Application of slow-release tablets to enhance white pine regeneration: growth response and efficacy against white pine blister rust

Three field studies were established in northeastern Ontario to test the ability of slow-release tablets to provide prophylactic protection against white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) and thereby improve the long-term survival, health, and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings. Experimental treatments included factorial rate combinations the fungicide triadimefon (Bayleton®), the insecticide imidacloprid (Merit®), and fertilizer (NPK, 15:8.5:3.75). Mean foliar fungicide residues increased to maximal levels (0.21 to 3.1 µg/g fresh mass (fm)) within 1 to 2 years posttreatment and declined markedly to <0.3 µg/g fm 3 to 4 years posttreatment. Dose-dependent and temporal trends observed in foliar residue levels were reflected by parallel trends in efficacy. At ≥2000 ppm triadimefon, infection rates were reduced to between 35% and 70% and mortality rates were reduced to between 6% and 52% over seven growing seasons across the three sites. In contrast, untreated seedlings had infection rates between 60% and 98% and mortality rates between 30% and 90%. Neither fungicide nor insecticide treatments had significant effects on surviving seedling growth. Differences in fungicide uptake, disease incidence, and seedling growth in response to fertilization were observed among the three sites. Direct weed control, provided at one site, appeared to offer relatively greater health and growth benefits than fertilization.

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STUDIES ON WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST IN NOVA SCOTIA

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc29267-3 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. K. McGinn ◽

A. G. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

Control Measure ◽

Systematic Search ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

White Pine ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Cutting Operation

Studies were undertaken in Nova Scotia to determine (i) the effect of different cutting practices on the establishment of a RIBES population and of white pine regeneration, (ii) whether blister rust is a major factor in retarding the establishment of white pine regeneration, and (iii) the feasibility and cost of RIBES eradication as a direct control measure against blister rust. No relationship was found to exist between RIBES establishment and the degree of cutting. Uncut softwood stands, where white pine is the predominant species, show evidence of producing a future pine crop. Forest types supporting white pine appear to offer the best opportunities for pine reproduction where a clear-cutting operation has given the stand maximum opening. Results of the present study to date do not show that blister rust is a major factor in retarding the establishment of white pine regeneration. To eradicate RIBES from the study area by a complete systematic search required 1 man-hour per acre. Because of the small number of RIBES plants found and of the tendency for them to occur consistently in moist, low-lying habitats, a complete systematic search for these plants appears to be unnecessary. It is suggested that one man, trained to recognize RIBES and their probable location, could cover large forest tracts with a minimum of time expended in searching localities unlikely to support these plants.

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Incidence of White Pine Blister Rust in a High-Hazard Region of Wisconsin

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/18.3.81 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S.E. Dahir ◽

J.E.Cummings Carlson

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Density ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

White Pine ◽

Site Factors ◽

Topographic Position ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Study Sites

Abstract The incidence of white pine blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, was recorded in 61 pole and small sawtimber stands in northern Wisconsin where the risk of infection has long been considered high. A minimum of three, randomly located, 10 basal area factor prism plots were established in each stand. Topographic position, aspect, slope, tree density, habitat type, and the presence or absence of bole cankers were recorded at each plot. The mean incidence of infection was 7.2% for all study sites and 5.9% excluding data from Bayfield Peninsula. Mean incidence of cankered trees at this site was 15.9%. The following site factors were significantly correlated with increased incidence of blister rust: increased latitude, higher topographic position, northern aspect, lower total tree density, and absence of a hardwood overstory. Incidence was almost three times higher on ridge tops and shoulders (12.3%) than on flat or bottomland (4.7%). Habitat type was correlated with disease incidence only at the Bayfield Peninsula site, and slope was not significantly correlated with rust levels on any of the plots. North. J. Appl. For. 18(3):81–86.

