Estimated realized gains for first-generation slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) tree improvement in the southeastern United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vergara ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Barry D Shiver ◽  
Donald L Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The University ◽  
Stand Yield

Realized gains from selection of the first-generation breeding population of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were estimated using data from 38 field trials planted in large rectangular plots in the southeastern United States. The trials consisted of material selected for volume growth and planted by the Cooperative Forest Genetics Research Program at the University of Florida (19 trials) and by the Plantation Management Research Cooperative at the University of Georgia (19 trials). All trials contained slash pine seedlots collected from unrogued or lightly rogued first-generation seed orchards. Analyses of variance detected, on average, moderate gains in rust resistance (I50 = 43.1%) and site index (4.3%) and important gains in individual tree volume (7.7%) and stand yield (10.2%). Silvicultural treatments and age by realized gains interactions were never significant, but significant interactions between seedlots and trials showed that realized gains are not consistent at all sites. Overall results were highly consistent with predicted breeding values for rust resistance, but lower than expected for volume. On average, realized gain in stand yield for first-generation material was approximately 10%, or an extra inside-bark volume of 25 m3·ha–1 (357 feet3·acre–1) at 25 years.

Predicted Genetic Gains from one Generation of Slash Pine Tree Improvement

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hodge ◽  
T. L. White ◽  
G. L. Powell ◽  
S. M. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Growth And Yield Model

Abstract Gains over unimproved seed for progeny from first generation--un-rogued, first generation--rogued, and one and one-half generation orchards of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) for individual tree volume at 15 years are predicted to be 10%, 15%, and 19%, respectively. Rustinfection of orchard progeny on sites where unimproved material incurs 50% infection are predicted to be 49%, 41%, and 35% for the three orchard types. Using a growth and yield model that incorporates fusiform rust, gains in individual tree volume and increased rust resistance were combinedto estimate effects on per acre yields. Percent volume per acre gains are predicted to be 7.0%, 13.2%, and 18.0% for the three orchard types. Collection and deployment of the most rust resistant seed to high rust hazard sites raises the gain on these sites and becomes increasingly beneficialas the rust hazard increases. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1): 51-56.

Competition dynamics in pure- versus mixed-family stands of loblolly and slash pine in the southeastern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Timothy A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Mixed Family

Few studies within the native range of loblolly ( Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) have compared yield and stand dynamics in pure-family block versus mixed-family block plantings under a range of silvicultural treatments. Understanding intergenotypic competitive interactions is important for predicting phenotypic performance, defining growth strategies and ideotypes, and deploying the correct mix of families that possess complementary characteristics for enhanced yield and pest resistance. In 2000, replicated experimental trials were installed in the southeastern United States, controlling for genotype (pure- and mixed-family plantings; consisting of seven full-sibling loblolly and six full-sibling slash pine families), planting density (1334 vs. 2990 trees/ha), and levels of silvicultural treatment intensity (operational vs. intensive). We measured four installations of these trials. There were numerous examples of differential family performance in mixed versus pure plots manifested as significant deployment × family interactions for diameter at breast height, height, basal area, volume, survival, disease, and damage traits. Significant and consistent interactions of several families with mixed versus pure deployment led to the identification of putative crop and competition ideotypes in both loblolly and slash pine. Tree-level crown architectural traits and an index of growth efficiency for the identified families were consistent with the hypothesized ideotypes.

Preemergence Weed Control in Southeastern Forest Nurseries

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Dill ◽  
M. C. Carter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Low Rate

Weed control trials were conducted on loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) or slash pine (Pinus elliottiiEngelm.) seedbeds at 12 locations in the southeastern United States. Good weed control was obtained from 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha;N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) at 4.5 and 9 kg/ha; α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha; and 2-ethylthio-4,6-bis-isopropylamino-s-triazine (GS-16068) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha as preemergence applications immediately followed by irrigation. Diphenamid and trifluralin treatments were not injurious to either pine species at either rate. GS-16068 was only slightly injurious at the high rate at one location. Prometryne was injurious at two locations at the high rate and at one location at the low rate.

