Needle browning and death in Pinus pumila in the alpine region of central Japan were not related to mechanical damage of cuticle and cuticle thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoi Nakamoto ◽  
Takefumi Ikeda ◽  
Emiko Maruta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Pinus Pumila ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Cuticular Resistance ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

The browning and death of needles of evergreen conifers in alpine regions occur mainly in early spring at the point where the shoot protrudes from the snowpack. They are thought to be caused by excessive transpiration due to mechanical damage to the cuticle or to a thinner cuticle. However, there are a few studies that do not necessarily agree with this idea. We assessed needle browning and death in Pinus pumila (Pallas) Regel. in the alpine region of Japan in relation to mechanical damage to the cuticle, cuticular resistance, and cuticle thickness. Mechanical damage was not observed on needle cuticles of Pinus pumila browning in a natural environment. The color of needles with artificially abraded cuticles changed from green to brown in the abraded part. However, the brown color at the abraded part differed from the brown of a browning needle in its natural environment. There was no correlation between cuticular resistance and cuticle thickness. Needle browning and death in P. pumila were not related to mechanical damage of the cuticle or to cuticle thickness but might be due to changes in the quality and structure of the cuticle and other stresses.

scholarly journals Primary angiosarcoma of thyroid

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e228862
Author(s):  
Ananya Kondapalli ◽  
Lucas Redd ◽  
Lorraine DeBlanche ◽  
Yin Oo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Cytologic Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Angiosarcoma ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Thyroid Transcription Factor ◽  
Left Neck

Mesenchymal origin of primary thyroid angiosarcomas (TAS) is extremely rare and comprises less than 1% of primary thyroid cancer worldwide. While TAS are most commonly occurring in the Alpine region, there are multiple reported cases of TAS in non-Alpine regions. Diagnosis of TAS is commonly made after thyroidectomy as cytologic diagnosis can be challenging due to paucity of cells, presence of necrosis and unawareness of the disease due to rarity. We report a case of primary TAS diagnosed by cytology in a 56-year-old man who presented with a sudden onset of left neck pain, swelling and haemoptysis. He was later noted to have suspicious nodules on both lobes of thyroid on ultrasound. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules showed malignant epithelioid cells. The diagnosis of TAS was made based on positive endothelial markers such as thrombomodulin and CD31, with many pertinent negatives, including negative cytokeratins,thyroid transcription factor (TTF1), thyroglobulin, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

scholarly journals Isotopic Analysis and Cycling of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon at Lake Biwa, Central Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Nakamura ◽  
Sadao Kojima ◽  
Tomoko Ohta ◽  
Hirotaka Oda ◽  
Akiko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

This paper reports on concentrations and carbon isotopic results of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water samples collected at four locations and from several depths in Lake Biwa, central Japan, covering every season of the year, starting in the spring of 1995. Depth profiles of DIC concentration and DIC δ13C showed a strong seasonal pattern, as a result of vertical mixing of the lake water in winter and early spring, or lack of mixing in the other seasons. No seasonal change in DIC ∆14C depth profiles was recognizable, mainly owing to the wide scatter of DIC ∆14C. Values typically ranged from 0.47 to 0.65 mmol kg-1 for DIC concentration, and from -4 to -8‰ and from +10 to +80‰ for DIC ∆13C and DIC ∆14C, respectively, for the Lake Biwa water.

