A note on the relationship between estimates of heritability and type-B genetic correlation

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2917-2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Type B ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type B Genetic Correlation

This note verifies the applicability of an approach derived from Adams et al. (W.T. Adams, T.L. White, G.R. Hodge, and G.L. Powell. 1994. Silvae Genet. 43: 357–366) that used the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability estimates (denoted by Rh) to approximate type-B genetic correlation (rB) estimates. Both theoretical evidence and empirical evidence suggest that the estimate of the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability is often a good approximation of the estimate of type-B genetic correlation under the assumption of homogeneous heritability among sites. Given the large sampling errors and often unstable estimates of rB, the approach concerned may provide an alternative to existing methods for estimating type-B genetic correlation.

An analysis of the variation in the lean tissue distribution of sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

ABSTRACTThe distribution of lean tissue between eight standard joints was examined in 956 crossbred lambs slaughtered at constant live weights of either 35 or 40 kg. The sire breeds used were the Dorset Down, Ile-de-France, Oldenburg, Oxford, Suffolk and Texel. Sire breed did not have a significant effect on the proportion of total carcass lean found in the higher-priced joints but did show significant differences in the proportion of total carcass lean found in individual joints, with a maximum difference of 7·7 g total lean per kg joint being recorded. Similarly, small but significant effects due to ewe age (1 to 3 years), rearing type (single, twin, triplet), sex (male castrate, female) and weight of total lean were reported for the proportion of total carcass lean found in different joints.Heritability estimates ranged from 0·07 (s.e. 008) to 0·65 (s.e. 0·16) for the proportion of total lean in the best-end neck and higher-priced joints respectively. Phenotypic standard deviations of 5·8g/kg and 17·9g/kg were reported for the proportion of total lean found in the best-end neck and the higher-priced joints respectively. The genetic correlations between the proportion of total lean in each of the higher-priced joints and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints combined were positive. A genetic correlation of 017 (s.e. 0·20) was found for the relationship between average daily gain from birth to slaughter and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schnider
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Standards

This chapter summarizes current interpretations of all forms of confabulations discussed in the book and reviews the relationship between the four forms of memory-related confabulations. Experimental investigation has confirmed the dissociation between various types of false memories and considerably advanced the understanding of the mechanisms of some forms of confabulation, in particular behaviourally spontaneous confabulation and false statements in anosognosia. Overall, experimental evidence is scarce; many models have no controlled experimental basis or extend their proposed range of application well beyond the empirical evidence. The chapter concludes with a call for heightened respect of basic scientific standards in the research on confabulation.

scholarly journals Realized Sampling Variances of Estimates of Genetic Parameters and the Difference Between Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R Koots ◽  
John P Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract A data set of 1572 heritability estimates and 1015 pairs of genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates, constructed from a survey of published beef cattle genetic parameter estimates, provided a rare opportunity to study realized sampling variances of genetic parameter estimates. The distribution of both heritability estimates and genetic correlation estimates, when plotted against estimated accuracy, was consistent with random error variance being some three times the sampling variance predicted from standard formulae. This result was consistent with the observation that the variance of estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between populations were about four times the predicted sampling variance, suggesting few real differences in genetic parameters between populations. Except where there was a strong biological or statistical expectation of a difference, there was little evidence for differences between genetic and phenotypic correlations for most trait combinations or for differences in genetic correlations between populations. These results suggest that, even for controlled populations, estimating genetic parameters specific to a given population is less useful than commonly believed. A serendipitous discovery was that, in the standard formula for theoretical standard error of a genetic correlation estimate, the heritabilities refer to the estimated values and not, as seems generally assumed, the true population values.

scholarly journals Modification of Type B Inclusions by Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard-Wire Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Linzhu Wang ◽  
Zuobing Xi ◽  
Changrong Li
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Size ◽  
Type B ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Dispersed Inclusions ◽  
Wire Steel ◽  
Classical Thermodynamics ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the modification of type B inclusions in high-carbon hard-wire steel with Ca treatment, Si-Ca alloy was added to high-carbon hard-steel, and the composition, morphology, size, quantity, and distribution of inclusions were observed. The samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The experimental thermal results showed that the modification effect of inclusion was better in high-carbon hard-wire steel with Al of 0.0053% and Ca of 0.0029% than that in steel with Al of 0.011% and Ca of 0.0052%, in which the inclusions were mainly spherical semi-liquid and liquid CA2, CA, and C12A7. The inclusion size decreased from 3.2 μm to 2.1 μm. The degree of inclusions segregation was reduced in high-carbon hard-wire steels after calcium treatment. The results indicate that the modification of inclusions is conducive to obtaining dispersed inclusions with fine size. The ratio of length to width decreased and tended to be 1 with the increase in CaO content in the inclusion. When the content of CaO was higher than 30%, the aspect ratio was in the range of 1 to 1.2. The relationship between the activity of aluminum and calcium and the inclusions type at equilibrium in high-carbon hard-wire steel was estimated using classical thermodynamics. The calculated results were consistent with the experimental results. The thermodynamic software Factsage was used to analyze the effect of aluminum and calcium additions on the type and quality of inclusions in high-carbon hard-wire steels. The modification law and mechanism of type B inclusions in high-carbon hard-wire steels are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between AGAMOUS and Cytokinin Signaling in the Establishment of Carpeloid Features

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Andrea Gómez-Felipe ◽  
Daniel Kierzkowski ◽  
Stefan de Folter
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gynoecium Development

Gynoecium development is dependent on gene regulation and hormonal pathway interactions. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are involved in many developmental programs, where cytokinin is normally important for cell division and meristem activity, while auxin induces cell differentiation and organ initiation in the shoot. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) is important for the development of the reproductive structures of the flower. Here, we focus on the relationship between AG and cytokinin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and use the weak ag-12 and the strong ag-1 allele. We found that cytokinin induces carpeloid features in an AG-dependent manner and the expression of the transcription factors CRC, SHP2, and SPT that are involved in carpel development. AG is important for gynoecium development, and contributes to regulating, or else directly regulates CRC, SHP2, and SPT. All four genes respond to either reduced or induced cytokinin signaling and have the potential to be regulated by cytokinin via the type-B ARR proteins. We generated a model of a gene regulatory network, where cytokinin signaling is mainly upstream and in parallel with AG activity.

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