scholarly journals Realized Genetic Gains of Rust Resistant Selections of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) Planted in High Rust Hazard Sites

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vergara ◽  
T. L. White ◽  
D. A. Huber ◽  
R. A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stand Yield

Summary Realized gains from selection for resistance to the fungal disease fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme were estimated using data from five field trials planted on large rectangular plots in high rust-hazard sites. These five realized gain trials, planted as a Best Management Practices study (BMP), compared resistant and susceptible mixtures of families from the first-generation breeding population of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) in southeastern North America. Analyses of variance (Proc Mixed using REML in SAS), conducted to test the significance of realized gains and interactions contrasting resistant with susceptible seedlots, detected important and highly significant realized gains in both rust resistance and mid-rotation yield. Significant gains were obtained for rust resistance at age 5 and stand yield at age 16 with high stability across sites and across silvicultural treatments, indicating that gains in rust resistance and the associated influence on gains in stand yield were consistent under many environmental conditions. Additionally, the values of realized gains in stand yield steadily increased with age, primarily due to increased rust associated mortality with age in the susceptible material. The 25% realized gain for rust resistant material compared to rust susceptible material obtained at age 16 was conservatively extrapolated to a 25-year-old rotation-age gain of 51.4 m3 ha-1 (735 feet3 acre-1) in inside-bark volume.

scholarly journals Avian Breeding Season Diversity and Community Composition in Camden White Gum and Slash Pine Plantations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J Messick ◽  
Christopher E Comer ◽  
Michael A Blazier ◽  
T Bently Wigley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Short Rotation Woody Crops ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Abstract In the southern United States, some landowners have established plantations of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and are managing them on short rotations (<15 years) to provide wood for fiber and other potential uses. Establishment of short-rotation woody crops dominated by nonnative species has implications for resident fauna in the United States that are largely unknown. We compared avifauna abundance, diversity, and community composition in newly established Camden white gum (Eucalyptus benthamii) plantations with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations of the same age and height (one to two and six to seven years old, respectively) in southwestern Louisiana, USA. Species richness, diversity, and community composition in newly established eucalyptus plantations and six- to seven-year-old pines were similar. More birds were observed, and bird detections varied less in eucalyptus plantations. Indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and other shrub-associated species were detected more often in eucalyptus stands. In contrast, species that inhabit herbaceous-dominated communities, such as eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), or that were associated with a dense graminoid community (e.g., Bachman’s sparrow [Peucaea aestivalis]) were detected less often in eucalyptus. Overall, breeding bird communities in eucalyptus plantations one to two years postestablishment differed little from plantations dominated by slash pine. Study Implications Compared with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem) plantations of similar age and height (one to two years and six to seven years old, respectively) we found one- to two-year-old eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage) plantations supported similar avian species richness and diversity to six- to seven-year-old pine stands. Furthermore, we found these eucalyptus plantations (E13) supported an avian community that was intermediate to similar aged pine (S13) and pine of similar height (S08). However, avian communities will likely change as eucalyptus plantations age (Christian et al. 1997). Continued monitoring and assessment of community composition, richness, and abundance is important for determining the magnitude of this change. Future investigations focused on nest success, fecundity, postfledging monitoring, and survivorship compared with other types of planted forests and native cover types would help us better understand eucalyptus plantation effects on avifauna demographics (Van Horne 1983, Martin 1998, Jones 2001, Wood et al. 2004, Sage et al. 2006, Riffell et al. 2011).

