Heritability and type B genetic correlation estimates for coastal douglas-fir in the US Pacific Northwest: trends and insights from 906 first-generation and second-cycle tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Keith J. S. Jayawickrama ◽  
Terrance Z. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Us ◽  
Type B Genetic Correlation

scholarly journals Cooperative Second-Cycle Breeding and Testing of Coastal Douglas-fir in the US Pacific Northwest: Strategy, Implementation, and Operational Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
KJS Jayawickrama ◽  
TZ Ye
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Rating Score ◽  
The Us ◽  
Operational Aspects ◽  
Trial Series

AbstractThe second cycle of cooperative breeding and testing of coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington was started around 1992. By 2020 the bulk of testing is nearing completion, while the latest program in southern Oregon and NW California is scheduled to run through 2035. A total of 109 first-generation programs were consolidated into nine second- cycle breeding and testing cooperatives (with 15 testing zones); 136 tests are planned, of which 120 have already been established. Between five and eight tests are established per trial series. Trials established to date have contained from 50 to 283 full-sib crosses. In total, the Douglas-fir breeding effort will be comprised of over 2,900 crosses, of which 2,500 have already been established in the field. A total of about 349,000 test trees are to be planted, with over 310,000 already planted.Tests typically get three main measurements when the trees are 3 (or 4), 7 and 12 years old from seed. (1) Age-3 or 4: progression of budburst, on a 1 to 5 rating score, when roughly 50 % of the seedlings have broken bud, on one or two sites per trial series. (2) Age-7: height (height pole), dbh, stem sinuosity in the second internode from the top, number of incidences of stem forking, number of incidences of ramicorn branching and (3) Age-12: height (vertex), dbh, stem sinuosity in the second internode from the top, number of incidences of stem forking, number of incidences of ramicorn branching, second flushing yes\no in current year, and wood acoustic velocity (in some trial series).

scholarly journals Heritabilities, Intertrait Genetic Correlations, G x E Interaction and Predicted Genetic Gains for Acoustic Velocity in Mid-rotation Coastal Douglas fir

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama ◽  
T. Z. Ye ◽  
G. T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Type B ◽  
The North ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Oregon Cascades

AbstractAcoustic velocity (AV) data from 7,423 coastal Douglas-fir trees drawn from 347 wind-pollinated families on 14 sites, from four first-generation testing programs in the north Oregon Cascades, were analyzed. Families were measured on two or four sites at ages 23 to 41 years from seed using the Fakopp TreeSonic standingtree tool. Height (HT) and DBH data collected at ages 15 and 16 from seed, from all trees in the four programs (95,795 trees, 955 families), were used to calculate volume index (VOL = HT*DBH2) and stem taper (TAP = DBH/HT). All traits were analyzed using multivariate mixed model analyses.Across-site individual narrow-sense heritabilities for AV2ranged from 0.24 to 0.40 among first-generation programs, compared to 0.12 to 0.23 for HT, 0.10 to 0.16 for DBH, 0.11 to 0.20 for VOL and 0.14 to 0.17 for TAP.Across-site type B correlations for AV2ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, compared to 0.62 to 0.83 for HT, 0.60 to 0.74 for DBH, 0.67 to 0.78 for VOL and 0.66 to 0.79 for TAP. AV2was negatively correlated with HT in three programs (rA= 0.17 to −0.28), and negatively correlated with DBH (−0.12 to −0.46), VOL (−0.05 to −0.44) and TAP (−0.09 to −0.40) in all four programs.Selecting the top 10% of the families sampled based on AV2gave predicted gains of 4.4% to 9.6% for AV2and −9.3% to 10.6% for VOL. The adverse genetic correlations between AV2and growth, and the losses in gain in AV2from selection based on growth, may be overestimated by suppression of slower-growing families in these older tests.

The effect of tree dimension on the diversity of bark microhabitat structures and bark use in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa K. Michel ◽  
Susanne Winter ◽  
Andreas Linde
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
The Us

The focus of this study was to investigate the role of tree dimension and associated bark structures for high structural complexity and high natural biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Two-hundred and ninety-one Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) trees in two regions of the US Pacific Northwest were investigated for the relationship between tree diameter and bark thickness (measured as bark fissure depth) and the relationships of both to bark microhabitats and signs of bark use. Our results emphasize the habitat function of tree bark of large-diameter Douglas-fir trees. Many bark microhabitat types and their total abundance significantly increased with increasing tree diameter and bark thickness. These were bark pockets with and without decaying substrate, bowls in the bark, and signs of bark use, e.g., small holes from woodpecker drillings and large insects, large bark excavations from woodpeckers, spider funnel webs, natural cavities at the stem base without decay, and the occurrence of herb vegetation at the tree base. In forest monitoring, tree diameter may be a good indicator of the number of bark microhabitats and of bark thickness because it is strongly related to both of these variables. However, because of the high variability of bark thickness in large-diameter trees, we suggest monitoring bark fissure depth if an ecological evaluation of Douglas-fir forests is needed.

