A Personal Model of Trumpery: Linguistic Deception Detection in a Real-World High-Stakes Setting

Language use differs between truthful and deceptive statements, but not all differences are consistent across people and contexts, complicating the identification of deceit in individuals. By relying on fact-checked tweets, we showed in three studies (Study 1: 469 tweets; Study 2: 484 tweets; Study 3: 24 models) how well personalized linguistic deception detection performs by developing the first deception model tailored to an individual: the 45th U.S. president. First, we found substantial linguistic differences between factually correct and factually incorrect tweets. We developed a quantitative model and achieved 73% overall accuracy. Second, we tested out-of-sample prediction and achieved 74% overall accuracy. Third, we compared our personalized model with linguistic models previously reported in the literature. Our model outperformed existing models by 5 percentage points, demonstrating the added value of personalized linguistic analysis in real-world settings. Our results indicate that factually incorrect tweets by the U.S. president are not random mistakes of the sender.

OPTIMIZED ACTION UNITS FEATURES FOR EFFICIENT DESIGN OF DECEPTION DETECTION SYSTEM

Deception detection is becoming an interesting filed in different areas related to security, criminal investigation, law enforcement and terrorism detection. Recently non-verbal features have become essential features for deception detection process. One of the most important kind of these features is facial expression. The importance of these expressions come from the idea that Human face contain different expressions each of which is directly related to a certain state. In this research paper, facial expressions' data are collected for 102 participants (25 women and 77 men) as video clips. There are 504 clips for lie response and 384 for truth response (total 888 video clips). Facial expressions in a form of Action Units (AUs) are extracted for each frame with video clip. The AUs are encoded based on Facial Action Coding System (FACS) which are 18 AUs. These are: AU 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28 and 45. Based on the collected data, only six AUs are the most effective and have a direct impact on the discrimination process between liar and truth teller. These AUs are AU 6, 7, 10, 12, 14 and 28

Linguistics and Deception Detection (DD): A Work in Progress

Linguistic Deception Detection DD is a well-established part of forensic linguistics and an area that continues to attract attention on the part of researchers, self-styled experts, and the public at large. In this article, the various approaches to DD within the general field of linguistics are examined. The basic method is to treat language as a form of behaviour and to equate marked linguistic behaviour with other marked forms of behaviour. Such a comparison has been identified in other fields such as psychology and kinesics as being associated with stress linked to the attempt to deceive, typically in such contexts as examined here. Representative authentic examples of some of the most common linguistic indicators of deception that have been identified are discussed, dividing them into two general categories which we here introduce: language as revealer and language as concealer. We will argue that linguistic analysis for DD should be conducted relative to the subject’s individual linguistic patterns of behaviour, not on absolutes related to broad generalisations about what is supposedly normal or unmarked in the population at large. We will also briefly discuss some structured methods for linguistic analysis for DD and the prospect that technology and artificial intelligence will provide the means to automate and digitalise the linguistic DD process. We maintain that caution is advisable when considering these, as DD will, in all probability, always remain a work in progress, with the need for a flexible human evaluator ready to take into account many different aspects of the individual subject and the case in question.

Deception Detection Tests: A Subdued Investigating Tool

The increasing demand to dispose of the cases swiftly, police often resort to third-degree methods to extract information from the individual; and in the process violate the fundamental rights to life and personal liberty stated under article 21 of the constitution of India. With the development of science and technology quickly eliciting the information is possible by adopting methods of polygraph, brain mapping, and narco analysis. In the past various experts, committees and judgements in courts have recommended these technologies to be used. Though there is a demand, it also raises serious legal, ethical and medical issues. Through this article we attempted to analyze the issues from various angles, and should take steps in the future to implement them. Keywords: Deception Detection Test (DDT), polygraph, brain mapping, narco analysis.

When the Body Knows: Interoceptive Accuracy Enhances Physiological But Not Explicit Differentiation Between Liars and Truth-Tellers

Recent research suggests that people experience distinct physiological reactions to lies versus truths. It is unclear, however, if this experience is incorporated into greater truth-lie judgment accuracy. We hypothesized individuals with high interoceptive accuracy—those with greater access to bodily experiences and stronger physiological responses to emotional stimuli—might be particularly likely to accurately discriminate high-stakes, emotional lies and truths. Participants (n = 71) completed two study sessions: the first assessed their interoceptive accuracy with heartbeat detection measures and the second assessed their deception detection ability while measuring their physiological reactivity. Interoceptive accuracy was associated with a greater difference in vasoconstriction to liars (vs. truth-tellers), suggesting that interoception was positively associated with physiological sensitivity to deception. Interoceptive accuracy, however, was unrelated to deception detection accuracy. While better interoception provides enhanced physiological signals that could better discriminate lies from truths, it does not improve deception detection accuracy.

Conceptual and Theoretical Issues in Forensic Neuropsychology

<p>Neuroscience is an increasingly popular area of study in forensic psychology, and there is a large body of empirical research emerging investigating the biological basis of offending behaviour. However, the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of forensic neuroscience are currently underdeveloped. The aim of this thesis is to provide insight into the potential issues with forensic neuroscience and provide a number of suggestions for researchers to follow. This thesis begins by outlining these theoretical, conceptual, and empirical issues that researchers should be considering, including conceptualisation of the mind, explanation, and the methodological issues in neuroscience. These issues are then examined in more detail using two specific subject areas as exemplars: deception detection and mind-reading by brain-reading. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future researchers, which include making sure that research is based on a strong theoretical framework, clarity around the kind of explanation employed and use of explanatory pluralism, clear and consistent definitions to improve conceptual validity, using consistent and conceptually valid experimental protocols, and explicit consideration of technical limitations and how they impact the validity of the experiment.</p>

Conceptual and Theoretical Issues in Forensic Neuropsychology

<p>Neuroscience is an increasingly popular area of study in forensic psychology, and there is a large body of empirical research emerging investigating the biological basis of offending behaviour. However, the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of forensic neuroscience are currently underdeveloped. The aim of this thesis is to provide insight into the potential issues with forensic neuroscience and provide a number of suggestions for researchers to follow. This thesis begins by outlining these theoretical, conceptual, and empirical issues that researchers should be considering, including conceptualisation of the mind, explanation, and the methodological issues in neuroscience. These issues are then examined in more detail using two specific subject areas as exemplars: deception detection and mind-reading by brain-reading. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future researchers, which include making sure that research is based on a strong theoretical framework, clarity around the kind of explanation employed and use of explanatory pluralism, clear and consistent definitions to improve conceptual validity, using consistent and conceptually valid experimental protocols, and explicit consideration of technical limitations and how they impact the validity of the experiment.</p>