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

scholarly journals Understory Vegetation Richness and Diversity of Eucalyptus benthamii and Pinus elliottii Plantations in the Midsouth US

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Stefano ◽  
Michael A Blazier ◽  
Christopher E Comer ◽  
Thomas J Dean ◽  
T Bently Wigley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the Western Gulf region of the United States cold-tolerant eucalyptus have been explored as pulpwood feedstock. However, non-native plantations may alter understory species diversity, modifying environmental conditions and soil characteristics. Few studies have compared eucalyptus plantations with native ecosystems to understand the impact on understory vegetation in the United States. In this study, we compared understory plant species richness and diversity during 2014–2016 in (1) slash pine (Pinus elliottii) established in 2008, (2) slash pine established in 2013, and (3) and Camden white gum (Eucalyptus benthamii) established in 2013. Overstory characteristics, soil pH, and soil nutrient concentrations were measured to understand factors that affected understory species richness and diversity. Results indicated a decline in understory species richness over time, with Camden white gum in an intermediate condition between same-age slash pine (highest richness) and older slash pine (lowest richness). Leaf area index, soil pH and K, and tree height were the most important factors influencing understory species richness and diversity. The adoption of fast-growing eucalyptus on these sites will probably accelerate the deterioration of natural habitats and reduce open-condition species in favor of shade-tolerant species, overturning the conservation efforts already put in place by governmental agencies and conservation groups.

scholarly journals Economics of Ethanol Production Using Feedstock from Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Plantations in the Southern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Nesbit ◽  
Janaki R.R. Alavalapati ◽  
Puneet Dwivedi ◽  
Marian V. Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Ethanol Conversion

Abstract A growing interest in cellulosic biofuels, coupled with the economic challenges faced by nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners of the Southern United States, presents a unique opportunity to useforest biomass as a feedstock for developing bioenergy markets. This study uses a cost-benefit analysis framework to calculate the profitability for three simulated NIPF slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations under multiple feedstock production levels. Also, the unit cost of cellulosic ethanol production considering both the two-stage dilute sulfuric acid (2SDSA) and proposed synthesis gas ethanol catalytic conversion (SGECC) processes is calculated through a discounted cash flow methodology. The results show that the bioenergy market opportunity increases land values by $28.56–37.50/ac. The calculated unit cost of production is found to be $2.39/gallon under the 2SDSA process and $1.16/gallon for the SGECC process. The overall analysis indicates that ethanol production from Southern slash pine plantations offers a promising option for biofuel production, but that further advancements are necessary in the ethanol conversion phase.

Benchmarking the Integration of Complex Systems Study in Mechanical Engineering Programs in the Southeastern United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kellam ◽  
Michelle Maher ◽  
James Russell ◽  
Veronica Addison ◽  
Wally Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
University Websites ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering Education ◽  
The University

Complex systems study, defined as an understanding of interrelationships between engineered, technical, and non-technical (e.g., social or environmental) systems, has been identified as a critical component of undergraduate engineering education. This paper assesses the extent to which complex systems study has been integrated into undergraduate mechanical engineering programs in the southeastern United States. Engineering administrators and faculty were surveyed and university websites associated with engineering education were examined. The results suggest engineering administrators and faculty believe that undergraduate engineering education remains focused on traditional engineering topics. However, the review of university websites indicates a significant level of activity in complex systems study integration at the university level, although less so at college and department levels.

Genetic variation in basal area increment phenology and its correlation with growth rate in loblolly and slash pine families and clones

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica I Emhart ◽  
Timothy A Martin ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

We quantified basal area increment phenology over a 2-year period in one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) full-sib families propagated as rooting cuttings. In 2002, basal area growth started in March and stopped in October for both species, while in 2003, initiation and cessation occurred 2 weeks earlier for all families. In both years, peaks in basal area increment occurred in short (2–3 week) periods in the early spring for all families, followed by linear basal area growth until cessation. While there were significant size differences among taxa (species and families) at age 6 and 7 years, genetic differences in basal area growth rate were only expressed during short, discrete time periods primarily in the spring and fall. Basal area growth rate increased during periods when water soil availability increased (up to 300 mm), but an excess in water availability in the soil had a negative impact on growth. Within-family individual-tree broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 for all traits. In general, heritabilities were higher for growth traits than for phenological traits for all families. Both the strength and direction of correlation estimates of phenological traits with growth rate varied across families and years.

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