A note on the relationship between estimates of heritability and type-B genetic correlation

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2917-2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Type B ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type B Genetic Correlation

This note verifies the applicability of an approach derived from Adams et al. (W.T. Adams, T.L. White, G.R. Hodge, and G.L. Powell. 1994. Silvae Genet. 43: 357–366) that used the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability estimates (denoted by Rh) to approximate type-B genetic correlation (rB) estimates. Both theoretical evidence and empirical evidence suggest that the estimate of the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability is often a good approximation of the estimate of type-B genetic correlation under the assumption of homogeneous heritability among sites. Given the large sampling errors and often unstable estimates of rB, the approach concerned may provide an alternative to existing methods for estimating type-B genetic correlation.

scholarly journals Inaccuracies in survey reporting of alcohol consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Gilligan ◽  
Kristen G. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin O. Ladd ◽  
Yun Ming Yong ◽  
Michael David
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
Serving Sizes

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption estimates in public health predominantly rely on self-reported survey data which is likely to underestimate consumption volume. Surveys tend to ask specifically about standard drinks and provide a definition or guide in an effort to gather accurate estimates. This study aimed to investigate whether the inclusion of the term standard drinks with pictorial guide is associated with an adjustment in self-reported alcohol volume. Methods A web-based survey was administered with AUDIT-C questions repeated at the beginning and end of the survey with and without the standard drink term and guide. The order in which respondents were presented with the different question types was randomised. Two cohorts of university/college students in NSW Australia (n = 122) and the US Pacific Northwest (n = 285) completed the survey online. Results Australian students did not adjust their responses to questions with and without the standard drink term and pictorial guide. The US students were more likely to adjust their responses based on the detail of the question asked. Those US students who drank more frequently and in greater volume were less likely to adjust/apply a conversion to their consumption. Conclusions This study supports previous findings of the inaccuracy of alcohol consumption volume in surveys, but also demonstrates that an assumption of underestimation cannot be applied to all individual reports of consumption. Using additional questions to better understand drink types and serving sizes is a potential approach to enable accurate calculation of underestimation in survey data.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Calibration around AD 1900 from Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) tree rings from Northern Norway

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1784
Author(s):  
Helene Svarva ◽  
Pieter Grootes ◽  
Martin Seiler ◽  
Terje Thun ◽  
Einar Værnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us

ABSTRACTTo resolve an inconsistency around AD 1895 between radiocarbon (14C) measurements on oak from the British Isles and Douglas fir and Sitka spruce from the Pacific Northwest, USA, we measured the 14C content in single-year tree rings from a Scots pine tree (Pinus sylvestris L.), which grew in a remote location in Saltdal, northern Norway. The dataset covers the period AD 1864–1937 and its results are in agreement with measurements from the US Pacific coast around 1895. The most likely explanation for older ages in British oak in this period seems to be 14C depletion associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Inadvertent Stent Retriever Detachment: A Multicenter Case Series and Review of Device Experience FDA Reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Masoud ◽  
Thanh N. Nguyen ◽  
Coleman O. Martin ◽  
William E. Holloway ◽  
Sudheer Ambekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Stent Retriever ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Solitaire Fr

Mechanical thrombectomy using retrievable stents or stent retriever devices has become the mainstay of intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. The recent publication of a series of positive trials supporting intra-arterial therapy as standard of care for the treatment of large vessel occlusion will likely further increase stent retriever use. Rarely, premature stent detachment during thrombectomy may be encountered. In our multicenter case series, we found a rate of detachment of less than 1% (n = 7/1,067), and all were first-generation Solitaire FR devices. A review of the US Food and Drug Administration database of device experience yielded 90 individual adverse reports of detachment. There were 82, 1 and 7 detachments of Solitaire FR (first generation), Solitaire FR2 (second generation) and Trevo devices, respectively. We conclude with a brief overview of the technical and procedural considerations which may be helpful in avoiding this rare complication.

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