Effects of External Factors on Growth and Structure of Pinus pumila Scrub in Mt. Kinpu, Central Japan

1996 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kajimoto ◽  
Nahoko Kurachi ◽  
Yukihiro Chiba ◽  
Hajime Utsugi ◽  
Moriyoshi Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Pinus Pumila ◽  
Central Japan

scholarly journals Transcription factor FTZ-F1 regulates mosquito cuticular protein CPLCG5 conferring resistance to pyrethroids in Culex pipiens pallens

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Xiaoshan Yang ◽  
Xiaohong Sun ◽  
Xixi Li ◽  
Zhihan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cuticular Protein ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Cuticular Resistance

Abstract Background Culex pipiens pallens poses a serious threat to human health because of its widespread distribution, high carrier capacity for several arboviruses, frequent human-biting, and growth in urban environments. Pyrethroid insecticides have been mainly used to control adult Cx. pipiens pallens during outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed resistance, rendering the insecticides ineffective. Cuticular resistance is the primary mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. Previously, we revealed that cuticular protein of low complexity CPLCG5 is a major cuticular protein associated with deltamethrin resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens, which is enriched in the cuticle of mosquitoes’ legs and participates in pyrethroid resistance by forming a rigid matrix. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its transcription remain unknown. Results First, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of FTZ-F1 (encoding Fushi tarazu-Factor 1) was ~ 1.8-fold higher in the deltamethrin-resistant (DR) than deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) strains at 24 h post-eclosion (PE) and ~ 2.2-fold higher in the DR strain than in the DS strain at 48 h PE. CPLCG5 and FTZ-F1 were co-expressed in the legs, indicating that they might play an essential role in the legs. Dual luciferase reporter assays and EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift experiments) revealed that FTZ-F1 regulates the transcription of CPLCG5 by binding to the FTZ-F1 response element (− 870/− 864). Lastly, knockdown of FTZ-F1 not only affected CPLCG5 expression but also altered the cuticle thickness and structure of the legs, increasing the susceptibility of the mosquitoes to deltamethrin in vivo. Conclusions The results revealed that FTZ-F1 regulates the expression of CPLCG5 by binding to the CPLCG5 promoter region, altering cuticle thickness and structure, and increasing the susceptibility of mosquitoes to deltamethrin in vivo. This study revealed part of the mechanism of cuticular resistance, providing a deeper understanding of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Comparison of whole genomes of tick-borne encephalitis virus from mountainous alpine regions and regions with a lower altitude

Virus Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lemhöfer ◽  
L. Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
G. Dobler ◽  
M. Bestehorn-Willmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Germany since 2001. Its causative agent, the TBE virus (TBEV), is the most important arbovirus in Europe and Northern Asia. The illness, caused by the European Subtype usually displays flu-like symptoms, but can result in sequelae and, in 2 % of all cases, in death. Over the last few decades, the virus has spread into new habitats, such as higher altitudes in the Alpine region. For this study, it was hypothesized that the environmental challenges that the virus might be exposed to at such altitudes could lead to the selection of viral strains with a higher resilience to such environmental factors. To determine whether strains identified at higher altitudes possessed different genetic traits compared to viruses from lower altitudes, an analysis of viral genomes from higher Alpine altitudes (> 500 m above sea level) (n = 5) and lower altitudes (< 500 m above sea level) (n = 4) was performed. No common phylogenetic ancestry or shared amino acid substitutions could be identified that differentiated the alpine from the lowland viral strains. These findings support the idea of many individual introductions of TBEV into the alpine region and the establishment of foci due to non-viral specific factors such as favorable conditions for vector species and host animals due to climate change.

scholarly journals The Eastern Austrian Alps – Their Exceptional Demographic Status in the Alpine Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Čede ◽  
Gerhard Deissl ◽  
Roland Löffler ◽  
Ernst Steinicke
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Limestone Alps

Abstract In most Alpine regions with current negative migratory balance, new in-migration from urban areas has meanwhile become a relevant factor. However, this phenomenon is insignificant in Austria’s Eastern Alps. The aim of this thesis-led work is to empirically demonstrate the main reasons for this demographically exceptional position. The Styrian-Lower Austrian Limestone Alps, representing the peripheral core area of Austria's Eastern Alps, were chosen as the study area, as in this region the population decline and above all, migratory losses are particularly high. Through various qualitative and quantitative data acquisition techniques it was shown that new inmigration is still insignificant. The main reasons for this are the perseverance of large estates and the dominance of forestry.

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