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State Regulation of Ribes to Control White Pine Blister Rust

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.3.562 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 562-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steven McKay

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

The United States ◽

State Regulation ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

Infection Rates ◽

White Pine ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact

Recent interest in expanding commercial currant and gooseberry (Ribes L.) plantings in the United States has put pressure on the states with Ribes restrictions to review their regulations. A meeting on 9 January 1998 initiated discussion between the state agriculture regulatory agencies, forest pathologists, and horticulturists. Since then a white pine blister rust (WPBR), Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer) World Wide Web (Web) site (McKay, 1998) and list serve have been activated to facilitate communication. Vermont is a state that has no regulations on the books at this time. Connecticut and New York also have mentioned that infection rates are low. Maine retains a Ribes reduction program, and Massachusetts is strictly enforcing their regulations. The following summarizes the general consensus among the majority of regulating states: 1) It is desirable to find a way for both white pines (Pinus L.) and commercial Ribes plantings to coexist. 2) More research is needed to survey existing Ribes and pines, the potential impact of commercial plantings versus the impact of existing Ribes, and the potential impact of escape /volunteer seedlings from immune Ribes cultivars. 3) There is interest in permitting immune Ribes cultivars to be planted. 4) There is interest in having consistency in regulations from state to state.

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Limber Pine Regeneration and White Pine Blister Rust in the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains

Forest Science ◽

10.5849/forsci.16-052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 151-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christy M. Cleaver ◽

William R. Jacobi ◽

Kelly S. Burns ◽

Robert E. Means

Keyword(s):

Rocky Mountains ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

White Pine ◽

Southern Rocky Mountains ◽

Limber Pine ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Pine Regeneration

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Landscape analysis of risk factors for white pine blister rust in the Mixed Forest Province of Minnesota, U.S.A.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-078 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1639-1650 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mark A White ◽

Terry N Brown ◽

George E Host

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Spatial Databases ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Data Sets ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

White Pine ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Lake States ◽

Spatial Data Sets

The abundance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) has been significantly reduced in northeastern Minnesota over the past 120 years. White pine blister rust (WPBR), a commonly lethal fungal disease of white pine, was introduced in Minnesota in approximately 1914 and now, along with other factors such as herbivore browsing, poses a major challenge to attempts to reestablish white pines in the region. A map delineating broad WPBR hazard zones for the Lake States region was prepared in 1964. We created a higher resolution map that estimates the spatial variability of WPBR hazard in the Laurentian Mixed Forest Province of Minnesota using modern geographic information system techniques and readily available spatial databases. The new map has significantly higher resolution than the old and demonstrates that even within areas previously classified as "high hazard", there are significant acreages of "low-hazard" areas where white pine regeneration may be possible. Our analyses are consistent with previous work in the Lake States region, showing that climate, topographic characteristics, and distance from water bodies and wetlands have a strong influence on WPBR infection hazard. We also present methods for analyzing forest conditions at regional scales using commonly available spatial data sets.

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Effects of seedling age on blister rust resistance assessments in eastern white pine and its hybrid backcrosses

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Pengxin Lu ◽

Darren Derbowka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resistance ◽

Growing Season ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

Seedling Age ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Younger Age

Seedling age at the time of artificial white pine blister rust ( Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) inoculation can affect the duration and accuracy of resistance assessments for eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) and its hybrid backcrosses and thereby affect advances in breeding programs intended to enhance genetic resistance to the pathogen. Based on postinoculation seedling mortality rates, up to 5 years were required to rank resistance of eastern white pine genotypes when seedlings were inoculated with C. ribicola at 2 years of age compared with less than 2 years when they were inoculated after the first growing season. In this study, we evaluated and compared consistency of genotype rankings in seedling mortality rates between the two inoculation approaches. Assessment results from inoculating seedlings after the first growing season proved as reliable as those achieved by inoculating them after the second growing season. Inoculating seedlings at a younger age not only substantially reduced experimental time and costs but also allowed a larger number of seedlings to be screened for resistance, leading to higher experimental precision.

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