Models for predicting vertical profiles of heartwood diameter in mature Scots pine

Variation in heartwood diameter (HWD) along the stem was studied in 106 mature Scots pines ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sampled from southern Norway. HWD decreased from the base towards the treetop, following a profile similar to that of the stem diameter (shape of the tree). A few trees deviated from this general pattern. In these trees HWD increased from the base of the stem to a maximum at 2–2.5 m and then decreased towards the top of the tree. Random coefficient mixed models based on a second-degree polynomial of vertical position in the tree and tree variables that can be measured in the forest were developed to predict HWD profiles of pine stems. Seven different models were developed in steps, based on how easily the input variables can be measured. Input variables consisted of information describing the size and shape of trees and information from increment cores. Performances of the models were validated with an independent sample (R2 = 0.88–0.95, root mean square error = 12–19 mm). The high predictive abilities of the models indicate that they can be prospective tools for selecting trees and stem sections within trees to produce logs with HWD suitable for manufacturing of heartwood sawn-wood products.

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EMPLOYEE HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING SMART INSOLES

National Association of Scientists ◽

10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.1.67.430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (67) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

I. Tetin ◽

E. Antonenko ◽

V. Epishev

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

General Pattern ◽

Employee Health ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Complex Environments ◽

Pressure Force ◽

Health Monitoring System ◽

Working Day ◽

Industrial Injuries

The article describes an application of an employee health monitoring system that consists of insoles with built-in sensors and a smartphone app. The system controls employees’ static and dynamic load in a vertical position using built-in gyroscopes and accelerometers. It calculates the pressure force and time spent in static and dynamic positions and provides recommendations for changing the posture to reduce the risk of spine, and joint deceases. It is shown that the presented complex increases the safety and productivity of labor and reduces the risks of industrial injuries. Moreover, the employer gets the opportunity to evaluate the working day general pattern, analyze the time spent in a static and dynamic position, track and check worker’s location in complex environments.

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Seasonal variability of ice temperature upon the results of measuring at “North Pole-38” drifting station

Arctic and Antarctic Research ◽

10.30758/0555-2648-2017-0-4-66-75 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 66-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. V. Kharitonov

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Cold Front ◽

Freezing Point ◽

General Pattern ◽

Time Profile ◽

North Pole ◽

First Year ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Vertical Profiles ◽

Second Year

Vertical profiles of ice temperature were measured in November 2010 – September 2011 at “North Pole-38” drifting station. These observations were made at five locations, including young ice, residual first-year ice, second-year ice, multi-year ice. Methods of measurements are considered. Time-temperature profiles for all types of ice as well as time profile for the gradient of temperature of ice, as an example, are shown. A snow cover gives substantial thermal resistance, reducing a heat flux between atmosphere and ocean. The periods of warming-up and cooling of ice in the annual cycle alternate with periods, when vertical distribution of ice temperature close to linear: with a maximal gradient in winter and zero gradient in summer. A general pattern of the seasonal evolution of ice temperature is discussed. A cold front is propagating down through the ice from October to June. Ice growth lasts, on the average, to a middle of May. Warming of ice to the freezing point occurs mainly in August.

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Your highness: Vertical position and size as perceptual symbols of power

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633942013-178 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Schubert

Keyword(s):

Vertical Position ◽

Perceptual Symbols

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Assessment of the incorporation of revascularized fibula grafts used for mandibular reconstruction with F-18-PET

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623992 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H. Schliephake ◽

van den Hoff ◽

W. H. Knapp ◽

G. Berding

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Regional Blood Flow ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Mandibular Reconstruction ◽

Reference Region ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Non Union ◽

Range Of Values ◽

Measured Input

Summary Aim: Determination of the range of regional blood flow and fluoride influx during normal incorporation of revascularized fibula grafts used for mandibular reconstruction. Evaluation, if healing complications are preceded by typical deviations of these parameters from the normal range. Assessment of the potential influence of using “scaled population-derived” instead of “individually measured” input functions in quantitative analysis. Methods: Dynamic F-l 8-PET images and arterialized venous blood samples were obtained in 11 patients early and late after surgery. Based on kinetic modeling regional blood flow (K1) and fluoride influx (Kmlf) were determined. Results: In uncomplicated cases, early postoperative graft K1 - but not Kmlf -exceeded that of vertebrae as reference region. Kmn values obtained in graft necrosis (n = 2) were below the ranges of values observed in uncomplicated healing (0.01 13-0.0745 ml/min/ml) as well as that of the reference region (0.0154-0.0748). Knf values in mobile non-union were in the lower range - and those in rigid non-union in the upper range of values obtained in stable union (0.021 1-0.0694). If scaled population-derived instead of measured input functions were used for quantification, mean deviations of 23 ± 17% in K1 and 12 ± 16% in Kmlf were observed. Conclusions: Normal healing of predominantly cortical bone transplants is characterized by relatively low osteoblastic activity together with increased perfusion. It may be anticipated that transplant necrosis can be identified by showing markedly reduced F− influx. In case that measured input functions are not available, quantification with scaled population-derived input functions is appropriate if expected differences in quantitative parameters exceed 70%.

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Path Tracking Controller Design of Automatic Guided Vehicle Based on Four-Wheeled Omnidirectional Motion Model

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.15282/ijame.17.2.2020.18.0599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 7996-8010

Author(s):

X. Wu ◽

Y. Yang

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Controller Design ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Position Angle ◽

Path Tracking ◽

Global Coordinate System ◽

Automatic Guided Vehicle ◽

Input Variables ◽

Industrial Pc

This paper presents a new design of omnidirectional automatic guided vehicle based on a hub motor, and proposes a joint controller for path tracking. The proposed controller includes two parts: a fuzzy controller and a multi-step predictive optimal controller. Firstly, based on various steering conditions, the kinematics model of the whole vehicle and the pose (position, angle) model in the global coordinate system are introduced. Secondly, based on the modeling, the joint controller is designed. Lateral deviation and course deviation are used as the input variables of the control system, and the threshold value is switched according to the value of the input variable to realise the correction of the large range of posture deviation. Finally, the joint controller is implemented by using the industrial PC and the self-developed control system based on the Freescale minimum system. Path tracking experiments were made under the straight and circular paths to test the ability of the joint controller for reducing the pose deviation. The experimental results show that the designed guided vehicle has excellent ability to path tracking, which meets the design goals.

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