark beetle infestation affects fire hazard in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. The Douglas-fir type is a key component of Rocky Mountain landscapes, and is experiencing extensive and severe bark beetle outbreaks. However, almost no studies have examined Douglas-fir. We hypothesized that differences in fire regime, stand structure, regeneration potential and decomposition of woody fuels lead to important differences in fuel profiles, fire hazard and, in turn, the effectiveness of alternative mitigation strategies in Douglas-fir. Our studies are being conducted in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks, and the Bridger-Teton and Shoshone National Forests within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), where we build on >20 years of research and our recent studies of bark beetles and fire in lodgepole pine forests. During the summer of 2011, we conducted a significant portion of the field component of the project, collecting ancillary data in our previously measured chronosequence of Douglas-fir forests of differing time since beetle attack (TSB), and measuring burn severity and forest regeneration following a 2008 fire that burned a recently beetle-attacked Douglas-fir forest on the Shoshone National Forest. We also sampled forest regeneration and dead wood biomass following a short (28-year) interval ‘reburn’ in lodgepole pine forests to test whether reduced seed sources associated with younger trees at the time of burning might reduce postfire regeneration potential. Data analyses are ongoing and results will be forthcoming.

Pezizella chapmanii n.sp., a discomycete associated with bark beetle galleries in western conifers

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Conidial State

Pezizella chapmanii n.sp. (Helotiales) is described from apothecia found in the galleries of various bark beetles in conifers of western Canada; viz., Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby galleries in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; D. ponderosae Hopkins galleries in Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann and in P. ponderosa Laws.; D. murrayanae Hopkins galleries in P. contorta var. latifolia; and D. pseudotsugae Hopkins galleries in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In agar culture, a prominent Malbranchea conidial state is produced.

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